scholarly journals Meiotic chromosome aberrations and quadrivalent formation in Lotus corniculatus over four generations after seed treatment with EMS.

CYTOLOGIA ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Therrien ◽  
W. F. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus

scholarly journals INDUCTION OF TWO MUTANTS IN BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL (Lotus corniculatus) BY X-RAYS AND CHEMICAL MUTAGENS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 957-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIO C. THERRIEN ◽  
W. F. GRANT
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Ethyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Chemical Mutagens ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effective Mutagen ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

The mutagenic effects of X-rays, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), 8-ethoxycaffeine (EOC), N-hydroxyurea (HU) and 2-aminopurine (2AP) on seed treatment of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L. ’Mirabel’) were assessed over four generations. Mutants were recovered in the M2, M3 and M4 generations from selfed lines, from crosses derived from selfed lines and from open pollination lines. Mutant plants exhibiting vestigial floret character were recovered from X-ray, EMS, EOC and HU treatments. Mutant chlorotica plants were obtained from EMS treatment only. No mutants were recovered from 2AP treatment, EMS, the most effective mutagen, produced nine vestigial floret and 12 chlorotica mutants. Mutants were obtained from only one exposure of X-rays (12 krad). There was evidence for preferential elimination of gametes. The chlorotica and vestigial floret mutants were inherited as tetrasomic recessives. Mutation frequencies of 0.4–3.1% in a tetrasomic background are indicative of the effectiveness of EMS in birdsfoot trefoil.

scholarly journals The Interchromosomal Effect: Different Meanings for Different Organisms

Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-631
Author(s):  
Danny E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Parental Chromosome ◽  
Interchromosomal Effect ◽  
Structural Aberrations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chromosome Nondisjunction

The term interchromosomal effect was originally used to describe a change in the distribution of exchange in the presence of an inversion. First characterized in the 1920s by early Drosophila researchers, it has been observed in multiple organisms. Nearly half a century later, the term began to appear in the human genetics literature to describe the hypothesis that parental chromosome differences, such as translocations or inversions, may increase the frequency of meiotic chromosome nondisjunction. Although it remains unclear if chromosome aberrations truly affect the segregation of structurally normal chromosomes in humans, the use of the term interchromosomal effect in this context persists. This article explores the history of the use of the term interchromosomal effect and discusses how chromosomes with structural aberrations are segregated during meiosis.

scholarly journals Formation of seed productivity and sowing properties of Lotus corniculatus seeds depending on the effect of bacterial agents, growth regulators and anti-stress agents

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
S. F. Antoniv ◽  
S. I. Kolesnyk ◽  
A. A. Zapruta ◽  
V. V. Konovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Mesorhizobium Loti ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Stress Agent

Due to biological characteristics of the varieties and their genetic potential, against the background of applying the main fertilizer under the cover crop, half of the norm of lime fertilizer Ca(OH)2 (fluff) – 1.2 t/ha in combination with the mineral fertilizers in the dose of N30P60K60 (control) on average for 2017—2018 a seed crop of hyacinth Ajax and Gelon 367 and 366 kg/ha was formed. The pre-sowing treatment of seeds of bovine Rhizobophyte with the bacterial preparation Rizobofit of the strain of the bacterium Mesorhizobium loti (0.15 l per hectare seed rate) contributed to the increase in seed productivity of the bovine Ajax and Gelon varieties by 78 and 87 kg/ha or 21.4 and 23.8 % compared to with control and amounted to 445 and 453 kg/ha, respectively, due to improved nitrogen nutrition of plants, an increase in the mass and number of nodule bacteria of the symbiotic apparatus on the root system of small cattle. It turned out to be effective to apply foliar nutrition of Lotus corniculatus in the stalking phases and additionally during the budding of plants with the anti-stress agent Agrogumat (0.4 l/ha), which ensured the average yield of Ajax and Gelon varieties from 464 and 467 kg/ha, or 97; 101 kg/ha or 26.6; 27.6 % more compared to control without foliar nutrition. It turned out to be less effective to apply foliar nutrition with the preparations Biosil (0.02 l/ha) and Aminokat 30 (0.6 l/ha). The greatest influence on the formation of generative organs (beans) was observed during foliar nutrition with anti-stress agent Agrogumat (0.4 l/ha). Its application on the fields of Lotus corniculatus in the stalking and budding phases was accompanied by an increase in this indicator by 37 and 51 units, or by 19.2—52.1 % compared with the control. The pre-sowing seed treatment of Lotus corniculatus of Ajax variety with the bacterial agent Rizobofit (strain of the bacterium Mesorhizobium loti) – 0.15 l per hectare seed rate positively influenced the development of nodule bacteria. This contributed to the formation of their greatest total number per plant: in the stalking phase – 174 pcs., the beginning of flowering – 241 pcs. Their mass in these phases was 311 and 1165 mg, respectively. Whereas in the control, without presowing seed treatment, these indicators were lower and amounted to 109, 209 and 120, 773 mg, respectively. The sowing properties of the seeds of Lotus corniculatus, in particular, the growth rate was the highest (56, 55 %) in the variants with foliar nutrition with the anti-stress agent Agrogumat, which was 7 % more compared to the control.

SPONTANEOUS MEIOTIC CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES IN MALE MICE (MUS MUSCULUS)

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chyi-Chyang Lin ◽  
W. S. Tsuchida ◽  
S. A. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Abnormalities ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Chromosome Anomalies

Three types of spontaneous meiotic chromosome aberrations were described in mouse spermatocytes: (1) Precocious separation of XY chromosomes was observed in about 6% of cells in diakinesis and first metaphase; (2) chromosome degeneration appeared in 9.2 and 4.8% of cells at pachytene and at first metaphase, respectively; (3) polyploidy, in particular tetraploidy, occurred in 2.7 and 3.2% of cells at pachytene and first metaphase, respectively. These chromosome anomalies should be considered in cytological studies of the effect of noxious agents on chromosomes in mouse spermatocytes.

Bestimmung der DNA-Schädigung in vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S64-S68
Author(s):  
E. Dikomey
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Cell Inactivation ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Break Repair

SummaryIonising irradiation acts primarily via induction of DNA damage, among which doublestrand breaks are the most important lesions. These lesions may lead to lethal chromosome aberrations, which are the main reason for cell inactivation. Double-strand breaks can be repaired by several different mechanisms. The regulation of these mechanisms appears be fairly different for normal and tumour cells. Among different cell lines capacity of doublestrand break repair varies by only few percents and is known to be determined mostly by genetic factors. Knowledge about doublestrand break repair mechanisms and their regulation is important for the optimal application of ionising irradiation in medicine.

Comparative Effectiveness Of Seed Treating And Foliar Insecticides Against Sucking Pests Of Cotton And Impact On Their Natural Enemies

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
SMA Hossain ◽  
MA Baque ◽  
MR Amin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Thrips Population ◽  
Cotton Cultivar

The Imidacloprid insecticide, Gaucho 70 WS at 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 g/kg seed was used as seed treatment and monocrotophos 40 WSC at 1120 ml/ha was applied as foliar spray on CB9 cotton cultivar to suppress aphid, whitefly and thrips, and impact on their natural enemies during 2008-2011 at the Regional Cotton Research Station, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. The activity of natural enemies, such as ladybird beetle, lacewing, syrphid, and spider population on the sucking pests attacking cotton cultivar CB9 and yield of cotton were recorded. Imidacloprid significantly reduced aphid, whitefly, and thrips population on cotton crops compared to untreated control or foliar spray of monocrotophos 40 WSC at 1120 ml/ha. Ladybird beetles, lacewings, syrphids, and spiders were abundant in the field but their population decreased in the treated plots compared to untreated control. The CB9 cotton cultivar produced significantly higher yield (1.73 t/ha) with a benefit cost ratio 12.47 when seeds were treated with Imidacloprid at 5.5 g/kg fuzzy seed. This study indicated that Imidacloprid (Gaucho 70 WS) used as a seed treatment may be suggested to the cotton growers for controlling sucking pests. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 61-70, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15190

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