Market Situation Interpretation and Response: The Role of Cognitive Style, Organizational Culture, and Information Use

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chris White ◽  
P. Rajan Varadarajan ◽  
Peter A. Dacin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Information Use ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Partial Least Squares Analysis ◽  
Marketing Decision ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Advertising And Promotion

Improving marketing decision making requires a better understanding of the factors that influence how managers interpret and respond to a market situation. Building on extant literature, the authors develop a model that delineates antecedents of and responses to the interpretation of a market situation. Using case-scenario methodology, the authors test the model in the context of a marketing decision (annual advertising and promotion budget recommendation) with data collected from a nationwide sample of hospital marketing executives. The results of the partial least squares analysis show that (1) cognitive style, organizational culture, and information use affect the extent to which managers perceive a given market situation as one in which they can control the outcomes of their decision; (2) the more managers perceive a situation as controllable, the more they appraise that situation as an opportunity; and (3) the more managers appraise a situation as an opportunity, the greater is the magnitude of their response.

Truth-telling, decision-making, and ethics among cancer patients in nursing practice in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1000-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Lan Ling ◽  
Hong-Jing Yu ◽  
Hui-Ling Guo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Ethical Issue ◽  
Terminal Illness ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Healthcare Practice

Background: Truth-telling toward terminally ill patients is a challenging ethical issue in healthcare practice. However, there are no existing ethical guidelines or frameworks provided for Chinese nurses in relation to decision-making on truth-telling of terminal illness and the role of nurses thus is not explicit when encountering this issue. Objectives: The intention of this paper is to provide ethical guidelines or strategies with regards to decision-making on truth-telling of terminal illness for Chinese nurses. Methods: This paper initially present a case scenario and then critically discuss the ethical issue in association with ethical principles and philosophical theories. Instead of focusing on attitudes toward truth disclosure, it aims to provide strategies regarding this issue for nurses. It highlights and discusses some of the relevant ethical assumptions around the perceived role of nurses in healthcare settings by focusing on nursing ethical virtues, nursing codes of ethics, and philosophical perspectives. And Confucian culture is discussed to explicate that deontology does not consider family-oriented care in China. Conclusion: Treating each family individually to explore the family’s beliefs and values on this issue is essential in healthcare practice and nurses should tailor their own approach to individual needs regarding truth-telling in different situations. Moreover, the Chinese Code of Ethics should be modified to be more specific and applicable. Finally, a narrative ethics approach should be applied and teamwork between nurses, physicians and families should be established to support cancer patients and to ensure their autonomy and hope. Ethical considerations: This paper was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. The authors have obtained consent to use the case study and it has been anonymised to preserve the patient's confidentiality.

scholarly journals Healthcare Interpreting and Informed Consent: What is the Interpreter’s Role in Treatment Decision-Making?

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Professional Relationships ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Treatment Decision Making ◽  
General Communication

This article examines the part that healthcare interpreters play in cross-cultural medical ethics, and it argues that there are instances when the interpreter needs to assume an interventionist role. However, the interpreter cannot take on this role without developing expertise in the tendencies that distinguish general communication from culture to culture, in the ethical principles that govern medical communication in different communities, and in the development of professional relationships in healthcare. The article describes each of these three variables with reference to a case scenario, and it outlines a number of interventionist strategies that could be potentially open to the interpreter. It concludes with a note about the importance of the three variables for community interpreter training. Keywords: community interpreting, informed consent, role of the interpreter, healthcare.

scholarly journals Unravelling the unarticulated: SME managers and the role of tacit expertise in marketing

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Barry Ardley ◽  
Sanngarri Naikar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Learning Challenges ◽  
Marketing Decision ◽  
Depth Interview

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the role played by tacit knowledge in marketing decision making in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and to extrapolate the ramifications, in terms of practice and theory generation. Design/methodology/approach To provide support for the existence of tacit expertise, research was framed around three key questions and in-depth interview data drawn from SME senior managers. Although limited in number, interviewees represent a range of different types of SME businesses. Findings In SMEs, tacit knowledge presents a reservoir of expertise that reflects the recondite characteristics of marketing decision making. Strategies in marketing were found to be about locally situated networks, intersubjective knowledge and intuitive based judgements that led to important company advantages in the market place. Practical implications Based on an analysis of the findings and despite the abstruse nature of tacit knowledge, this paper tentatively suggests ways for marketers to unravel it. The suggestion is that tacit and locally significant experience and expertise in marketing is a basis for theory and practice, with potential for dissemination. Originality/value Tacit knowledge is a notable, yet widely overlooked area of SME marketing. Highlighted here are both managerial and learning challenges in terms of better conceptualising the understanding of marketing and SME activity regarding this largely unarticulated base of practice.

Behind closed doors: the DC-10 and the demise of McDonnell Douglas

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-668
Author(s):  
John-Gabriel Licht ◽  
Jamie O’Brien ◽  
Marc Schaffer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Sunk Costs ◽  
Moral Awareness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Economic Thinking

Theoretical basis This case has three primary objectives. First, it allows students to think through a conceptual cost and benefit analysis associated with the decision-making process in line with basic economic thinking. Students will revisit core concepts of marginal benefit vs marginal cost, the notion of opportunity costs and the role of sunk costs in this type of analysis, while also highlighting the nature of market structure, oligopolies and competition across firms in an industry. The second goal of this case is to consider the role of business ethics in the DC-10 case: specifically, to consider the potential influence of moral awareness and moral disengagement in unethical decisions made by McDonnell Douglas. Students will develop an understanding of these concepts and solidify their learning by applying them to the case and engaging in active discussion. Finally, the third goal of the case allows students to explore organizational culture and specifically offer recommendations for organizations thinking about the link between decision-making, the role of ethics and culture. Research methodology The technical reports released by the National Transportation Safety Board along with secondary data such as available public data such as news reports were used to round out the synopsis of the case study. Case overview /synopsis This case explores the accidents of two McDonnell Douglas DC-10s in the early 1970s at the onset of the jumbo jet race between Boeing, Lockheed and McDonnell Douglas. It explores the series of events during the “Windsor Incident” in 1972 and the subsequent accident over Paris in 1974. It explores the reasons why the cargo door on the DC-10 was faulty and subsequently why the door was not fixed. It examines the interplay of industry suppliers such as McDonnell Douglas and how they interact with oversight authorities such as the Federal Aviation Authority. The Teaching Note focuses on the economic thinking at McDonnell Douglas, behavioral ethics and organizational culture. Complexity academic level This case is best explored over a 90 min session but could be expanded to take up one 3 h session. The authors have used this case format in an undergraduate organizational behavior class, an MBA Leadership and Organizational Change class, and an MBA Economics of Managers class. It works particularly well in the MBA setting, as students with work experience can see the links between the mistakes made by McDonnell Douglas and their workplaces.

The Role of Organizational Culture to the Management of Telecommunication Companies

2011 ◽  
pp. 295-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios D. Kargas ◽  
Dimitris Varoutas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Employee Behavior ◽  
Leadership Quality ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Telecommunication Companies

This chapter explains what organizational culture is and analyzes its importance for the management of any company. Organizational culture must not be ignored during the decision-making process and managers must understand the existing culture of their organization in order to achieve their targets and to meet their goals. This chapter presents the theoretical link between organizational culture and a variety of variables, which affect organizational performance and efficiency, directly and indirectly. Such variables are knowledge management, organizational climate, leadership, quality, innovation and entrepreneurship, human resource management, and employee behavior. This chapter creates the starting point to study the link between culture and organizational strategy, enterprising practices and change management.

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