scholarly journals Williama Goldinga Siłą bezwładu w perspektywie ontologii zorientowanej na przedmiot

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-123
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kowalcze
Keyword(s):  
Object Oriented ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Real Object ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
The Real ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Main Protagonist ◽  
Object Oriented Ontology

The paper applies selected devices of the methodology of Object-Oriented Ontology to study William Golding’s novel Free Fall. Particular attention is given to Graham Harman’s project, whose definition of an object accounts for all beings, humans included. Within the ontological structure of an object two components can be distinguished: the “sensual object”, which can engage in relationships with other objects, and the “real object”, which refrains from any connections. The author aims to show how the main protagonist of Golding’s novel is impacted on by material objects, how other humans are perceived by him as inherently dual beings, but most importantly how the protagonist himself discovers the thing-like quality of his own human condition.

Realism and Materialism

2018 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Thomas Nail
Keyword(s):  
Object Oriented ◽  
Transcendental Idealism ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
The Real ◽  
Transcendental Realism ◽  
Object Oriented Ontology

This chapter lays out a methodology of transcendental realism and new materialism based on motion. Transcendental realism is the study of the real minimal ontological conditions for the actual emergence of the historical present. The purpose of this method is to give a description of what previous being must at least be like given that it appears as it does today: in motion. The chapter offers critiques of constructivism, empiricism, metaphysics, and transcendental idealism. It also offers a critique of vitalist new materialism, negative materialism, object-oriented ontology, formalism, and all ahistorical methods of thinking about matter and materialism. It concludes with a theory of “process materialism.”

scholarly journals Encountering Worlds: Performing In/As Philosophy in the Ecological Age

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
João Florêncio
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Object Oriented Ontology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geological Formations

Within the context of the ‘Anthropocene’, the current geological epoch marked by the impact of human activity on terrestrial ecosystems and geological formations, this article considers the ways in which the ecological blurring of boundaries between ‘Nature’ and ‘Culture’ might affect existing ontologies of performance. Departing from Richard Bauman’s definition of performance as both communication and enactment, we will use the postulates of Graham Harman’s Object-Oriented Ontology to speculate on what performance might mean beyond the human/nonhuman divide.  Ultimately, it will be claimed, performance, understood as both enactment and unveiling, is at the core of all encounters between all bodies and irrespective of their perceived nature. As a result, the world must once again be thought as theatrum mundi, as a stage where bodies always encounter one another through the contingency of the personae they play, personae that nonetheless are unable to exhaust the full being of the bodies behind them.

scholarly journals Living and Nonliving Occasionalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Weir
Keyword(s):  
Object Oriented ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Real Object ◽  
Virtual Particles ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Object Oriented Ontology

AbstractGraham Harman’s Object-Oriented Ontology has employed a variant of occasionalist causation since 2002, with sensual objects acting as the mediators of causation between real objects. While the mechanism for living beings creating sensual objects is clear, how nonliving objects generate sensual objects is not. This essay sets out an interpretation of occasionalism where the mediating agency of nonliving contact is the virtual particles of nominally empty space. Since living, conscious, real objects need to hold sensual objects as sub-components, but nonliving objects do not, this leads to an explanation of why consciousness, in Object-Oriented Ontology, might be described as doubly withdrawn: a sensual sub-component of a withdrawn real object.

scholarly journals MAIN DIRECTLY INTERACTIONS IN THE REAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMIC AND BANKING SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Sarancha
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
The Real ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Definition Of

The relevance of the article is due to the need to ensure economic growth through the search for new approaches in regulating the interaction of financial and real sectors of the economy. The need to develop such approaches is due to the need for significant investment to ensure the creation of new, expansion and modernization of existing industries and the development of both industrial and social infrastructure. Relevance has determined the purpose of the article, which is to further develop approaches to strategic management of the interaction of the real sector of the economy and the banking system, to determine the main directions of interaction between the banking system and the real sector. The system of relations between enterprises and banks is considered. Namely: between the bank as an intermediary and the enterprise; between the enterprise and the bank within various integrated business groups; between the enterprise and the bank as a producer of financial products and services; between the enterprise and the bank as an agent; between the enterprise and the bank as a growth multiplier; between the enterprise and the bank as a financial corporation that provides optimization between consumption and accumulation. Determining the features of such relations allowed to form approaches to the development of strategy for managing the system of relations between enterprises and banks, due to the general patterns of development. Positive feedback is shown as a condition for the development of the real sector of the economy and the banking system. The general statement of a strategic task of management of system of such mutual relations on the basis of definition of the purpose in the form of some functional E (the purpose) and quality of management is formulated. It is noted that a pre-formulated development strategy and planned indicators should be chosen as a planned benchmark for development. The scientific novelty is due to the systematization and generalization of the features of the system of relations between enterprises and banks at the present stage in order to develop a strategy for managing the system of relations between enterprises and banks. Conclusions are made on the complexity of the financial and economic system, the multi-purpose nature of its functioning and the need to use strategic management to ensure the long-term development of such systems and the economy as a whole.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Urban Cycle Lanes: From Dyscrasias to Potential Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2321
Author(s):  
Romano Fistola ◽  
Mariano Gallo ◽  
Rosa Anna La Rocca ◽  
Francesca Russo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
The Real ◽  
Global Quality ◽  
Major Attention ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Urban Cycle

This paper studies the effectiveness of urban cycle lanes, with cycling being one of the most common practices for promoting sustainable mobility in urban areas. Despite a growing interest, the use of cycling in Italian cities has not gained a large consensus yet. Nevertheless, the presence and the extension of cycle lanes are considered as quantitative indicators for measuring the livability of cities. Actually, the lack in assessing the global quality of cycle networks asks for a major attention in the definition of these indicators. Starting from these considerations, the present study tries to propose a different approach to assess the real effectiveness of an urban cycle network. By defining some typological clusters of anomalies (dyscrasias) that can impede a safe and comfortable use of bicycles, the study achieves the definition of a method to evaluate the real effectiveness of an urban cycle lane. The case study of Naples represents a first trial both to check the method and to assess the state of the existing urban lane in order to verify its effectiveness.

Alles Fake, reine Konstruktion. Oder?

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Nadine Bieker
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Real ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
Oder Nicht ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ontological Uncertainty

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below] Im Strukturalismus wird Literatur verstanden als ein sekundäres modellbildendes System (vgl. Titzmann 1977, S. 69). Sekundär bedeutet, dass Literatur ein neues zeichentheoretisches System konstituiert, in dem die Signifikate der normalsprachlichen Zeichen eine neue Bedeutung bekommen; der Text erschafft folglich das Modell einer Welt und entspricht demnach nicht nur nicht der Realität, sondern soll es auch erst gar nicht (vgl. ebd., S. 65– 85). Dieses erschaffene Modell einer Welt meint das, was im Folgenden als Konstruktion bezeichnet wird. Was geschieht jedoch, wenn nicht einmal auszumachen ist, ob dem, was in der erzählten Welt geschieht, ein diegetischer Wahrheitsgehalt zugesprochen werden kann oder nicht? Und wie wird diese Unsicherheit narrativ erzeugt? It’s All a Fake, Pure Construction. Or is it?Narrative Uncertainty in Tamara Bach’s Marienbilder On its cover, Tamara Bach’s Marienbilder (2014) is described as »a novel in five possibilities. «Thus, from the outset, the paratext indicates the constructed quality of the plot and refuses to give any clear interpretation. This article will explore how the ontological uncertainty that permeates the entire novel is narratively constructed. To demonstrate this, special focus is placed on the beginning and the end of the narrative. A specific characteristic of Marienbilder is that the beginning and the end appear to be almost identi­cal. However, in the end, the novel breaches both content-related and literary boundaries in that the narrator negates her own existence and can thus no longer function as narrator. This analysis illustrates how uncertainty is created not only at the level of histoire but also at the level of discours, above all through its occasionally incongruent interplay. Fricke’s definition of function (1997) and the parameters of classical narra­tive text analysis are particularly relevant for the analysis of Marienbilder. By revealing the narrative structures, it is ultimately possible to recognise the specific aesthetics of the novel precisely because the only ›fact‹ in this fictional text is that in the narrated world, just as in the ›real‹ world, appearance rather than being, and fake rather than fact, dominate.

scholarly journals On relations of objects in Graham Harman’s object-oriented ontology

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Georgiy G. Gaiko ◽  
Alina A. Boyko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Albert Camus ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Real Object ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Mechanism Of Interaction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Object Oriented Ontology ◽  
Gain Access

The article aims to analyze the relations between objects in the object-oriented ontology of Graham Harman. The authors consider Harman’s concept to be one of the main achievements of modern philosophy. This concept makes it possible to overcome the problem of objectivity as such and to gain access to the object uncorrelated by the subject of knowledge. Using the presented scheme of the object, the authors postulate the absence of the subject and subject-object relations based on correlations. Thus, the problem of objectivity is solved in a radical way. However, Harman’s object-oriented ontology does not explain how the relations between uncorrelated objects occur. It is essential to find the way to describe the mechanism of interaction between objects in which the object remains real, i.e. uncorrelated, and at the same time sensual, accessible for perception and interaction. That is why the authors turn to Jacques Derrida’s concept of deconstruction. Its application to the analysis of relations between objects in Graham Harman’s object-oriented ontology allows the authors to deabsolutize correlationism as the only possible way of relations between objects, and at the same time to preserve it as a way of interaction between objects. The nature of the relations between objects can be logically explained by the philosophy of Albert Camus, through combining his method of cognition with the principle of deconstruction. Using this method, the authors come to a conclusion that correlations necessarily arise when objects interact, which allows them to manifest themselves as accessible. However, the existence of objects by themselves takes place without correlations. They are a condition for the appearance of a sensory object, but they are not possible with the existence of real objects on their own. The method proposed shows that the relations of objects represent an inextricable duality of the sensual and the real object, which is manifested in their knowable-unknowable nature. Studying the nature of interaction between objects in Graham Harman’s object-oriented ontology with the help of this method allows better understanding of the problem of objectivity as such. This issue requires further, more extensive, study and discussion.

scholarly journals The Object Gives Rise to Thought: Hermeneutics of Objects in Disco Elysium

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Michał Kłosiński
Keyword(s):  
Paul Ricoeur ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
Paul Ricœur ◽  
Object Oriented Ontology ◽  
The Human Condition

Abstract The article presents an analysis and interpretation of Disco Elysium, an award-winning videogame published by ZA/UM studio in 2019. The main problem explored in the research concerns the ontological basis upon which the game builds the complex personality of its protagonist and his relationship with the storyworld. The main theoretical works utilized in the analysis and interpretation are Object-Oriented Ontology by Graham Harman and Existence and Hermeneutics by Paul Ricoeur. My thesis is that Disco Elysium presents time, events and history as the effects of various tensions between the protagonist and the objects. In doing so, the game offers a non-anthropocentric perspective on human being and gives rise to questions about objects as a basis for rethinking the human condition. The article concludes with the formulation of a possible new hermeneutical approach founded on Object-Oriented Ontology.

Synthesis of Object-Oriented Software Structural Models Using Quality Metrics And Co-Evolutionary Genetic Algorithms

2010 ◽  
pp. 50-75
Author(s):  
André Vargas Abs da Cruz ◽  
Dilza Szwarcman ◽  
Thiago S. M. Guimarães ◽  
Marco Aurélio C. Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Software Engineering ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Quality Metrics ◽  
Software Modeling ◽  
Software Quality Metrics ◽  
Definition Of

One of the biggest challenges for the developer of object-oriented software is the modeling and developing of the objects themselves, so that they are easily reusable in complex systems. The final quality of the software depends mostly on the quality of the modeling developed for it. Modeling and specification of software are fundamental steps for making the software development an activity of engineering. Design is the activity in which software behavior and structure are elaborated. During this phase many models are developed anticipating several views of the final product and making software evaluation possible even before the software is implemented. Consequently, the synthesis of a software model can be seen as a problem of optimization, where the attempt to find a better configuration among the elements chosen through the object-oriented paradigm, such as classes, methods and attributes that meet quality design criteria. This work studies a possibility to synthesize higher quality modelings through the evolution of Genetic Algorithms, a technique that has proved to be efficient in dealing with problems involving large search spaces. The work was divided in three main stages: a study of object-oriented software engineering; the definition of a model using genetic algorithms; and co-evolution of species for the synthesis of object-oriented software modeling, aiming at quality improvement; and at the implementation of a model for case study. The study of object-oriented software engineering involved the establishment of software development phases and the characterization of the representation used in modeling phase and, in particular, the characterization of class diagrams based on UML. The study also investigated software quality metrics such as Reutilization, Flexibility, Understandability, Functionality, Extensibility and Effectiveness. The specification of genetic algorithm consisted in the definition of the structure of the chromosome that could provide a good representation of modeling diagram and a function of evaluation of the design that could take the software quality metrics in to consideration. As a result, the chromosomes represent metadata of a simplified UML diagram of classes, which may later be used as an entry of a CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) Tool that can create the implementation code in the chosen pattern. The evaluation function was defined focusing at the synthesis of a higher quality object-oriented software modeling. In order to observe the use of more than one objective at the same time the Pareto technique for multi objective problems was used. The evolution is directed towards the improvement of quality metrics by searching for a qualitatively better modeling, based on Bansiya’s (Bansiya and Davis, 2002) study. The construction of a co-evolutionary model consisted in defining distinct species so that each one would represent part of the problem to be evolved, thus enabling a more efficient representation of the model. The co-evolutionary model allowed the evolution of more complex structures, which would not be possible in a simple Genetic Algorithm. The chromosomes related to each species codify metadata and that is why the solution assembly (design) makes use of a decoder. A case study was done to synthesize the modeling of an elevator controller. The results achieved in this section were compared to the modelings produced by specialists, and the characteristics of these results were analyzed. The GA performance in the optimization process was compared to that of a random search and, in every case, the results achieved by the model were always better.

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