scholarly journals A difficult history of light. About metaphysical ideas of “light writing” formulated before the birth of photography

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (39) ◽  
pp. 281-295
Author(s):  
Piotr Zawojski
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Digital Form ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Marsilio Ficino ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Texts ◽  
Philosophical Writings ◽  
History And Theory

The reflections presented in this article are devoted to Junko Theresa Mikuriya’s book, A History of Light. The Idea of Photography. It is a unique view on the search for pre-photographic origins of photography in the field of philosophical writings ranging from Plato, through the neoplatonic philosopher Jamblich’s enquiry, to the texts by Philotheus of Batos and by an early Renaissance philosopher, Marsilio Ficino. When thinking about metaphysics present in (moving and still) images, one should not forget about the metaphysics of the image itself. The idea of photography – regardless of whether we are witnessing a fundamental change in an ontological transition from an analogue to a digital form of image recording – obliges us to discuss the “history of light”, as this is what Mikuriya does. While locating the discussed concepts in the context of the history and theory of photography, as well as the archaeology of media, the author of this essay engages in a dialogue with Mikuriya and polemically discusses many of her hypotheses. Key concepts such as chalepon, photagogia, triton genos, phôteinographeisthai are analysed in order to indicate inspiring moments in the Mikuriya’s reflections, but also a kind of interpretive abuse in the process of reading and analysing philosophical texts addressing the issues of light.

The Life of Texts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiene Brillenburg Wurth ◽  
Ann Rigney
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
Digital Form ◽  
Postcolonial Criticism ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Language Areas

This innovative introduction to literary studies takes 'the life of texts' as its overarching frame. It provides a conceptual and methodological toolbox for analysing novels, poems, and all sorts of other texts as they circulate in oral, print, and digital form. It shows how texts inspire each other, and how stories migrate across media. It explains why literature has been interpreted in different ways across time. Finally, it asks why some texts fascinate people so much that they are reproduced and passed on to others in the form of new editions, in adaptations to film and theatre, and, last but not least, in the ways we look at the world and act out our lives. The Life of Texts is designed around particular issues rather than the history of the discipline as such. Each chapter concentrates on a different aspect of 'the life of texts' and introduces the key debates and concepts relevant to its study. The issues discussed range from aesthetics and narrative to intertextuality and intermediality, from reading practices to hermeneutics and semiotics, popular culture to literary canonisation, postcolonial criticism to cultural memory. Key concepts and schools in the field have been highlighted in the text and then collected in a glossary for ease of reference. All chapters are richly illustrated with examples from different language areas.

The Problem of the Formation of Philosophical Prose in Persian

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
Tatyana G. Korneeva
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Texts

The article discusses the problem of the formation of philosophical prose in the Persian language. The first section presents a brief excursion into the history of philosophical prose in Persian and the stages of formation of modern Persian as a language of science and philosophy. In the Arab-Muslim philosophical tradition, representatives of various schools and trends contributed to the development of philosophical terminology in Farsi. The author dwells on the works of such philosophers as Ibn Sīnā, Nāṣir Khusraw, Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, Aḥmad al-Ghazālī, ʼAbū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī and gives an overview of their works written in Persian. The second section poses the question whether the Persian language proved able to compete with the Arabic language in the field of science. The author examines the style of philosophical prose in Farsi, considering the causes of creation of Persian-language philosophical texts and defining their target audience. The article presents viewpoints of modern orientalist researchers as well as the views of medieval philosophers who wrote in Persian. We find that most philosophical texts in Persian were written for a public who had little or no knowledge of the Arabic language, yet wanted to get acquainted with current philosophical and religious doctrines, albeit in an abbreviated format. The conclusion summarizes and presents two positions regarding the necessity of writing philosophical prose in Persian. According to one point of view, Persian-language philosophical works helped people who did not speak Arabic to get acquainted with the concepts and views of contemporary philosophy. According to an alternative view, there was no special need to compose philosophical texts in Persian, because the corpus of Arabic philosophical terminology had already been formed, and these Arabic terms were widely and successfully used, while the new Persian philosophical vocabulary was difficult to understand.

Tradition and Innovation in Cataloguing Medieval Manuscripts

2021 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-58
Author(s):  
Orietta Da Rold
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Digital Form ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Medieval Manuscripts ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Training

Abstract In this essay, I offer a brief history of manuscript cataloguing and some observations on the innovations this practice introduced especially in the digital form. This history reveals that as the cataloguing of medieval manuscripts developed over time, so did the research needs it served. What was often considered traditional cataloguing practices had to be mediated to accommodate new scholarly advance, posing interesting questions, for example, on what new technologies can bring to this discussion. In the digital age, in particular, how do digital catalogues interact with their analogue counterparts? What skills and training are required of scholars interacting with this new technology? To this end, I will consider the importance of the digital environment to enable a more flexible approach to cataloguing. I will also discuss new insights into digital projects, especially the experience accrued by the The Production and Use of English Manuscripts 1060 to 1220 Project, and then propose that in the future cataloguing should be adaptable and shareable, and make full use of the different approaches to manuscripts generated by collaboration between scholars and librarians or the work of postgraduate students and early career researchers.

scholarly journals Origins: Colonies and Statistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-754
Author(s):  
Barbara Arneil
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
English Language ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Mass Survey ◽  
Waste Land ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
History Of

AbstractIn this address, I examine the lexical, geographic, temporal and philosophical origins of two key concepts in modern political thought: colonies and statistics. Beginning with the Latin word colonia, I argue that the modern ideology of settler colonialism is anchored in the claim of “improvement” of both people and land via agrarian labour in John Locke's labour theory of property in seventeenth-century America, through which he sought to provide an ideological justification for both the assimilation and dispossession of Indigenous peoples. This same ideology of colonialism was turned inward a century later by Sir John Sinclair to justify domestic colonies on “waste” land in Scotland—specifically Caithness (the county within which my own grandparents were tenant farmers). Domestic colonialism understood as “improvement” of people (the “idle” poor and mentally ill and disabled) through engagement in agrarian labour on waste land inside explicitly named colonies within the borders of one's own country was first championed not only by Sinclair but also his famous correspondent, Jeremy Bentham, in England. Sinclair simultaneously coined the word statistics and was the first to use it in the English language. He defined it as the scientific gathering of mass survey data to shape state policies. Bentham embraced statistics as well. In both cases, statistics were developed and deployed to support their domestic colony schemes by creating a benchmark and roadmap for the improvement of people and land as well as a tool to measure the colony's capacity to achieve both over time. I conclude that settler colonialism along with the intertwined origins of domestic colonies and statistics have important implications for the study of political science in Canada, the history of colonialism as distinct from imperialism in modern political thought and the role played by intersecting colonialisms in the Canadian polity.

scholarly journals Cosmovivencia Andina. Vivir y convivir en armonía integral – Suma Qamaña

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simón Yampara Huarachi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
History Of

En este trabajo se discuten conceptos claves para la comprensión de la epistemología aymara como parte de un proceso de descolonización que afecta en igual medida a la cultura, la política, la economía y la historia de Bolivia.  El marco en que se realiza la discusión de estas materias (un evento académico en Estados Unidos) obliga además a debatir la naturaleza epistemológica de las relaciones Sur-Norte.This work discusses key concepts for the understanding of an Aymara epistemology as part of a decolonization process that equally affects the culture, politics, economy and the history of Bolivia. The frame in which the discussion of these matters takes place (an academic event in the United States) opens up a  debate on the epistemological nature of the relations South-North. 

Xavier Zubiri’s Metaphysics: Eternal Search Between God and Human

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-148
Author(s):  
Yana I. Amelina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Concepts ◽  
History Of

The article is a foreword to the translation of the chapter of the book The Struc­ture of Metaphysics of the Spanish thinker Xavier Zubiri, which was published in 2016. The foreword gives a brief excursion into the publication of this book, which includes both lectures on the structure of metaphysics in 1969 and the philosopher’s manuscript with the same name written a decade later. The struc­ture of metaphysics is fundamentally important for understanding the evolution of Zubiri’s ideas, and it will also be useful to everyone is interested in the history of Western metaphysics, which Zubiri skillfully expounds here from Aristotle to Hegel with an emphasis on the concept of the transcendental. The foreword also gives a short explication of the key concepts of Xavier Zubiri’s philosophy such as: reality, intelligence, essence, time and other concepts, which are necessary to understand the personal position of the philosopher.

A Model for Studying Socio-political Key Concepts in the History of Contemporary Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-99
Author(s):  
Sima Hassandokht Firooz ◽  
AmirAli Nojoumian ◽  
Negar Davari Ardakani
Keyword(s):  
Key Concepts ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals On New Paths for the Exploration of the Armenian Art

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levon Chookaszian
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
State University ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
History And Theory

During the last centuries, numerous books and papers were published on Armenian art in different collections of the world. Still there is an ocean of work to do in this field to fill in the gaps of the history of Armenian art. The members of the Chair of Armenian Art History and Theory at Yerevan State University were the first to carry out a systematic work in Romania in 2011-2017 and Iran in 2015-2019 exploring the Armenian miniatures, icons, wall paintings, silverwork, textiles etc. The results of this work were presented as papers during the conferences and published as articles.

scholarly journals Department of history and theory of art of the Lviv national Academy of arts: the role of academician of the Yakym Zapasko in the creation of the Department of history of art and the dissertation Council, history, achievements, perspectives

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-18
Author(s):  
Halyna Stelmashchuk
Keyword(s):  
Graduate School ◽  
School Graduate ◽  
Graduate Department ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Dissertation Committee ◽  
History And Theory

The article is devoted to the history, achievements and prospects of the Department of history and theory of arts of Lviv National Academy of Arts. Emphasis is placed on the role of the doctor of arts, Professor, academician of Yakуm Zapasko in the creation of the graduate school, graduate Department of Historу and Theory of Art and the dissertation Committee LNAM. The publication has an informative value.

scholarly journals Business Enterprise and Globalization: Towards a Transnational Business History

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marten Boon
Keyword(s):  
Transnational History ◽  
Business History ◽  
Business Enterprise ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Agendas ◽  
New Research

Transnational history emerged strongly as globalization intensified in the 1990s, questioning national historiographies and creating new research agendas. Business history has not been part of this, but recent calls within the field to engage more visibly and authoritatively with debates on the history of globalization warrant a closer inspection of transnational history. The article draws on key concepts from transnational history and discusses their application in the work of, among others, Sven Beckert, Jessica Lepler, Stephanie Decker, Ray Stokes, and Michael Miller. The article argues that transnational history provides opportunities to increase business history's engagement with the history of globalization.

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