scholarly journals Don't Just Judge the Spelling! The Influence of Spelling on Assessing Second-Language Student Essays

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-65
Author(s):  
Thorben Jansen ◽  
Cristina Vögelin ◽  
Nils Machts ◽  
Stefan Daniel Keller ◽  
Jens Möller
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Classroom Instruction ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Spelling Errors ◽  
Judgment Error ◽  
Subject Specific ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Practical Implications

When judging subject-specific aspects of students’ texts, teachers should assess various characteristics, e.g., spelling and content, independently of one another since these characteristics are indicators of different skills. Independent judgments enable teachers to adapt their classroom instruction according to students’ skills. It is still unclear how well teachers meet this challenge and which intervention could be helpful to them. In Study 1, N = 51 pre-service teachers assessed four authentic English as a Second Language (ESL) essays with different overall text qualities and different qualities of spelling using holistic and analytic rating scales. Results showed a negative influence of the experimentally manipulated spelling errors on the judgment of almost all textual characteristics. In Study 2, an experimental prompt was used to reduce this judgment error. Participants who were made aware of the judgment error caused by spelling errors formed their judgments in a less biased way, indicating a reduction of bias. The determinants of the observed effects and their practical implications are discussed.

Digestibility of nutrients and milk productivity of cows when using the concentrate mixture with the inclusion of rapeseed presscake

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
L. Yarmots ◽  
G. Yarmots ◽  
A. Belenkaya
Keyword(s):  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Experimental Group

For ruminants, especially high-yielding animals in addition to the complete supply of animals with protein, its digestibility in the rumen is important. With low protein digestibility in the rumen, the released ammonia will be more effectively used by the rumen microflora, and the undigestible protein in the subsequent sections of the digestive tract can serve as a source of amino acids for the body. The use of concentrate mixtures with the inclusion of local, affordable and cheaper grain feeds, in particular a high-energy and protein ingredient- rapeseed presscake makes it possible to increase the milk productivity of cows throughout lactation. These presscakes are well balanced in their amino acid composition and belong to feeds whose protein has a low degree of digestibility in the rumen. The purpose of the researches was to study the digestibility of nutrients and milk productivity of cows when using the concentrate mixture with the inclusion of rapeseed presscake. In the scientific and economic experiment has been carried out on lactating cows, where the cows of the experimental group in the concentrate mixture of peas has been replaced with rapeseed presscake the digestibility of nutrients in the ration, energy metabolism and milk productivity have been studied. Studies have shown that almost all the nutrients were significantly better digested by the animals of the experimental group. Energy in milk was more allocated by cows of the experimental group by 6,29 MJ. From cows of the experimental group for 100 and 305 days of lactation has been obtained more milk by 6,27 and 7,06 %, respectively, than from control herdmates. The biochemical parameters of blood were within the limits of the physiological norm in animals of both groups. Thus, the replacement of peas with rapeseed presscake in the concentrate mixture did not have a negative influence on the metabolic processes and helped to increase the milk productivity of cows.

scholarly journals Effects of childhood-onset SLE on academic achievements and employment in adult life

2020 ◽  
pp. jrheum.191004
Author(s):  
Noortje Groot ◽  
Anne Kardolus ◽  
Marc Bijl ◽  
Radboud Dolhain ◽  
Onno Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Study Visit ◽  
Academic Achievements ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
Almost All

Objective Long-term outcome data in adults with childhood-onset SLE are limited. Here, we report the effects of cSLE on education, vocation and employment in a large cohort of adults with cSLE. Methods Patients were seen for a single study visit containing a structured history and physical examination. Medical records were retrieved to supplement information obtained during the study visit. Education and employment status were assessed by questionnaires. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was measured with the SF36. Results 106 cSLE patients (93% female, 73% white), with a median disease duration of 20 years, completed the visit and questionnaires. Almost all patients stated that cSLE had influenced their education, but level of completed education was similar to the general Dutch population. Half of the patients had adjusted their vocational choice due to the disease. Still, 44% of patients who had finished education did not have a paid job. Of the employed patients, 61% worked part-time. Disease damage was equally prevalent in patients with and without paid employment. A high percentage of patients (51%) were declared work disabled, which was related to damage. Patients who did not have paid employment were often work disabled. Both had a negative influence on HRQOL. Conclusion The effect of cSLE on academic achievements and employment is substantial, despite adjusting educational and vocational choices to the disease. Ongoing support, not only to help patients find suitable education and vocation, but also to offer guidance regarding potential adjustments during their career, is necessary to optimise participation in the community.

Effects of Instruction on Sla: Issues and Evidence

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 164-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Harley
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Classroom Instruction ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
L2 Instruction ◽  
Individual Variables

Inverstigating the effects of classroom instruction on second language acquisition is a fascinating, but formidable, task: fascinating, because it addresses fundamental issues concerning the nature of the mental processes underlying SLA and how they are affected by different learning conditions; formidable, because of the complex, multifaceted nature of both SLA and instruction, the difficulty of establishing valid and reliable profiles of each, and the interacting effects of social context and individual variables. In this brief survey, empiricial research on the effects of L2 instruction is outlined in relation to a few basic issues. For more detailed reviews of the literature, the reader is referred to Long (1983; 1988), Pica (1983a), Ellis (1984a; 1985), and Chaudron (1988).

scholarly journals Teaching Politeness Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Irina Petrovska
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Teaching Resource ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Subject Specific ◽  
Politeness Strategies

This paper deals with the politeness strategies potential in subject specific fields and highlights the role of learning politeness strategies as a powerful cognitive tool fundamental to further enhancing the second language learner’s ability to cope with this specialized verbal characteristic in hospitality industry discourse. The paper explores the close interplay between social (extra-linguistic) and structural (linguistic) factors shaping the linguistic idiosyncrasies of English and Macedonian politeness strategies in hospitality industry discourse. It has been argued that the awareness of cross-cultural differences concerning politeness strategies may be exploited as a valuable teaching resource for classroom interaction.

Optimization of the internal procurement process at the world's leading producer of phosphate rock

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (103) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
H. Adlane ◽  
M. Aouane
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Parallel Application ◽  
Internal Customers ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Procurement System ◽  
Procurement Method ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose: This article discuss the results of a field study that was carried out over a 6 months period. The objective of this research aimed at studying the internal procurement system of one of the world's leading Moroccan companies that has a 4.3% contribution to the national GDP. Design/methodology/approach: Our work, based first of all on the elaboration of an overview and then on the use of more than 6 methods and logistic tools, will allow this company to develop its own procurement method, adapted to its constraints and capacities. Findings: In terms of figures, this company sources 157 items from several suppliers. These references are then stored initially in the company's store, and depending on the demand from internal customers, a distribution is subsequently planned. A shortage of stock on some items and overstocking on others is a blatant contradiction suggesting several paths for improvement. Ultimately, the results of our work have enabled us to reduce financial immobilization by 40%, as well as a considerable gain in storage space. Practical implications: This paper shows the importance of responding to the problems of large companies with adapted and targeted methods. Originality/value: This article presents an original parallel application of almost all conventional logistics methods, for a global and efficient optimization.

A Proposed Framework for Designing Sustainable Communities for Knowledge Management Systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 226-245
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Goel ◽  
Elham Mousavidin
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Knowledge Management Systems ◽  
Sustainable Communities ◽  
British Petroleum ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Oil Company ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Network Component

Despite considerable academic and practitioner interest in knowledge management, success of knowledge management systems is elusive. This chapter provides a framework which suggests that KM success can be achieved by designing sustainable communities of practice. Communities of practice have proven to have significant economic and practical implications on organizational practices. A growing body of literature in KM recognizes the importance of communities that foster collaborative learning in organizations and almost all KMS have a ‘network’ component that facilitates connecting people in communities of practice. Evidence has shown that communities have been a key element in KMS of many companies including Xerox PARC, British Petroleum Co., Shell Oil Company, Halliburton, IBM, Proctor and Gamble, and Hewlett Packard.

scholarly journals Transmitting the entrepreneurial spirit to the work team in SMEs: the importance of leadership

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1102-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingo Ribeiro Soriano ◽  
José Manuel Comeche Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Work Team ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Collective Entrepreneurship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeTo establish the extent of the influence of variables which, under a particular style of leadership, form the necessary basis for encouraging and developing group, entrepreneurial activities carried out within the context of small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) thus explaining the transmission of the entrepreneurial spirit to the work team and, consequently, the existence of collective entrepreneurship in the firm.Design/methodology/approachFrom the results of a questionnaire carried out via personal interviews with over 100 firms, a confirmatory factorial analysis was carried out that provided us with the variables to be studied. The cause/effect relationships and their implications were obtained from applying a LISREL8 analysis.FindingsA leadership based on relationships shows a positive impact, with an intensity of more than double that of participative leadership. A task‐oriented leadership style reduces the chances of transmitting the entrepreneurial spirit to the work team by having a negative influence on the generation of collective entrepreneurship in the firm.Research limitations/implicationsThe models contain the relations of “causality” between these latent variables, assuming that the variables observed therein are indicators or symptoms of those other variables. This could be considered as a limitation to our analysis as the study of covariance.Practical implicationsThe model has important applications for the process of incorporating new CEOs into the organization.Originality/valueThis paper presents confirmation of the need for aspects traditionally associated with the figure of the entrepreneur to be transmitted to the organization's collective as a whole and for the existence of collective entrepreneurship: an area of management that has thus far received relatively little attention and which could have important practical implications.

scholarly journals Online disclosure practices of halal-friendly hotels

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikram Nur Muharam ◽  
Mehmet Asutay
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
Islamic Identity ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This research analyses the online disclosure practices of halal-friendly hotels, denoting their service provision within “halal” expectancies. This study aims to discover the halal attributes commonly used in the online marketing practices of halal-friendly hotels. Design/methodology/approach The methods used in this study include a deductive approach through literature, which was then followed by an initial investigation of several random samples that produced 24 points of halal-friendly attributes, and then content analysis to find out the online disclosure practices of 55 halal-friendly hotels. Further insights gathered through analysis of the use of Islamic images and symbols; also, by examining the nexus between the disclosure level and other variables such as halal-friendly certification level, star-level and guest ratings. Findings The results show that most hotels classify themselves as halal-friendly by providing information that articulates Islamic identity or by informing the existence of prayer facilities. Information displayed includes halal food, halal places, alcohol-free policy, prayer facilities and Qibla direction. Furthermore, image analysis shows that almost all hotels use human photographs, and the preferred gender is male; only a few hotels expose Islamic symbols. Most hotels maintain a neutral impression by avoiding “Islamised gender” and not overly emphasising Islamic images. Otherwise, halal-friendly certification level is positively correlated with the disclosure level. Practical implications The results provide a fresh insight regarding the online marketing practices of the halal-friendly hotels and could be used as a benchmark by the practitioners. Originality/value This topic is still unexplored; it shows this research originality.

scholarly journals To What Extent Do Popular ESL Textbooks Incorporate Oral Fluency and Pragmatic Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori G. Diepenbroek ◽  
Tracey M. Derwing
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Classroom Instruction ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Listening Skills ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Oral Fluency ◽  
Pragmatic Development ◽  
Esl Programs ◽  
Textbook Series ◽  
Language Courses

We examined several popular integrated skills textbooks used in Language Instruc- tion for Newcomers to Canada (LINC) and English as a second language (ESL) programs for pragmatics and oral fluency activities. Although many instructors use other resources to supplement classroom instruction, the textbook is still the backbone of many language courses. We wanted to know to what extent textbooks focus on pragmatics and oral fluency, as well as the range of activities featured in each. In light of the recent federal evaluation of LINC programs in Canada, which indicated extremely limited improvement in speaking and listening skills as a result of language instruction, it is important to know which textbooks offer the best opportunities for pragmatics and fluency development. We determined that very few textbook series are consistent in their inclusion of pragmatic content in terms of scope, quality, and quantity. As might be expected, oral fluency is not a major focus in integrated skills texts; however, those activities that are intended to enhance fluency development could easily be improved by an instructor.

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