scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity of Turkish and Algerian native sheep breeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Abdelkader AMEUR AMEUR ◽  
Onur YILMAZ ◽  
Nezih ATA ◽  
Ibrahim CEMAL ◽  
Semir Bechir Suheil GAOUAR
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Native Sheep ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
High Level

In Algeria and Turkey, the sheep production systems are based on the under extensive rural conditions and their genetic management has led to increased homozygosity and hence productivity loss. The identification of inter-breed and intra-breed genetic diversity plays a key role in the shaping of conservation and breeding programs. The present study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of native sheep breeds reared in Turkey and Algeria. A total of 240 animals from four Algerian (Hamra, Ouled Djellal, Sidaou, and Tazegzawt) and four Turkish (White Karaman, South Karaman, Karacabey Merino, and Kıvırcık) native sheep breeds were genotyped with fourteen microsatellite markers recommended by FAO. A total of 340 alleles were detected from fourteen markers studied. All the eight breeds exhibited moderate to high levels of genetic diversity, with a slight superiority of the Algerian sheep breeds. Overall FIS value was low, but highly significant (p < 0.001). It may have been due to the high inbreeding within the population. The mean global coefficient of gene differentiation (GST) showed that approximately 94.0 % of the genetic variation was within-population. The highest number of private alleles with a frequency above 5 % was observed in Ouled Djellal sheep. Structure analysis of populations studied revealed the most appropriate K with four genetic clusters. As the result, the dendrogram showed that the Algerian sheep breeds were completely separated from the Turkish sheep breeds furthermore the Bayesian clustering revealed a high level of admixture, especially in Algerian sheep populations.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity of Turkish and Algerian native sheep breeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Abdelkader AMEUR AMEUR ◽  
Onur YILMAZ ◽  
Nezih ATA ◽  
Ibrahim CEMAL ◽  
Semir Bechir Suheil GAOUAR
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Native Sheep ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
High Level

In Algeria and Turkey, the sheep production systems are based on the under extensive rural conditions and their genetic management has led to increased homozygosity and hence productivity loss. The identification of inter-breed and intra-breed genetic diversity plays a key role in the shaping of conservation and breeding programs. The present study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of native sheep breeds reared in Turkey and Algeria. A total of 240 animals from four Algerian (Hamra, Ouled Djellal, Sidaou, and Tazegzawt) and four Turkish (White Karaman, South Karaman, Karacabey Merino, and Kıvırcık) native sheep breeds were genotyped with fourteen microsatellite markers recommended by FAO. A total of 340 alleles were detected from fourteen markers studied. All the eight breeds exhibited moderate to high levels of genetic diversity, with a slight superiority of the Algerian sheep breeds. Overall FIS value was low, but highly significant (p < 0.001). It may have been due to the high inbreeding within the population. The mean global coefficient of gene differentiation (GST) showed that approximately 94.0 % of the genetic variation was within-population. The highest number of private alleles with a frequency above 5 % was observed in Ouled Djellal sheep. Structure analysis of populations studied revealed the most appropriate K with four genetic clusters. As the result, the dendrogram showed that the Algerian sheep breeds were completely separated from the Turkish sheep breeds furthermore the Bayesian clustering revealed a high level of admixture, especially in Algerian sheep populations.

scholarly journals Analysis of Genetic Diversity in three Kazakh Sheep using 12 Microsatellites

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Kairat Dossybayev ◽  
Aizhan Mussayeva ◽  
Bakytzhan Bekmanov ◽  
Beibit Kulataev
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Str Markers ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Str Loci ◽  
High Level ◽  
Two Populations

The genetic structure of three Kazakh sheep breeds was examined by using 12 microsatellite loci. A total of 144 alleles were detected from the 12 STR loci, with a mean value of 12.0. The highest allele diversity was found at the locus CSRD247 (16 alleles). PIC value showed that all studied STR markers are more informative and appropriate for genetic analysis of three Kazakh sheep populations. Beside of INRA006, all markers had high level of genetic variability. As Fixation index shows, the excess of the heterozygosity was observed only in loci MAF065. Obtained number of private alleles in Edilbai, Kazakh Arkhar Merino and Kazakh Fine-wool sheep were 25, 17 and 15 respectively. Genetic diversity was higher in Edilbai population than in other two populations. The genetic variability was lower in Kazakh Arkhar Merino sheep than in the Edilbai and Kazakh Fine-wool sheep breeds. The genetic distance was the largest between Edilbai and Kazakh Arkhar Merinos. Also, the moderate differentiation was observed between Edilbai and Kazakh Arkhar Merinos.   

Evaluation of genetic diversity among some commercial cultivars and Iranian wild strains of Agaricus bisporus by microsatellite markers

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Rokni ◽  
Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh ◽  
Alireza Shafeinia ◽  
Naser Safaie
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Cultivated Mushroom ◽  
High Level ◽  
Promising Source

Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach is the most widely cultivated mushroom in Iran. Lack of diversity in mushroom crops, especially where disease is concerned, creates a crucial risk for the currently grown cultivars. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity among Iranian wild strains and some commercial cultivars by using microsatellite markers. Eighteen codominant microsatellite markers of A. bisporus (AbSSR) were used to distinguish 17 wild and commercial strains. All of the microsatellite markers used in this research gave clear banding patterns, and only one strain remained undistinguished. Among 106 generated alleles, the wild subgroup presented 53 alleles never found both in brown and white commercial cultivars, and 42 alleles never found in commercial brown strains. The dendrogram obtained by UPGMA clustering analysis separated A. bisporus strains into six groups. Based on our results, the high level of genetic diversity among Iranian wild strains, compared with the commercial strains, provides a new and promising source of diversity for A. bisporus breeding programs. To our knowledge this is the first relevant study of biodiversity in native Iranian populations of A. bisporus.

Analysis of genetic diversity within Australian lucerne cultivars and implications for future genetic improvement

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Musial ◽  
K. E. Basford ◽  
J. A. G. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Population Genetic Diversity ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is autotetraploid, and predominantly allogamous. This complex breeding structure maximises the genetic diversity within lucerne populations making it difficult to genetically discriminate between populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of random genetic diversity within and between a selection of Australian-grown lucerne cultivars, with tetraploid M. falcata included as a possible divergent control source. This diversity was evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs). Nineteen plants from each of 10 cultivars were analysed. Using 11 RAPD primers, 96 polymorphic bands were scored as present or absent across the 190 individuals. Genetic similarity estimates (GSEs) of all pair-wise comparisons were calculated from these data. Mean GSEs within cultivars ranged from 0.43 to 0.51. Cultivar Venus (0.43) had the highest level of intra-population genetic diversity and cultivar Sequel HR (0.51) had the lowest level of intra-population genetic diversity. Mean GSEs between cultivars ranged from 0.31 to 0.49, which overlapped with values obtained for within-cultivar GSE, thus not allowing separation of the cultivars. The high level of intra- and inter-population diversity that was detected is most likely due to the breeding of synthetic cultivars using parents derived from a number of diverse sources. Cultivar-specific polymorphisms were only identified in the M. falcata source, which like M. sativa, is outcrossing and autotetraploid. From a cluster analysis and a principal components analysis, it was clear that M. falcata was distinct from the other cultivars. The results indicate that the M. falcata accession tested has not been widely used in Australian lucerne breeding programs, and offers a means of introducing new genetic diversity into the lucerne gene pool. This provides a means of maximising heterozygosity, which is essential to maximising productivity in lucerne.

scholarly journals The Genetic Diversity of Trans-caucasian Native Sheep Breeds

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 943-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jibril Hirbo ◽  
Anne Muigai ◽  
A. N. Naqvi ◽  
E. D. Rege ◽  
Olivier Hanotte
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Native Sheep

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analyses of 11 cohorts of captive rhesus macaques from Chinese zoos

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6957
Author(s):  
Qian Su ◽  
Yongfang Yao ◽  
Qin Zhao ◽  
Diyan Li ◽  
Meng Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Control Region ◽  
Clade B ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Major Haplogroups

Rhesus macaques are raised in almost every Chinese zoo due to their likeability and ease in feeding; however, little is yet known about the genetic diversity of rhesus macaques in captivity. In this study, a 475-base pair nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial DNA control region was obtained from the fecal DNA of 210 rhesus macaque individuals in captivity. A total of 69 haplotypes were defined, 51 of which (73.9%) were newly identified. Of all haplotypes, seven were shared between two zoos, and 62 haplotypes (89.8%) appeared only in a specific zoo, indicating a low rate of animal exchange between Chinese zoos. Moreover, there was a relatively high level of genetic diversity among the rhesus macaques (Hd = 0.0623 ± 0.0009, Pi = 0.979 ± 0.003, K = 28.974). Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all haplotypes were clearly clustered into two major haplogroups—Clade A (southeastern China) and Clade B (southwestern China)—and each major clade contained several small sub-haplogroups. The haplotypes of rhesus macaques from the same zoo were not clustered together for the most part, but scattered among several subclades on the phylogenetic tree. This indicates that the rhesus macaques in most Chinese zoos may originat from a diverse collection of geographical areas. Our results demonstrate that zoos play an important role in the conservation of the genetic diversity of rhesus macaques, as well as provide useful information on the genetic management of captive rhesus macaques.

Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Polymorphisms and Population Genetics in Sichuan Wild Rhesus Macaques

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 690-697
Author(s):  
Di Yan Li ◽  
Yong Fang Yao ◽  
Xiao Feng Huang ◽  
An Chun Cheng ◽  
Huai Liang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Level ◽  
Simple Sequence

Cross-species amplification of twenty-five SSR loci from the DNA of five rhesus macaques of diverse regional origins was conducted using human primers for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Seven of these primer pairs, which consistently and unambiguously amplified polymorphic fragments from these five samples, were also used to amplify SSR loci for 111 Sichuan wild rhesus macaques of five different populations. The analysed microsatellite markers produced 109 alleles, varied from 4 to 16 alleles each locus. The number of alleles per population ranged from 6.79 to 11.38. Polymorphic information content showed that all seven loci were highly informative (mean = 0.9017±0.0166, >0.5). The average observed heterozygosity was less than the expected (mean = 0.6795 and mean = 0.8559, respectively). Genetic differentiation among the populations was considerably low with the overall and pairwise FST values (mean = 0.0375), and showed fairly low level of inbreeding (indicated by a mean FIS value of 0. 0.1991). Maintaining genetic diversity is a major issue in conservation biology. In comparison to other captive Macaca mulatta studies, these wild rhesus macaque populations showed a relatively high level of genetic diversity, and there was low gene flow among these populations. Careful genetic management is important for maintaining genetic variability levels. None of the seven informative loci are linked which screened in this study can be applied in future studies on population and conservation genetics of natural primate populations.

Genetic diversity of mocó cotton (Gossypium hirsutum race marie-galante) from the northeast of Brazil: implications for conservation

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 765-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivandilson Pessoa Pinto de Menezes ◽  
Paulo Augusto Vianna Barroso ◽  
Lúcia Vieira Hoffmann ◽  
Valeska Silva Lucena ◽  
Marc Giband
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Extinction Process ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Level

Mocó cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum  L. race marie-galante (Watt) Hutch.) is a potential source of valuable alleles for breeding programs, mainly because of its great adaptability to semi-arid conditions. With the aim of quantifying mocó cotton genetic variability, 187 plants collected in the northeast of Brazil were evaluated using 12 microsatellite markers. A total of 62 alleles were amplified, ranging from three to eight polymorphic alleles per locus. Total genetic diversity was high (0.52), and when measured on a per state basis, was of 0.37 on average. The population showed a low level of heterozygozity (HO = 0.16), reflecting a high level of endogamy (FIS = 0.67). Phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining method revealed that plants sampled in different states tended to cluster according to their geographic origin, except for those collected in the states of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte, which grouped together. Plants from the state of Piauí formed two groups, one with an apparent allelic contribution from G. barbadense, while the second group of plants was closer to those from the states of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte. Despite the high genetic diversity that was observed in the remaining populations, urgent conservation efforts should be undertaken, owing to the high level of endogamy and accelerated extinction process that characterizes these populations. Such efforts should focus on the collection and ex situ maintenance of representative genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Study genetic diversity in maize inbreds and improved hybrid vigor in hybrids produce to determine commercial hybrids in Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 728-731
Author(s):  
Ziyad A. Abed
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Maize Inbreds ◽  
High Level

 A field experiments was conducted in greenhouse to determinate the genetic diversity among 7 genotypes from maize(4 inbreds and 3hybrids) by using molecular markers with Random Amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD),that shown high level of polymorphism among genotypes of maize ,where the percentage of polymorphism ranged from(66%) and (83.33%) the highest number of polymorphism band (16) and size fragment ranged between (3800 bp) with the primer ( Bnlg 1185 ) and the lowest 180 with the primer( Bnlg 1464).The genetic distance value ranged between (0.3451) and (0.6534) ,where the lowest genic distance between (k1 and k2),while the highest genetic distance between(k4) and (k3xk4).In this study RAPD markers were shown to be powerful to detect genetic diversity and provided us high polymorphism values within genotypes of maize ,also we can conclude for useful those primers for genetic studies in plant breeding programs for developing synthetic cultivars or improved inbreds of maize. 

scholarly journals Economic efficiency of Bulgarian dairy synthetic population and Assaf sheep breeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
K. Stankov
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Synthetic Population ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Level Of Selection ◽  
High Level

Abstract. The economic efficiency of ewes from the Bulgarian dairy synthetic population (BDSP) and Assaf sheep breeds, reared in three production systems, e.g. grazing on pasture, stall-pasture rearing and stall rearing was studied. The results from the study showed that BDSP ewes in the stall-pasture rearing system had a relatively low milk yield for a specialised dairy sheep breed – 80L for the lactation period. In this system, without the subsidy, the profit and cost efficiency were negative, while with subsidy, minimum positive results were achieved. For BDSP ewes reared in a stall-pasture rearing system with stall feeding during the grazing period and grazing on improved pastures, the obtained milk yield was by 33% higher. The subsidy resulted in satisfactory profit and cost efficiency, while without the subsidy, the farm ended in loss. BDSP and Assaf ewes reared in stalls, demonstrated substantially higher milk yield and productivity. They realised a profit and good cost efficiency. The milk yield of BSDP sheep reared in stalls was 200L per lactation, and fertility – 140%. The Assaf breed in which a high level of selection and regulated reproduction cycle was achieved, had 250L milk per lactation and 140% fertility. The profit with subsidy was 128.85 BGN (1Lev=0.975€) and without the subsidy: 48.85 BGN, with relatively high cost efficiency. An introduction of traits for higher milk yield, polyestrus and fertility from Assaf into BSDP sheep is necessary.

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