The Problem of the Formation of Philosophical Prose in Persian

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
Tatyana G. Korneeva
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Texts

The article discusses the problem of the formation of philosophical prose in the Persian language. The first section presents a brief excursion into the history of philosophical prose in Persian and the stages of formation of modern Persian as a language of science and philosophy. In the Arab-Muslim philosophical tradition, representatives of various schools and trends contributed to the development of philosophical terminology in Farsi. The author dwells on the works of such philosophers as Ibn Sīnā, Nāṣir Khusraw, Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, Aḥmad al-Ghazālī, ʼAbū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī and gives an overview of their works written in Persian. The second section poses the question whether the Persian language proved able to compete with the Arabic language in the field of science. The author examines the style of philosophical prose in Farsi, considering the causes of creation of Persian-language philosophical texts and defining their target audience. The article presents viewpoints of modern orientalist researchers as well as the views of medieval philosophers who wrote in Persian. We find that most philosophical texts in Persian were written for a public who had little or no knowledge of the Arabic language, yet wanted to get acquainted with current philosophical and religious doctrines, albeit in an abbreviated format. The conclusion summarizes and presents two positions regarding the necessity of writing philosophical prose in Persian. According to one point of view, Persian-language philosophical works helped people who did not speak Arabic to get acquainted with the concepts and views of contemporary philosophy. According to an alternative view, there was no special need to compose philosophical texts in Persian, because the corpus of Arabic philosophical terminology had already been formed, and these Arabic terms were widely and successfully used, while the new Persian philosophical vocabulary was difficult to understand.

scholarly journals ‘The Samaritan Hexameron’ as an Arab-Muslim Anthropological Manifesto: Reading of the first Chapters of Ṣadaqah al-Ḥakīm’s Commentary on Genesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-194
Author(s):  
F. O. Nofal
Keyword(s):  
Middle Age ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Arab Culture ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The offered to the reader article analyzes the first chapters of monumental commentary by Ṣadaqah b. Munajjā al-Ḥakīm on Genesis (XIII c.). On the base of the conducted analysis of the Middle Age Arab-speaking theologian, philosopher and doctor, the author comes to the conclusion that Samaritan thought depends on the most important achievements of Muslim one — especially, on Mu‘talizi and peripatetic natural- philosophical and metaphysical theories that don’t become less of an issue until the decline of classical era of Arab culture. For the first time in the history of orientalism it is shown that the basic principles of anthropological theories by al- Hakim retroduce the conceptions by Mu‘tazili Mu‘ammar ibn ‘Abbād alSulamī, faylasuf al- Kindī and ‘the Main Sheikh’, Ibn Sīnā. Separately is observed the connection between the ‘Hexameron’ by Ṣadaqah and works by other Samaritan theologians: the author notices that some particular anthropological notes by the theologian made a basis for an unpublished commentary by Muslim ibn Murjān and Ibrāhīm al-‘Ayyah (XVIII c.) on ‘Grizim’s’ Pentateuch. The conclusion of the work is dedicated to the general eclectic character of early and late exegetic tradition of Samaritan who accepted Muslim study of God and human as the most important for them.

scholarly journals Political and legal tradition of the East: the problem of understanding

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Irina Lomakina
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
History Of ◽  
Imminent Death ◽  
Material Conditions

The article deals with the complex legal tradition (the tradition of traditions) of the East determining the ways of civilizational development of all non-European peoples being involved in the non-Western cultural ecumene. It is noted that the complex Eastern legal tradition has received an ambiguous assessment in the theoretical and legal discourse. Its various interpretations being repletet with negative connotations are largely associated with ideological preferences stemming from the liberal idea that there is no law in the East, and Eastern despotism has preserved political culture for many years making it an appendage of totalitarian statehood. Ideological cliches are repeated from one textbook to another, they are met in a range of monographs on foreign history and the history of political and legal thought. This article provides an alternative view on the understanding of Eastern statehood with its attributes of “duty”, “responsibility”, “collectivism” having become fundamental staples of the Eastern complex legal tradition. It is noted that the material conditions of social life and the mentality projected on the state-legal life have created a special type of public administration, which contrary to forecasts of an “imminent death”, shows miracles of vitality to this day. The article describes in sufficient detail the Confucian doctrine with its non-legal from the point of view of Western culture methods of education and edification, which in fact became a prologue to the communitarian projects of the future. The article proves that the study of the fundamental provisions of the Eastern tradition makes it possible to question the established narratives that “the past of the West is in the East” and “the East is the resource margin of the advanced world”. The modern world is multi-faceted, so understanding the Eastern complex legal tradition gives reason to better understand yourself through the prism of another. Therefore, the article actualizes the understanding that the Eastern type of legal tradition has an internal logic of development and this type is neither better nor worse than the Western one.

Poststructuralist Deconstruction of Meaning as a Challenge to the Discourse of Theism

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Janusz Salamon
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Western Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Philosophical Texts ◽  
Concept Of Truth ◽  
The One ◽  
Large Scale Project

Although it became customary to warn against confusing postmodernism with deconstructionism (deconstructionism having narrower focus), it seems plausible to suggest that their central agendas are not dissimilar. Moreover, from the philosophical point of view, it is the idea of the 'deconstruction of meaning' that can be said to constitute the foundation of postmodernism understood here as an intellectual movement. It is true that grounded in the  poststructuralist language analysis, deconstructionism seeks primarily to challenge the attempts inherent in the Western philosophical tradition to establish ultimate meaning in a text. However, as one might have anticipated, the deconstruction of meaning of texts (especially philosophical texts) provided a basis for a large scale project leading to deconstruction of all 'truths', as conceived in the mainstream philosophical tradition. And it did it by questioning the coherence of the very concept of 'truth'. Eclectic as postmodernism is, it can be recognized by the fundamental assumption (with a clearly deconstructionist overtones) that there is no common denominator (like 'nature', 'truth' or 'God') that guarantees the one-ness of the world, or the possibility of objective or neutral thought. This assumption would suffice to make one expect that postmodernism will challenge the very foundations of any metaphysical or religious system of beliefs. And so it does. In this paper I would like to ellucidate just one way this challange may be construed, poiting to the example of Don Cupitt, the leading exponent of the 'antirealist' critique of the discourse of theism.

scholarly journals علم النحو تاريخ النشأة و أشهر النحاة

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Hindun Hindun
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
History Of

The science of grammar is one of the highest sciences and the most beneficial. It has a strong relationship and connection to learning Arabic language skills. To make it easier to learn and understand grammar without much difficulty is to know and learn its history. When a student has studied its history, it becomes easier for him to learn hard and many rules are hidden for him. From this point of view, the researcher tried to clarify the history of grammar and what transforms what grammar is, the reason for its inception, its setting, and a simple explanation of the emergence of grammar and the history of the most famous grammarians. The approach followed is the descriptive and analytical approach and the most important results of the research are: First, the reason for the emergence of grammar is the spread of melody and errors in pronunciation in general and the pronunciation of the Qur’an in particular, secondly the emergence of grammar is four phases, thirdly the two famous doctrines are Kufa and Basra   Keywords: Syntax, history, emergence

scholarly journals PERAN BAHASA ARAB DALAM PENGEMBANGAN ILMU DAN PERADABAN ISLAM

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taufiq Anshori
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamic Civilization

AbstractThis study aims to clarify the role of the Arabic language in advancing science and Islamic civilization through a library study of the history of the Arabic language a long the ages. The approach used to analyze the data of Arabic language development is historical approach combined with content analysis approach. The study has come to the conclusion that there are ive important roles of Arabic language. Firstly, it served as the language of the union among the people and the Arab tribes. Secondly, Arabic preserved the richness of local Arabic cultures through all times. Thirdly, Arabic used as a media for educational and scienti ic study, possitioning it as the language of science and technology. Fourthly, Arabic is as a tool of communication among the people and tribes and generations. Fifthly, Arabic is accepted as a standardized language for Islamic knowledge and modern sciences.

scholarly journals PERAN BAHASA ARAB DALAM PENGEMBANGAN ILMU DAN PERADABAN ISLAM DI MASA DAULAH ABBASIYAH (Studi Literatur)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Asni Furoidah
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamic Civilization

This study aims to clarify the role of the Arabic language in advancing science and Islamic civilization through a library study of the history of the Arabic language a long the ages. The approach used to analyze the data of Arabic language development is historical approach combined with content analysis approach. The study has come to the conclusion that there are five important roles of Arabic language. Firstly, it served as the language of the union among the people and the Arab tribes. Secondly, Arabic preserved the richness of local Arabic cultures through all times. Thirdly, Arabic used as a media for educational and scientific study, possitioning it as the language of science and technology. Fourthly, Arabic is as a tool of communication among the people and tribes and generations. Fifthly, Arabic is accepted as a standardized language for Islamic knowledge and modern sciences.

scholarly journals The Problem of Temporality in the Architectural Heritage

Discourse ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
A. V. Yurieva
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Texts

Introduction. As a spatial art, architecture is related to the past, the present and, thanks to its monumentality, is fixed in the foreseeable future. As the history of the study of the categories of space and time in the history of philosophy and science shows us, it is possible to obtain significant results only in the process of their synthetic study. In contemporary studies on the philosophy of architecture we most often encounter close attention to the category of space, which is quite natural. However, the category of temporality is no less important for understanding the architectural heritage.Methodology and sources. The methodological basis of the work is historical, cultural, and semiotic analysis. The main approach is interdisciplinary. The sources used were philosophical  texts  related  to  the  problem  of  time  (P. P.  Gaidenko,  V. I.  Ukolova, A. Ya. Gurevich, A. N. Loy, K. N. Pavlyuts, V. N. Finogentov), theoretical works on architecture (A. V. Nekrasov, K. Nornberg-Schultz, N. A. Ladovsky, Z. Gidion, A. Rappoport), as well as materials in which architects reveal the essence and specifics of their professional activities (R. Bofill, D. Libeskind).Results and discussion. In philosophy, temporality is understood as a collective concept that includes several components. The results of the study are the following conclusions: for the perception of architectural space, the temporal characteristics of both the object and the subject are important; the concept of historical memory contained in the heritage of architecture must be approached as carefully as possible; in temple architecture, through the stability of spatial solutions, the temporal characteristics of the object are preserved; at transitional moments of time, there is often a change in style and its temporal characteristics.Conclusion. Along with the category of space, the category of time in architecture is essential, and should not be of secondary importance in the analysis, development, renovation or preservation of any buildings. The history of architecture shows us the depth and complexity of the category of temporality at different levels. It turns out to be promising to study this problem in an interdisciplinary approach, since it is no longer enough to research it only from the point of view of objectively real forms of existence of matter. There is a need to consider it from the point of view of philosophical and socio-cultural interpretation.

Feminist Criticisms and Reinterpretations of Hegel

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-109
Author(s):  
Alison Stone
Keyword(s):  
Social Situation ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
The Third ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Texts

In 1970, the Italian feminist Carla Lonzi published her now-classic polemic urging women to “spit on Hegel”. Disregarding her advice, many subsequent feminist theorists and philosophers have engaged substantially with Hegel's thought, and a wide variety of feminist readings of Hegel have sprung up. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of these different feminist criticisms and interpretations of Hegel. In introducing these various interpretations, I will show how they reflect a range of divergent feminist approaches to the history of philosophy as a whole. My aim is not only to describe but also to evaluate these approaches, with respect to their capacity to generate insightful and productive readings of Hegel's philosophy. I shall argue that what I will call the “essentialist” feminist approach to Hegel is the most fruitful, doing most to illuminate the contours of his thought and to open up new and creative ways of reading his works.To anticipate, in surveying the various feminist interpretations of Hegel, I will classify them as reflecting four different types of feminist approach to the history of philosophy. The first, “extensionist” approach draws upon the history of philosophy for conceptual resources to understand and explain women's social situation. The second approach is more critical, tracing the pervasiveness of “masculinist” assumptions and biases in the history of philosophy. To call views “masculinist” is to say that they uphold systematic and hierarchical contrasts between masculinity and femininity, contrasts which need not be explicit but may be sustained through contrasts between other ostensibly neutral concepts which actually have tacit gender connotations. This critical approach generates an overwhelmingly negative picture of the philosophical tradition. The third, “essentialist” approach complicates this picture, recovering and highlighting the strands within historical texts which revalorise concepts or items that are given feminine connotations. These often overlooked strands oppose the dominant masculinist tendencies in texts by assigning equal importance and value to “symbolically feminine” concepts. However, proponents of the fourth, “deconstructive” approach object that essentialist readings of philosophical texts accept and reinforce patterns of gender symbolism which feminists ought to challenge. Deconstructive feminists seek to expose and exacerbate the instability within these patterns of gender symbolism by tracing how philosophical texts continuously undermine the gender contrasts present within them.

Perspectives of Reforming the System of Interbudget Relations in Russia (in the Light of the International Experience)

2006 ◽  
pp. 112-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nazarov
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Short History ◽  
History Of

The attempts to reconstruct the instruments of interbudget relations take place in all federations. In Russia such attempts are especially popular due to the short history of intergovernmental relations. Thus the review of the ¬international experience of managing interbudget relations to provide economic and social welfare can be useful for present-day Russia. The author develops models of intergovernmental relations from the point of view of making decisions about budget authorities’ distribution. The models that can be better applied in the Russian case are demonstrated.

Beérkezett könyvek

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-770
Author(s):  
Csaba Pléh
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
New Science ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Oxford University Press

Danziger, Kurt: Marking the mind. A history of memory . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008Farkas, Katalin: The subject’s point of view. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008MosoninéFriedJudités TolnaiMárton(szerk.): Tudomány és politika. Typotex, Budapest, 2008Iacobini, Marco: Mirroring people. The new science of how we connect with others. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 2008Changeux, Jean-Pierre. Du vrai, du beau, du bien.Une nouvelle approche neuronale. Odile Jacob, PárizsGazzaniga_n

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