INTRODUCTION. Expanding the Analysis of Traditional Belief

2002 ◽  
pp. vii-xxii
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Belief

A study on the cinnabar-bottomed burials of the early Bronze Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
Guoshuo Zhang ◽  
Jun He
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Shang Dynasty ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Traditional Belief ◽  
Northward Expansion

Abstract Bottoming burials with cinnabar emerged in Phase II of the Erlitou Culture of the Xia Dynasty, which might be an important step of the interment ceremony of the Xia people, especially the elites, with the meaning of laying foundations for the burials in order to bless the deceased in the afterworld. This funeral custom became more common, which might be because of the northward expansion of the Erlitou Culture into southern Shanxi that involved absorbing or replacing local cultural elements. In the early Shang Dynasty, cinnabar-bottomed burials continued to exist, which supports the traditional belief that “Shang people followed the regulations of Xia”. By the time of the late Shang Dynasty, the popularity of waist pit burials increased while the ability of the Shang people to control the cinnabar resource declined, and consequently we see fewer cinnabar-bottomed burials.

scholarly journals Weathering the Storm: Supernatural belief and cooperation in an insecure world

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Anne McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Traditional Belief ◽  
Supernatural Beliefs ◽  
Belief Content

Religious and supernatural beliefs may facilitate social life by promoting and sustaining cooperation, but the specific cooperation problems each society faces may lead to unique belief systems adapted to local socio-ecological conditions. As societies mix and belief systems spread, local and introduced belief systems may present conflicting solutions to the same social problem. How do we choose among these different solutions? The present study recruits participation from villagers living on Yasawa Island, Fiji (N=179), who espouse both Christian and traditional beliefs that promote different expectations about local and distant others. This study focuses on the relationships among existential/ resource insecurity and supernatural beliefs across these belief systems using an experimental priming procedure and a dictator game to allocate food resources. Though reminders of insecurity had no impact on allocations, the effects of being reminded of Christian or Traditional belief depended on (was moderated by) how worried participants were about resource availability and beliefs about the Christian God’s tendency toward punishment or forgiveness. Analyses of interview data suggest Christian and Traditional imagery may evoke different conceptions of Gods as either supportive (Christian) or authoritarian (Traditional). Results highlight belief content as key for sustaining different social support networks and traditional belief/ knowledge systems as a source of community resilience against threats like natural disasters.

scholarly journals Investigating the origin and authenticity of Victoria Cross medals using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Marriott ◽  
James G. D. Prendergast
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mixture Modelling ◽  
Traditional Belief ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe Victoria Cross is the United Kingdom’s premier military award for bravery, presented for gallantry during active operations. Since its inception in 1856 just 1358 have been awarded, and, due to their rarity and historic interest, have become highly prized amongst private and public collections. Unresolved, however, is a debate about the source material of the medals. Some authorities adhere to a traditional belief that all medals have been cast from the bronze of guns captured from the Russians at Sebastopol. Furthermore, controversy is attached to the authenticity of some VCs. In this study we used X-ray fluorescence spectrometry data to compare the metal compositions of 100 Victoria Crosses, covering 7% of those ever issued. Using Gaussian mixture modelling we identify that Victoria Crosses fall into four distinct clusters, confirming that the primary split occurred between medals issued prior to and after 1914. Using these data we investigate the potential of X-ray fluorescence to inform the study of medals whose authenticity have been queried, showing some have unusually similar compositions to other VCs. This paper highlights how X-ray fluorescence data in conjunction with clustering approaches can be used to effectively and non-destructively investigate the authenticity and history of Victoria Crosses.

scholarly journals The Function and Role in the IBAN Social Rank in their Communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Fujica Anak Anggo ◽  
Louis Laja
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
The State ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Traditional Belief ◽  
The Status

The Sea Dayaks, better known as the Ibans, inhabit nearly the whole of Sarawak. The Ibans belong to the Proto-Malay groups and historically, they were from the Kapuas Valley in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. They migrated to Sarawak about fifteen generations ago in the mid 16th century (the 1630s). They went to the state through the Kumpang Valley and inhabit Batang Ai and then split to several places in Sarawak (Morgan, 1968). Although the Ibans have a social status in their traditional belief, they do not have a hierarchy of social status such as the Orang Ulu. However, they have elevated the status so-called Pengulu, Tuai Rumah, Tuai Burung, Lemambang, Manang, Beliau, Tukang Sabak, dan Indu Takar. The era of modernization has led to changes to the knowledge of the young generation, especially the younger generation of the Ibans who lack knowledge about the function and role of each rank status in their communities. Therefore, this study was conducted qualitatively through an interview with expert informants, observation, and documentation. This research was hoped to contribute to the general knowledge of the Iban community and other communities in the preservation of the function and role of each social status in the Iban community.  

scholarly journals The South African traditional belief scale as an instrument to aid culture-congruent health care

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Beuster ◽  
Gerhard Schwär
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
South African ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Traditional Belief ◽  
Belief Scale

Medical and psychological health care professionals are becoming increasingly aware that effective treatment in culturally diverse societies requires sensitivity to the patient’s cultural beliefs and customs (Davidhizar & Giger, 2001:2; Foley & Wurmser, 2004:2; Hickson & Christie, 1989:162; Mkize, 2003:4; Narayanasamy, 2003:1). Opsomming Mediese en sielkundige gesondheidsorgberoepslui word toenemend daarvan bewus dat doeltreffende behandeling in kultureel diverse gemeenskappe sensitiwiteit teenoor die pasiënt se kulturele oortuigings en gebruike vereis (Davidhizar & Giger, 2001:2; Foley & Wurmser, 2004:2; Hickson & Christie, 1989:162; Mkize, 2003:4; Narayanasamy, 2003:1). *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

scholarly journals Whistle Blowing: What Do Contemporary Ethical Theories Say?

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mpho Bosupeng
Keyword(s):  
Professional Associations ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
Whistle Blowing ◽  
Traditional Belief ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Accounting Scandals ◽  
Moral Standards

AbstractThe rising number of scandals leading to the closure of many large companies is worrisome. The traditional belief is that business and ethics are oxymorons and one is not expected to be totally virtuous during business operations. Nonetheless, this does not mean ethical standards should be side-lined. Professional associations such as the Chartered Financial Institute (CFA) uphold moral values and urge members to exercise high moral standards and diligence in their duties. Philosophically, major accounting scandals could have been nipped in the bud by whistle blowing before the wrong deeds escalated. However whistle blowing is a major issue and is viewed as disloyalty. In this paper, the dilemmas of whistle blowing are evaluated using contemporary ethical theories which are: egoism, deontology and utilitarianism. The analysis shows that deontology and utilitarianism are based on altruism and may support whistle blowing because they are grounded on consideration of other people. It is worth noting that morally upright adults are often a result of being brought up as ethical children from a psychological standpoint.

scholarly journals Tradisionele geloof

1995 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Dreyer ◽  
F. E. Mjwabe
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Traditional Belief ◽  
Black South Africans ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
The Church

Traditional belief Traditional belief is still very strong among black South Africans. Many Christians not only believe in Christ, but also in the spirits of the fore-fathers. The question arises as to how the  relationship between traditional belief and christian faith must be seen. It also poses problems to the church in South Africa, which is mainly orientated to the theology of Western Europe. Proclaiming the gospel in a traditional situation will only be effective if traditional beliefs are taken into consideration. This article uses oral tradition as a source of information.

The Jewish Background to The Resurrection of the Son of God by N.T.Wright

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-169
Author(s):  
David Bryan
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Son Of God ◽  
Traditional Belief ◽  
Jewish Thought ◽  
Bodily Resurrection ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
Made In

AbstractThis response to N.T. Wright's recent magnum opus on the resurrection of Jesus concentrates on his handling of the Jewish background to the beliefs about what had happened to Jesus. It was made in dialogue with the author at the British New Testament Conference in Edinburgh (Sept. 2004). In his study Wright vigorously argues that Christian beliefs stand out as both continuous with the mainstream of Jewish thought on the subject, but also introducing a new and unexpected element, namely that no one expected an individual to rise ahead of the rest of humankind. This conclusion forms the bedrock for Wright's investigation of the New Testament traditions about Jesus and his robust defence of the traditional belief in the bodily resurrection of Jesus as an historical event. The pivotal nature of his conclusion about the background beliefs therefore called for a thorough analysis of his handling of this material. This article goes some way to offering that kind of critique.

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