scholarly journals Can simple non-invasive fibrosis models determine prognostic indicators (fibrosis and treatment response) of primary biliary cholangitis?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Sayar
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals TAMI-08. A TALE OF TWO TELOMERE MAINTENANCE MECHANISMS: TERT EXPRESSION AND THE ALT PATHWAY INDUCE UNIQUE MRS-DETECTABLE METABOLIC REPROGRAMMING IN LOW-GRADE GLIOMAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii214-ii214
Author(s):  
Pavithra Viswanath ◽  
Georgios Batsios ◽  
Anne Marie Gillespie ◽  
Hema Artee Luchman ◽  
Joseph Costello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Telomere Maintenance ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tumor Proliferation ◽  
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Tert Expression

Abstract Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at chromosomal ends that shorten with cell division and constitute a natural barrier to proliferation. In order to proliferate indefinitely, all tumors require a telomere maintenance mechanism (TMM). Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression is the TMM in most tumors, including low-grade oligodendrogliomas (LGOGs). In contrast, low-grade astrocytomas (LGAs) use the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway as their TMM. As molecular hallmarks of tumor proliferation, TMMs are attractive tumor biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Non-invasive imaging of TMM status will, therefore, allow assessment of tumor proliferation and treatment response. However, translational methods of imaging TMM status are lacking. Here, we show that TERT expression and the ALT pathway are associated with unique magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-detectable metabolic reprogramming in LGOGs and LGAs respectively. In genetically-engineered and patient-derived LGOG models, TERT expression is linked to elevated 1H-MRS-detectable NAD(P)/H, glutathione, aspartate and AXP. In contrast, the ALT pathway in LGAs is associated with higher α-ketoglutarate, glutamate, alanine and AXP. Importantly, elevated flux of hyperpolarized [1-13C]-alanine to pyruvate, which depends on α-ketoglutarate, is a non-invasive in vivo imaging biomarker of the ALT pathway in LGAs while elevated flux of hyperpolarized [1-13C]-alanine to lactate, which depends on NADH, is an imaging biomarker of TERT expression in LGOGs. Mechanistically, the ALT pathway in LGAs is linked to higher glutaminase (GLS), a key enzyme for α-ketoglutarate biosynthesis while TERT expression in LGOGs is associated with elevated nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a key enzyme for NADH biosynthesis. Notably, TERT expression and the ALT pathway are linked to MRS-detectable metabolic reprogramming in LGOG and LGA patient biopsies, emphasizing the clinical validity of our observations. Collectively, we have identified unique metabolic signatures of TMM status that integrate critical oncogenic information with noninvasive imaging modalities that can improve diagnosis and treatment response monitoring for LGOG and LGA patients.

scholarly journals Prognostic Factors in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Retrospective Study of Joint Slovak and Croatian Cohort of 249 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Jakub Gazda ◽  
Sylvia Drazilova ◽  
Martin Janicko ◽  
Ivica Grgurevic ◽  
Tajana Filipec Kanizaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Liver Decompensation ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Therapy Treatment

Objective: To identify pretreatment laboratory parameters associated with treatment response and to describe the relationship between treatment response and liver decompensation in patients with primary biliary cholangitis treated with ursodeoxycholic acid. Methods: We defined treatment response as both ALP ≤ 1.67 × ULN and total bilirubin ≤ 2 × ULN. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to adjust for confounding effects of sociodemographic variables. Results: Pretreatment total bilirubin ((TB); OR = 0.3388, 95%CI = 0.1671–0.6077), ALT (OR = 0.5306, 95%CI = 0.3830–0.7080), AST (OR = 0.4065, 95%CI = 0.2690–0.5834), ALP (OR = 0.3440, 95%CI = 0.2356–0.4723), total cholesterol ((TC); OR = 0.7730, 95%CI = 0.6242–0.9271), APRI (OR = 0.3375, 95%CI = 0.1833–0.5774), as well as pretreatment albumin (OR = 1.1612, 95%CI = 1.0706–1.2688) and ALT/ALP (OR = 2.4596, 95%CI = 1.2095–5.5472) were associated with treatment response after six months of treatment. Pretreatment TB (OR = 0.2777, 95%CI = 0.1288–0.5228), ALT (OR = 0.5968, 95%CI = 0.4354–0.7963), AST (OR = 0.4161, 95%CI = 0.2736–0.6076), ALP (OR = 0.4676, 95%CI = 0.3487–0.6048), APRI (OR = 0.2838, 95%CI = 0.1433–0.5141), as well as pretreatment albumin (OR = 1.2359, 95%CI = 1.1257–1.3714) and platelet count (OR = 1.0056, 95%CI = 1.0011–1.0103) were associated with treatment response after 12 months of treatment. Treatment response after 6 months of UDCA therapy is significantly associated with treatment response after 12 months of UDCA therapy (OR = 25.2976, 95% CI = 10.5881–68.4917). Treatment responses after 6 and 12 months of UDCA therapy decrease the risk of an episode of liver decompensation in PBC patients (OR = 12.1156, 95%CI = 3.7192–54.4826 and OR = 21.6000, 95%CI = 6.6319–97.3840, respectively). Conclusions: There are several pretreatment laboratory parameters associated with treatment response in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Treatment response after six months is significantly associated with treatment response after 12 months of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy. Treatment responses after 6 and 12 months of UDCA decrease the risk of an episode of liver decompensation.

NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSIS AND FOLLOW-UP OF PRIMARY BILIARY CHOLANGITIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 101770
Author(s):  
Christophe Corpechot ◽  
Alexandra Heurgue ◽  
Marie Decraecker ◽  
Florence Tanne ◽  
Pascal Potier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Non Invasive

Emerging Technologies for Non-invasive Monitoring of Treatment Response to Immunotherapy for Brain Tumors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Mathios ◽  
Siddhartha Srivastava ◽  
Timothy Kim ◽  
Chetan Bettegowda ◽  
Michael Lim
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Invasive Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive

Durability of treatment response after 1 year of therapy with seladelpar in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC): final results of an international phase 2 study

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. S464-S465
Author(s):  
Cynthia Levy ◽  
Christopher Bowlus ◽  
Guy Neff ◽  
Mark G. Swain ◽  
Galambos Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 2 Study

Prognostic Indicators of Treatment Response for Adults with Anxiety

2013 ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Amanda R. Mathew ◽  
Lance D. Chamberlain ◽  
Derek D. Szafranski ◽  
Angela H. Smith ◽  
Peter J. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Prognostic Indicators

scholarly journals Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Surveillance: A Comprehensive Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Batista ◽  
Nuno Vinagre ◽  
Sara Meireles ◽  
João Vinagre ◽  
Hugo Prazeres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Molecular Biomarkers ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Response Monitoring ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Non Invasive

Bladder cancer (BC) ranks as the sixth most prevalent cancer in the world, with a steady rise in its incidence and prevalence, and is accompanied by a high morbidity and mortality. BC is a complex disease with several molecular and pathological pathways, thus reflecting different behaviors depending on the clinical staging of the tumor and molecular type. Diagnosis and monitoring of BC is mainly performed by invasive tests, namely periodic cystoscopies; this procedure, although a reliable method, is highly uncomfortable for the patient and it is not exempt of comorbidities. Currently, there is no formal indication for the use of molecular biomarkers in clinical practice, even though there are several tests available. There is an imperative need for a clinical non-invasive testing for early detection, disease monitoring, and treatment response in BC. In this review, we aim to assess and compare different tests based on molecular biomarkers and evaluate their potential role as new molecules for bladder cancer diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment response monitoring.

Establishing Reliability Criteria for Liver ElastPQ Shear Wave Elastography (ElastPQ-SWE): Comparison Between 10, 5 and 3 Measurements

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Roccarina ◽  
Laura Iogna Prat ◽  
Elena Buzzetti ◽  
Marta Guerrero Misas ◽  
Francesco Marcello Aricó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
Quality Criterion ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Purpose ElastPQ is a new elastography technique for non-invasive liver fibrosis staging. However, it does not have validated reliability criteria. We tested the reliability of a different number of measurements in patients with chronic liver disease and explored whether the application of quality criteria improves the diagnostic performance. Materials and Methods All patients underwent liver stiffness assessment (LSM) with ElastPQ and Fibroscan (F-TE). The mean, median, standard deviation (SD) and interquartile range (IQR) of 10, 5 and 3 measurements were retrospectively collected for each patient and compared to each other. Liver histology was available in a subset of patients. Results Overall, 400 patients met the inclusion criteria. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was the most represented etiology (75 %), followed by primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The correlation of medians was significantly better between 10 and 5 measurements than between 10 and 3. The difference of medians was significant only in the comparison between 10 and 3 measurements. The correlation between ElastPQ and F-TE was equally good for 10 and 5 measurements and significantly improved after an IQR/median ≤ 30 % was applied. The diagnostic performance of ElastPQ was better with the median value of 10 and 5 measurements and improved if LSM values were obtained with IQR/M ≤ 30 %. Conclusion The median value of 5 valid LSMs suffices for the reliable estimation of liver stiffness using ElastPQ. The quality criterion of IQR/M ≤ 30 % should also be followed when using this technique.

scholarly journals 3D Non-Local Neural Network: A Non-Invasive Biomarker for Immunotherapy Treatment Outcome Prediction. Case-Study: Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Francesco Rundo ◽  
Giuseppe Luigi Banna ◽  
Luca Prezzavento ◽  
Francesca Trenta ◽  
Sabrina Conoci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Clinical Dataset ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Response Biomarker ◽  
Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Non Local

Immunotherapy is regarded as one of the most significant breakthroughs in cancer treatment. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of patients respond properly to the treatment. Moreover, to date, there are no efficient bio-markers able to early discriminate the patients eligible for this treatment. In order to help overcome these limitations, an innovative non-invasive deep pipeline, integrating Computed Tomography (CT) imaging, is investigated for the prediction of a response to immunotherapy treatment. We report preliminary results collected as part of a case study in which we validated the implemented method on a clinical dataset of patients affected by Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma. The proposed pipeline aims to discriminate patients with high chances of response from those with disease progression. Specifically, the authors propose ad-hoc 3D Deep Networks integrating Self-Attention mechanisms in order to estimate the immunotherapy treatment response from CT-scan images and such hemato-chemical data of the patients. The performance evaluation (average accuracy close to 92%) confirms the effectiveness of the proposed approach as an immunotherapy treatment response biomarker.

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