scholarly journals Design of Reference Phantom for Quality Control of Conventional X-ray Radiography Units in Port Sudan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Yousif Mohamed Y. Abdallah ◽  
Wail Zaki ◽  
Babeker Ahmadoun ◽  
Abuobeada Musa
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Medical Physics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Management Program ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Physics Department ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Product Output

The Quality Control (QC) system, based on simple, cheap equipment and minimum personnel time, enables a resource-limited facility and staff to control the fundamental components of the imaging process on a low cost basis. Quality Assurance (QA) is a product or service quality management program. Customer reviews, capacity building and quality control can also be included. Quality control requires specific measures for ensuring measurable process-related aspects of product output or for the delivery of services within a given limit. Research was conducted at the Medical Physics Department of Red Sea University. The main objective of this work was to boost quality assurance rays. The imagination is more user-friendly and produces better results than a person or object. Phantoms, including fluoroscopy or x-rays, and certain image quality measurements have been used in x-rays imaging. The manufactured phantom in this study showed high precision in different QC tests.

scholarly journals Portable, handheld, and affordable blood perfusion imager for screening of subsurface cancer in resource-limited settings

2022 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. e2026201119
Author(s):  
Arka Bhowmik ◽  
Biswajoy Ghosh ◽  
Mousumi Pal ◽  
Ranjan Rashmi Paul ◽  
Jyotirmoy Chatterjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Medical Image Analysis ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Noninvasive Diagnostics ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Contact Free

Precise information on localized variations in blood circulation holds the key for noninvasive diagnostics and therapeutic assessment of various forms of cancer. While thermal imaging by itself may provide significant insights on the combined implications of the relevant physiological parameters, viz. local blood perfusion and metabolic balance due to active tumors as well as the ambient conditions, knowledge of the tissue surface temperature alone may be somewhat inadequate in distinguishing between some ambiguous manifestations of precancer and cancerous lesions, resulting in compromise of the selectivity in detection. This, along with the lack of availability of a user-friendly and inexpensive portable device for thermal-image acquisition, blood perfusion mapping, and data integration acts as a deterrent against the emergence of an inexpensive, contact-free, and accurate in situ screening and diagnostic approach for cancer detection and management. Circumventing these constraints, here we report a portable noninvasive blood perfusion imager augmented with machine learning–based quantitative analytics for screening precancerous and cancerous traits in oral lesions, by probing the localized alterations in microcirculation. With a proven overall sensitivity >96.66% and specificity of 100% as compared to gold-standard biopsy-based tests, the method successfully classified oral cancer and precancer in a resource-limited clinical setting in a double-blinded patient trial and exhibited favorable predictive capabilities considering other complementary modes of medical image analysis as well. The method holds further potential to achieve contrast-free, accurate, and low-cost diagnosis of abnormal microvascular physiology and other clinically vulnerable conditions, when interpreted along with complementary clinically evidenced decision-making perspectives.

scholarly journals Smartphone-Based NFC Potentiostat for Wireless Electrochemical Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Karnpimon Krorakai ◽  
Supannika Klangphukhiew ◽  
Sirinan Kulchat ◽  
Rina Patramanon
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Electrochemical Devices ◽  
User Friendly

Most electrochemical sensing requires affordable, portable and easy-to-use electrochemical devices for use in point-of-care testing and resource-limited settings. This work presents the design and evaluates the analytical performance of a near-field communication (NFC) potentiostat, a flat card-sized electrochemical device containing a microchip for electrical analysis and an NFC antenna for smartphone connection. The NFC interface is a wireless connection between the microchip and smartphone to simplify measuring units and make the potentiostat into a passive operated device, running without a battery. The proposed potentiostat can perform the common electrochemical techniques including cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry with a current range and voltage range of ±20 µA and ±0.8 V. The performance of the NFC potentiostat is compared to a commercial benchtop potentiostat using ferricyanide as a standard solution. The results show that the NFC potentiostat is comparable to a commercial benchtop potentiostat for both cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements. The application of the proposed potentiostat is demonstrated by measuring ascorbic acid concentration. As described, the NFC potentiostat, which is compatible with a smartphone, is low-cost, small in size and user-friendly. Thus, the device can be developed for on-site measurement to apply in various fields.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Detection and Characterization of Nanoparticles with Printed Devices

Biosensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martín-Yerga
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Highly Sensitive Detection ◽  
User Friendly

Innovative methods to achieve the user-friendly, quick, and highly sensitive detection of nanomaterials are urgently needed. Nanomaterials have increased importance in commercial products, and there are concerns about the potential risk that they entail for the environment. In addition, detection of nanomaterials can be a highly valuable tool in many applications, such as biosensing. Electrochemical methods using disposable, low-cost, printed electrodes provide excellent analytical performance for the detection of a wide set of nanomaterials. In this review, the foundations and latest advances of several electrochemical strategies for the detection of nanoparticles using cost-effective printed devices are introduced. These strategies will equip the experimentalist with an extensive toolbox for the detection of nanoparticles of different chemical nature and possible applications ranging from quality control to environmental analysis and biosensing.

scholarly journals Assessment of dosimetric parameters in mammography employing a homemade ionization chamber

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Linda V. E. Caldas
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sensitive Volume ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Quality Control Program ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Breast Phantom

X-ray mammography examination is the reference tool to discover breast cancer in an early stage. The mammography unit must follow an accurate quality control program that covers both patient and staff radiation protection. Plane parallel ionization chambers are the reference instrument for dosimetry in mammography beams, but they can represent higher cost for small clinics in countries as Brazil. In this work, it is presented a low cost ionization chamber for mammography X-rays energy range dosimetry developed at IPEN.  The homemade ionization chamber has a sensitive volume of 6.0 cm3 and it was utilized to execute quality control tests in two distinct mammography systems: a GE Senographe DMR-plus and a Philips VMI Graph Mammo. The setups for the tests performed agreed with the IAEA HHS 2 and 17 recommendations. A breast phantom of various PMMA thicknesses was utilized in this work. The homemade ionization chamber performance was compared to that of a commercial one. The maximum difference between the incident air kerma measured with the reference ionization chamber and the developed one was only 5.62% for the GE equipment and only 4.42% for the Philips equipment. The homemade ionization chamber presented an excellent performance in incident air kerma and HVL measurements for the radiographic techniques utilized in the present work. All the results obtained were within IAEA specifications.

scholarly journals Quality Assurance (Qa) Dan Quality Control (Qc) Cobalt

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Dita Sofian Iramanda
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
American Association ◽  
Medical Physics

Cobalt-60 adalah instrumen radioterapi yang digunakan untuk mematikan sel tumor maupun kanker pada pasien. Untuk menjamin kualitas instrumen Cobalt, diperlukan QA (Quality Assurance) dan untuk membuktikan adanya jaminan kualitas perlu QC (Quality Control). Hal ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk memeriksa dan menguji data untuk menentukan standar dan mengecek kesesuaian produk mencapai operasi manufaktur yang maksimum atau ukuran yang diambil yaitu untuk menilai, merawat atau memperbaiki kualitas perlakuan yang diberikan. Program QA harus didasarkan pada penyelidikan menyeluruh untuk standar awal pada saat penerimaan dan commissioning peralatan untuk penggunaan klinis (AAPM, 1993a). International Electrotechnical Cornmission (IEC, 1989a, b), American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM, 1984,1993a), dan American College of Medical Physics (ACMP, 1986) menjelaskan prosedur dan kondisi untuk tes penerimaan. Salah satu rangkaian QA QC adalah kalibrasi meliputi kalibrasi harian, mingguan, bulanan dan tahunan. Kalibrasi harian, mingguan dan bulanan dilakukan oleh fisikawan medis dengan dibantu radiografer, sedangkan kalibrasi tahunan dilakukan oleh pihak BATAN.

Guideline for radioimmunotherapy of rituximab relapsed or refractory CD20+ follicular B-cell nonHodgkin´s lymphoma

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (05) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Behr ◽  
F. Grünwald ◽  
W. H. Knapp ◽  
L. Trümper ◽  
C. von Schilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Medical Physics ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Background Information ◽  
After Care ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
Work Up

Summary:This guideline is a prerequisite for the quality management in the treatment of non-Hodgkin-lymphomas using radioimmunotherapy. It is based on an interdisciplinary consensus and contains background information and definitions as well as specified indications and detailed contraindications of treatment. Essential topics are the requirements for institutions performing the therapy. For instance, presence of an expert for medical physics, intense cooperation with all colleagues committed to treatment of lymphomas, and a certificate of instruction in radiochemical labelling and quality control are required. Furthermore, it is specified which patient data have to be available prior to performance of therapy and how the treatment has to be carried out technically. Here, quality control and documentation of labelling are of greatest importance. After treatment, clinical quality control is mandatory (work-up of therapy data and follow-up of patients). Essential elements of follow-up are specified in detail. The complete treatment inclusive after-care has to be realised in close cooperation with those colleagues (haematology-oncology) who propose, in general, radioimmunotherapy under consideration of the development of the disease.

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