scholarly journals Efficacy of Rational Emotive Therapy in the Management of Antisocial Personality Disorder among Adolescents in Owerri Municipal, Imo State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 555-565
Author(s):  
Chikwe Agbakwuru ◽  
Hope Ejiociii Mgbeoduru
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Rational Emotive Therapy ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Rational Emotive

This study investigated the efficacy of Rational Emotive Therapy in, the management of (ASPD) among adolescents in Owerri municipal, Imo State, Nigeria. It adopted a quasi-experimental design of pre-test post-test control group. Three research questions and three hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. Thirty adolescents who were eighteen years formed the sample. Mean, standard derivation, t-test and 2 ways ANOVA were used to analyze the data obtained. The results obtained showed that Rational Emotive Therapy is efficacious in the management of antisocial personality disorder at post and follow up tests. The results also indicate that male and female adolescents have ASPD and are amenable to change using cognitive restructuring technique of Rational Emotive Therapy. Based on the findings, it was recommended that counselling psychologists should be posted to schools and made teaching subject free to enable them identify and work on adolescents with ASPD and its antecedents of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorders.

Conduct disorders and antisocial personality disorder in childhood and adolescence

2020 ◽  
pp. 1265-1276
Author(s):  
Stephen Scott ◽  
Melanie Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Academic Failure ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Callous Unemotional Traits ◽  
Unemotional Traits

Oppositional defiant and conduct disorders are the most common mental health problems in childhood. They have a poor prognosis if left untreated, with increased crime, violence, drug misuse, academic failure, dependence on state welfare, psychosis, and early death. A number of children additionally have callous-unemotional traits, and they are at risk for going on to develop antisocial personality disorder, which has its origins in childhood. Children with comorbid callous-unemotional traits or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms have a high genetic contribution to their problems and reduced functioning in the limbic and prefrontal areas. There have been over 100 randomized controlled trials of interventions, with evidence-based parenting programmes repeatedly being shown to be effective in both the short and the longer term. There is emerging evidence that they may help prevent personality disorder. In the absence of ADHD, medication has no role to play in the routine management of oppositional defiant and conduct disorders.

scholarly journals Identification of Emotions in Offenders With Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Catarina Iria ◽  
Fernando Barbosa ◽  
Rui Paixão
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Monetary Reward ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Response Cost ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion

Abstract. A group of offenders with antisocial personality (ASP) and a control group identified facial expressions of emotion under three conditions: monetary reward, monetary response cost, and no contingency, to explore effects on the antisocial offenders’ deficits commonly reported in these tasks. Skin Conductance Responses (SCRs) indexed emotional arousal. Offenders with ASP performed worse than controls under reward and no contingency conditions, but under the response-cost condition results were similar. The offenders with ASP presented higher SCR than the controls in the two monetary conditions. Findings suggest that offenders with ASP are hypersensitive to monetary contingencies; monetary reward seems to interfere negatively in their performance while monetary response cost improves it. Arousal level seems unable to explain ability to identify facial affects, while results suggest that methodological variations may explain the conflicting results in the literature.

scholarly journals Antisocial Personality Traits as a Risk Factor of Violence between Individuals with Mental Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Filov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Antisocial Personality Traits

BACKGROUND: Mental disorder can increase the likelihood of taking violent acts of some individuals, but only a small percentage of violence in societies could be attributed to patients with mental health problems. For the past several years numerous studies related to forensic psychiatry has confirmed a close causal relationship between violent offenders and psychiatric comorbidity. Several studies have provided strong evidence that antisocial personality disorders (APD) represent a significant clinical risk for violence. AIM: This study aims to show the relationship between antisocial personality disorder and antisocial personality traits with the other mental disorders and the manifestation of violence between the forensic populations of patients. METHODS: The survey was conducted at the Psychiatric Hospitals and the Mental Health Centre. The research was carried out between two groups: one group of perpetrators of violence (PV) and a control group divided into two subgroups, a control group without violence (CG WV) and a group of respondents forcibly hospitalised CG FH. After obtaining consent for participation in the study, patients were interviewed, and questionnaires were applied. The research methodology included using measuring instrument-Psychopathy Checklist-revised (Hare's PCL-R). RESULTS: The results show that in the group PV antisocial personality disorder is present in 45 patients, or 50% of the total sample. According to statistical research in between groups PV, CG WV and CG WV, there were determent significant differences in specifically listed items from Hare's PCL-R. CONCLUSIONS: Psychopathological traits of mental disorders which are pathognomonic of committing violence are paranoid schizophrenia, as the most present and antisocial personality disorder in comorbidity, as the highest risk factor among the population with mental disorders that manifest violence.

scholarly journals Untangling Intelligence, Psychopathy, Antisocial Personality Disorder, and Conduct Problems: A Meta–Analytic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Sánchez de Ribera ◽  
Nicholas Kavish ◽  
Ian M. Katz ◽  
Brian B. Boutwell
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Analytic Review

Substantial research has investigated the association between intelligence and psychopathic traits. The findings to date have been inconsistent and have not always considered the multidimensional nature of psychopathic traits. Moreover, there has been a tendency to confuse psychopathy with other closely related, clinically significant disorders. The current study represents a meta–analysis conducted to evaluate the direction and magnitude of the association of intelligence with global psychopathy, as well as its factors and facets, and related disorders (i.e. antisocial personality disorder, conduct disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder). Our analyses revealed a small, significant, negative relationship between intelligence and total psychopathy ( r = −.07, p = .001). Analysis of factors and facets found differential associations, including both significant positive (e.g. interpersonal facet) and negative (e.g. affective facet) associations, further affirming that psychopathy is a multidimensional construct. Additionally, intelligence was negatively associated with antisocial personality disorder ( r = −.13, p = .001) and conduct disorder ( r = −.13, p = .001) but positively with oppositional defiant disorder ( r = .06, p = .001). There was significant heterogeneity across studies for most effects, but the results of moderator analyses were inconsistent. Finally, bias analyses did not find significant evidence for publication bias or outsized effects of outliers. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Prepulse Inhibition in Cocaine Addiction and Dual Pathologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Isis Gil-Miravet ◽  
Alejandro Fuertes-Saiz ◽  
Ana Benito ◽  
Isabel Almodóvar ◽  
Enrique Ochoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Cocaine Addiction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised

Cocaine addiction is frequently associated with different psychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia and antisocial personality disorder. A small number of studies have used prepulse inhibition (PPI) as a discriminating factor between these disorders. This work evaluated PPI and the phenotype of patients with cocaine-related disorder (CRD) who presented a dual diagnosis of schizophrenia or antisocial personality disorder. A total of 74 men aged 18–60 years were recruited for this research. The sample was divided into four groups: CRD (n = 14), CRD and schizophrenia (n = 21), CRD and antisocial personality disorder (n = 16), and a control group (n = 23). We evaluated the PPI and other possible vulnerability factors in these patients by using different assessment scales. PPI was higher in the CRD group at 30 ms (F(3, 64) = 2.972, p = 0.038). Three discriminant functions were obtained which allowed us to use the overall Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised score, reward sensitivity, and PPI at 30 ms to predict inclusion of these patients in the different groups with a success rate of 79.7% (42.9% for CRD, 76.2% for CRD and schizophrenia, 100% for CRD and antisocial personality disorder, and 91.3% in the control group). Despite the differences we observed in PPI, this factor is of little use for discriminating between the different diagnostic groups and it acts more as a non-specific endophenotype in certain mental disorders, such as in patients with a dual diagnosis.

Antisocial and Conduct Disorders

2018 ◽  
pp. 195-207
Author(s):  
Marco Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Evolutionary Models ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
The Core ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Rule Breaking ◽  
Developmental Features

The chapter discusses antisocial and conduct disorders, including conduct disorder (CD), oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD), antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and psychopathy. This cluster of related conditions is marked by impulsive, rule-breaking, and aggressive behavior and lies at the core of the externalizing spectrum. After an overview of these disorders, their developmental features, and the main risk factors identified in the epidemiological literature, the chapter critically reviews existing evolutionary models and suggests new directions for research. The final section applies the criteria developed earlier in the book to classify the disorders within the fast-slow-defense (FSD) model. The author concludes that antisocial and conduct disorders can be classified as prototypical fast spectrum (F-type) conditions.

Love Scripts of Persons with Antisocial Personality

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-380
Author(s):  
Barbara Gawda
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Adult Students ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Emotional Knowledge ◽  
Antisocial Tendencies

This study compared the scripts of love among 60 prison inmates diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder and those of 40 inmates without an Antisocial Personality Disorder diagnosis but low antisocial tendencies, and a control group of 100 adult students in extramural or evening secondary schools without Antisocial Personality Disorder traits. The study focused on emotional knowledge about love of the group with Antisocial Personality Disorder, as they present lack of capacity for love. The study was done to examine how they perceive love and how much knowledge they have about love. All described their reactions to a photograph of a couple hugging each other. The content of these scripts, analyzed in terms of description of actors, their actions and emotions, and length of description, was compared among the groups. The scripts of love by antisocial inmates contained more actors' feelings and strong emotions, as well as more descriptions of actors' traits, their actions, and presumptions. The inmates with Antisocial Personality Disorder showed more focus on themselves when they described love than the other inmates and the controls.

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