Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Sin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don D Sin ◽  
S.F Paul Man
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Canada and elsewhere. It affects 5% of all adult Canadians and is the fourth leading cause of death. Interestingly, the leading causes of hospitalizations and mortality among COPD patients are cardiovascular events. In the Lung Health Study, over 5 800 patients with mild to moderate COPD were studied. Forty-two to 48% of all hospitalizations that occurred over the study's 5-year follow-up period were related to cardiovascular complications. Various population-based studies suggest that independent of smoking, age, and gender, COPD increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality twofold. Alarmingly, some bronchodilators, which are commonly used to treat symptoms in COPD, may increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and even mortality among COPD patients. In this paper, we discuss the epidemiologic evidence linking COPD and cardiovascular events as well as the potential mechanism(s) which may be responsible for this association.Key words: COPD, FEV1, cardiovascular events, C-reactive protein.

Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Are Accompanied by Elevations of Plasma Fibrinogen and Serum IL-6 Levels

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (08) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Seemungal ◽  
Peter MacCallum ◽  
Elizabeth Paul ◽  
Gavin Donaldson ◽  
Angshu Bhowmik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

SummaryRespiratory tract infections may acutely increase risk from coronary heart disease (CHD), though the mechanisms have not been defined. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prone to repeated exacerbations that are often associated with respiratory infections. These patients also have increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that transient acute increases in plasma fibrinogen, an independent risk factor for CHD, could occur at COPD exacerbation (mediated through a rise in IL6) and thereby provide a mechanism linking respiratory infection to risk of coronary heart disease.93 COPD patients [mean (SD) age 66.8 (8.1) years] were followed regularly over one year, with daily diary card monitoring of respiratory symptoms and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR); 67 patients [mean FEV1 1.06 (0.44) l, FVC 2.43 (0.79) l] were seen during 120 exacerbations. At each visit spirometry was measured and blood samples taken for plasma fibrinogen and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels.At baseline, the mean (SD) plasma fibrinogen was elevated at 3.9 (0.67) g/l in the 67 patients with exacerbations during the study and the median (IQR) IL-6 at 4.3 (2.4 to 6.8) pg/ml. Plasma fibrinogen increased by 0.36 (0.74) g/l at exacerbation (p <0.001), with IL-6 levels rising by 1.10 (−2.73 to 6.95) pg/ml (p = 0.008). There was a relation between the changes in fibrinogen at exacerbation and IL-6 levels (r = 0.348, p <0.001). Multiple regression revealed significantly greater rises in fibrinogen when exacerbations were associated with purulent sputum (b = 0.34 g/l; p = 0.03), increased cough (b = 0.31 g/l, p = 0.019) and symptomatic colds (b = 0.228; p = 0.024).Plasma fibrinogen levels were elevated in stable patients with COPD and may contribute to the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these patients. COPD exacerbations increased serum IL-6 levels, leading to a rise in plasma fibrinogen. Thus acute rather than chronic infection may have a role in predisposing to coronary heart disease or stroke.

Integrated System for Continuous Monitoring of COPD

2016 ◽  
pp. 536-553
Author(s):  
Kostas Giokas ◽  
Dimitra Iliopoulou ◽  
Ioannis Makris ◽  
Dimitris Koutsouris
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Integrated Care ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Chronic Cough ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive pulmonary disease characterized by reduction in airflow and is not fully reversible. COPD is the major cause of mortality and increased levels of disability, particularly in the elderly. Symptoms vary among individuals and include breathlessness, dyspnea, abnormal sputum and chronic cough. Exposure to tobacco smoke is by far the most important risk factor in the development of COPD and is associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality. In this chapter the authors will present a system for the integrated care of COPD focusing on prevention and intervention.

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