scholarly journals Biologically structured materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1772
Author(s):  
Relly Victoria V. Petrescu ◽  
Raffaella Aversa ◽  
Antonio Apicella ◽  
Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Endochondral Ossification ◽  
Tissue Mechanics ◽  
Skeletal Morphology ◽  
Structured Materials ◽  
Central Repository ◽  
Computer Analyses ◽  
Multi Phase

In this paper bio-tissue mathematical modeling serves as a central repository to interface design, simulation, and tissue fabrication. Finite element computer analyses will be used to study the role of local tissue mechanics on endochondral ossification patterns, skeletal morphology and mandible thickness distributions using single and multi-phase continuum material representations of clinical cases of patients implanted with the traditional protocols. New protocols will be hypothesized for the use of the new biologically techno-structured hybrid materials.

Technique of scientific and technical forecasting using neural networks

2018 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
V. V. Nefedev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Forecasting Methods ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Artificial Neural

For the definition and implementation of breakthrough technologies the most important is the role of scientific and technical forecasting. Well-known forecasting methods based on extrapolation, expert assessments and mathematical modeling are not universal and have a number of significant disadvantages. The article proposes an original method of scientific and technical forecasting based on the use of the methodology of artificial neural networks. 

scholarly journals Astral hydrogels mimic tissue mechanics by aster-aster interpenetration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqiao Xie ◽  
Yuandi Zhuang ◽  
Gaojun Ye ◽  
Tiankuo Wang ◽  
Yi Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Core ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Master Curve ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Tissue Mechanics ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Single Master Curve ◽  
Unique Mechanism ◽  
Gel Network

AbstractMany soft tissues are compression-stiffening and extension-softening in response to axial strains, but common hydrogels are either inert (for ideal chains) or tissue-opposite (for semiflexible polymers). Herein, we report a class of astral hydrogels that are structurally distinct from tissues but mechanically tissue-like. Specifically, hierarchical self-assembly of amphiphilic gemini molecules produces radial asters with a common core and divergently growing, semiflexible ribbons; adjacent asters moderately interpenetrate each other via interlacement of their peripheral ribbons to form a gel network. Resembling tissues, the astral gels stiffen in compression and soften in extension with all the experimental data across different gel compositions collapsing onto a single master curve. We put forward a minimal model to reproduce the master curve quantitatively, underlying the determinant role of aster-aster interpenetration. Compression significantly expands the interpenetration region, during which the number of effective crosslinks is increased and the network strengthened, while extension does the opposite. Looking forward, we expect this unique mechanism of interpenetration to provide a fresh perspective for designing and constructing mechanically tissue-like materials.

scholarly journals Osteoclasts promote the formation of hematopoietic stem cell niches in the bone marrow

2012 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mansour ◽  
Grazia Abou-Ezzi ◽  
Ewa Sitnicka ◽  
Sten Eirik W. Jacobsen ◽  
Abdelilah Wakkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Endochondral Ossification ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Mesenchymal Progenitors ◽  
Hsc Niche ◽  
Niche Formation

Formation of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche in bone marrow (BM) is tightly associated with endochondral ossification, but little is known about the mechanisms involved. We used the oc/oc mouse, a mouse model with impaired endochondral ossification caused by a loss of osteoclast (OCL) activity, to investigate the role of osteoblasts (OBLs) and OCLs in the HSC niche formation. The absence of OCL activity resulted in a defective HSC niche associated with an increased proportion of mesenchymal progenitors but reduced osteoblastic differentiation, leading to impaired HSC homing to the BM. Restoration of OCL activity reversed the defect in HSC niche formation. Our data demonstrate that OBLs are required for establishing HSC niches and that osteoblastic development is induced by OCLs. These findings broaden our knowledge of the HSC niche formation, which is critical for understanding normal and pathological hematopoiesis.

The Role of Topology and Tissue Mechanics in Remora Attachment

2014 ◽  
Vol 1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Culler ◽  
Keri A. Ledford ◽  
Jason H. Nadler
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Tissue Mechanics ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Cell Geometry ◽  
Critical Step ◽  
Tissue Material

ABSTRACTRemora fish are capable of fast, reversible and reliable adhesion to a wide variety of both natural and artificial marine hosts through a uniquely evolved dorsal pad. This adhesion is partially attributed to suction, which requires a robust seal between the pad interior and the ambient environment. Understanding the behavior of remora adhesion based on measurable surface parameters and material properties is a critical step when creating artificial, bio-inspired devices. In this work, structural and fluid finite element models (FEM) based on a simplified “unit cell” geometry were developed to predict the behavior of the seal with respect to host/remora surface topology and tissue material properties.

Role of extracellular matrix structural components and tissue mechanics in the development of postoperative pancreatic fistula

2021 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 110714
Author(s):  
Rosa B. Schmuck ◽  
Evi Lippens ◽  
Dag Wulsten ◽  
Daniela S. Garske ◽  
Annika Strönisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Pancreatic Fistula ◽  
Tissue Mechanics ◽  
Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula ◽  
Structural Components

scholarly journals Role of activated CaMKII in abnormal calcium homeostasis and INa remodeling after myocardial infarction: Insights from mathematical modeling

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Hund ◽  
Keith F. Decker ◽  
Evelyn Kanter ◽  
Peter J. Mohler ◽  
Penelope A. Boyden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Calcium Homeostasis

THE ROLE OF OXYGEN IN TISSUE MAINTENANCE: MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (08) ◽  
pp. 1409-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
AVNER FRIEDMAN ◽  
BEI HU
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Free Boundary ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Stationary Solution ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Existence And Uniqueness ◽  
Symmetric Case ◽  
Special Case

The cells in a tissue occupying a region Ωt are divided according to their cycling phase. The density pi of cells in phase i depends on the spatial variable x, the time t, and the time si since the cells entered in phase i. The pi(x, t, si) and the oxygen concentration w(x, t) satisfy a system of PDEs in Ωt, and the boundary of Ωt is a free boundary. We denote by [Formula: see text] the oxygen concentration on the free boundary and consider the radially symmetric case, so that Ωt = {r < R(t)}. We prove that R(t) is always bounded; furthermore, if [Formula: see text] is small, then R(t) → 0 as t → ∞, and if [Formula: see text] is large, then R(t) ≥ c > 0 for all t. Finally, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a stationary solution in a special case.

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