scholarly journals The Function and Role in the IBAN Social Rank in their Communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Fujica Anak Anggo ◽  
Louis Laja
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
The State ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Traditional Belief ◽  
The Status

The Sea Dayaks, better known as the Ibans, inhabit nearly the whole of Sarawak. The Ibans belong to the Proto-Malay groups and historically, they were from the Kapuas Valley in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. They migrated to Sarawak about fifteen generations ago in the mid 16th century (the 1630s). They went to the state through the Kumpang Valley and inhabit Batang Ai and then split to several places in Sarawak (Morgan, 1968). Although the Ibans have a social status in their traditional belief, they do not have a hierarchy of social status such as the Orang Ulu. However, they have elevated the status so-called Pengulu, Tuai Rumah, Tuai Burung, Lemambang, Manang, Beliau, Tukang Sabak, dan Indu Takar. The era of modernization has led to changes to the knowledge of the young generation, especially the younger generation of the Ibans who lack knowledge about the function and role of each rank status in their communities. Therefore, this study was conducted qualitatively through an interview with expert informants, observation, and documentation. This research was hoped to contribute to the general knowledge of the Iban community and other communities in the preservation of the function and role of each social status in the Iban community.  

scholarly journals The Status and the Role of ‘Chocolate’ Silicite in the Bohemian Neolithic

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Pavel Burgert
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Status ◽  
Czech Lands ◽  
Image Expansion

The article focuses on the chronological status of the distribution of ‘chocolate’ silicite originating from the area of south-east Poland in the prehistory of the Czech lands. The flow of ‘chocolate’ silicite across the Carpathian Mountains culminated in the period of the Stroke-Ornamented Ware culture (5100/5000–4500/4400 cal BC) in the area studied. Based on the analysis of the contexts of finds and the classification of the artefacts, the raw material is interpreted as an indicator of the presence of individuals or groups with an exclusive social status. Both the pattern of distribution and the status are common to other ‘exotic’ raw materials, especially for Carpathian obsidian, in the studied area in that same period. By comparing the spatial and chronological image expansion of both materials can lead to similar conclusions in their assessment

scholarly journals Issues of Primary and Secondary Education in the Activities of the State Duma of the Russian Empire (1906—1917)

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-255
Author(s):  
S. V. Darchieva ◽  
A. V. Darchiev
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
The Status ◽  
Legislative Initiative ◽  
Legislative Activity ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
National Languages ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The role of the first Russian parliament in the formation and development of the education system in the country is considered. The activity of deputies on the solution of the most pressing issues in the period from 1906 to 1917 is analyzed. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the consideration of the State Duma as the most important legislative body in the creation of the educational system in Russia. The discrepancy between the interests of the authorities and society, their different understanding of the goals and objectives of objectively overdue transformations, which is reflected in the legislative activity of the State Duma is revealed. It is indicated that a significant place in the national policy of the state was occupied by issues of education and the status of national languages. It is shown that as a result of active legislative initiative and the position of deputies in the development of bills “On the introduction of universal education”, “On the reform of secondary schools”, government spending on secondary and primary education increased several times. It is noted that as a result of the activities of the deputies of the State Duma of the III convocation, significant amendments and additions were made to the bill “On higher primary schools”, which was adopted in 1912.

Allies of the State: Democratic Support and Regime Support among China's Private Entrepreneurs

2008 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 780-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Bruce J Dickson
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Policy Performance ◽  
The Status ◽  
Private Entrepreneurs ◽  
Incumbent Regime ◽  
Satisfaction Evaluation ◽  
Democratic Support ◽  
Regime Support ◽  
Official Corruption

AbstractThis article examines the intensity and sources of Chinese private entrepreneurs' support for the current political system. The study presented here is based on data from a representative sample of private entrepreneurs collected from five coastal provinces in late 2006 and early 2007. In general, China's private entrepreneurs tend to support the current party-state and to be in favour of the status quo. Subjective values are far more important than CCP membership and relationship to the state in determining which capitalists are regime supporters. Among all the factors analysed in this study, democratic values, life satisfaction, evaluation of government policy performance and perception of official corruption play the most decisive roles in shaping private entrepreneurs' support for the incumbent regime. Only red capitalists who are former cadres are likely to be reliable supporters of the regime when subjective values are also considered; other ties to the state do not create support for the regime. The degree of regime support also exhibits considerable regional variation. These findings have important implications for the survival of the regime and for the role of private entrepreneurs in a potential political change towards democracy.

Mobility in the Margins

Transfers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopa Samanta ◽  
Sumita Roy
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Marginal Status ◽  
Kolkata City

This article examines the marginal mobilities of hand-pulled rickshaws and rickshaw-pullers in Kolkata, India. It traces the politics of rickshaw mobilities, showing how debates about modernity and the informal economy frequently overshadow the experience of the marginalized community of hand-rickshaw pullers. It shows how the hand-pulled rickshaw rarely becomes the focus of research or debate because of its marginal status—technologically (being more primitive than the cycle rickshaw); geographically (operating only in Kolkata city); and in terms of the social status of the operators (the majority being Bihari migrants in Kolkata). Drawing upon both quantitative and qualitative research, this study focuses on the backgrounds of the rickshaw-pullers, their strategies for earning livelihoods, the role of social networks in their life and work, and their perceptions of the profession—including their views of the state government's policy of seeking to abolish hand-pulled rickshaws. The article concludes by addressing the question of subalternity.

Is It a Masterpiece? Social Construction and Objective Constraint in the Evaluation of Excellence

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stoyan V. Sgourev ◽  
Niek Althuizen
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Subjective Social Status ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Online Experiment ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
The Status ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Art Evaluation

A key question in scholarship on evaluation is the extent to which the role of social construction is constrained by objective reality. This question is addressed in an analysis of the evaluation of artistic excellence. In an online experiment, we manipulate the subjective social status (both artwork and artist) and the degree of aesthetic complexity of the artwork. The results confirm the independent role of the objective aesthetic factor in art evaluation. Most importantly, we document an interaction between subjective and objective factors whereby aesthetic complexity serves as a credibility lever, amplifying or attenuating the credibility of the status labels. Excessive praise (i.e., a masterpiece by a world-famous artist) tends to reduce the appreciation of aesthetically simple artworks when status labels are questioned. However, the association of aesthetic complexity with the capacity to provoke thought may encourage respondents to take the paintings more seriously. Complexity is typically discouraged for standard products, but it can be instrumental in the process of singularization by stimulating visual exploration and sustaining interest over time.

scholarly journals Trzy razy res publica: Thomas Smith, Gasparo Contarini i Wawrzyniec Goślicki

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-104
Author(s):  
Iwona Barwicka-Tylek
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Political System ◽  
The State ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Liberal Tradition ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Civic Virtues ◽  
The Republic

The interest in Republican thought is on the increase again, now chiefl y thanks to the works of Quentin Skinner and the circle of so-called neo-Republicans (or civic Republicans) concentrated around Phillip Petit. They stress the peculiar perspective that Republicans have had on the state and society. This is seen in their distinctive view of freedom as the absence of domination, or attachment to the category of citizenship and the related role of civic virtues. These special characteristics justify, in their opinion, distinguishing the Republican trend of political thought (historically and now) from other positions, especially the liberal tradition. Accepting generally the above opinion, the paper draws our attention to signifi - cant differences within Republicanism itself. To do this, it cites the three conceptions of republic that were formed in the 16th century and refer to England (Sir Thomas Smith), Venice (Gasparo Contarini) and Poland (Wawrzyniec Goślicki). Although they were formed around the same time and have common roots mainly in Aristotle’s philosophy and Roman Republican ideas, each of the three perspectives views the republic from a different angle. While all three authors believe the coexistence of three elements – orderly institutions, wise law and virtuous citizens – to be crucial for any state, they rely in their deliberations on one element only. This has an impact on the way their conceptions fi nally appear and on the conclusions for the political system they draw. And so, Smith gives precedence to institutions, Contarini emphasises the key role of law and Goślicki gives primacy to virtue, concentrated in an ideal senator. Taking notice of such differences among thinkers openly admitting to an attachment to the Republican tradition should make us even more careful so as not to oversimplify it as if it were uniform and completely cohesive. Further, the awareness of such differences may provoke refl ection how justifi ed the use of the Republican banner is in respect of so different authors as, for instance, Machiavelli and Montesquieu.

Using sociometric methods and feeder order to assess social position in early finishing pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 83-83
Author(s):  
E. Genever ◽  
C. R. Webb ◽  
D. M. Broom
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Dominance Structure ◽  
The Status ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Social Status

Competition resulting in high social status and maintenance of that status within farmed pigs may have both welfare and economic consequences. Aggressive behaviours, associated with the establishment and maintenance of a dominance hierarchy, may cause poor welfare and skin damage reducing the value of pigs at slaughter. In order to investigate the impact of social status on welfare we first need to establish the status of individuals relative to their peers. In this paper we compare two alternative indicators of pig rank, namely: (i) aggressive interactions between individuals - the occurrence of aggressive behaviour from pig A to pig B is often assumed to imply social dominance of pig A over pig B; and (ii) the order in which pigs stand at the feeder - an advantage of attaining high social status in many populations is priority of access to food. Social rank of individuals based on observed aggressive behaviour can only be assigned once evidence for a linear or quasi-linear hierarchy has been established (Langbein and Puppe, 2004). In a population with a purely hierarchical structure we expect all triads of individuals to be transitive, that is A→B, B→C implies A→C. For observational studies it is unlikely that interactions between all individuals will be observed. Here we present a novel methodology by which we can assess the linearity of the dominance structure that is not affected by missing or null interactions between individuals. By conducting a census of all types of triad in a social network we can assess whether the subset of interactions observed provide evidence of a linear or quasi-linear hierarchy. Transitive triads provide evidence of linear hierarchy whilst intransitive triads, such as A→B, B→C, C→A, contradict the presence of a linear hierarchy.

ON THE PLANS OF THE FEDERAL EXECUTIVE BODIES AS THE DOCUMENTS OF STRATEGIC PLANNING

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Starostin ◽  
◽  
Alexey G. Dobkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Planning System ◽  
General Nature ◽  
External Control ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article deals with strategic planning, which is one of the main mechanisms for ensuring the purposeful and sustainable development of the state, economy and society. The adoption of the Federal Law No. 172-FZ of 28.06.2014 "On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federa-tion" in the Russian Federation marked a new stage in the formation of the state strategic planning system. The status of plans for the activities of federal executive bodies as one of the key elements of the system of strategic planning documents is considered. The practice of their preparation and implementation is analyzed, its shortcomings are studied, and possible directions for improving the current legislation in this area are proposed. The authors consider the status of plans for the activities of federal executive bodies as one of the key elements of the system of strategic planning documents. They analyze the prac-tice of their preparation and implementation, study its shortcomings, and propose all possible directions for improving the current legislation in this area. When writing the article, the authors studied the content of certain questions about strate-gic planning and the corresponding functions of the federal executive bodies of the Russian Federation. They revealed the problems of practical importance and proposed the methods and options for their solution. The authors used the following methods: system analysis, dialectical, logical, compara-tive-legal methods, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. As a result of the study, the following results were obtained: – it is necessary to ensure that not only activities and tasks of a general nature are included in the adopted plans, but also their detailing in terms of the expected stages of work; – the activity plans of the federal executive authorities, which are responsible executors of strategic goals and objectives, should give an unambiguous answer to how and when the strategic guidelines defined at the federal level within the entire array of strategic planning documents will be implemented; – the introduction of a systematic approach will allow to fix the risks of non-achieving certain strategic indicators and take the necessary measures in a timely manner; – at present, the role of plans for the activities of federal executive bodies in the system of strategic planning documents is unreasonably low; – the transfer of issues of preparation and control over the achievement of relevant strate-gic indicators to the level of the executive authorities themselves, in the conditions of insuffi-cient external control over this process, in fact, led to the loss of their managerial potential, depriving the state apparatus of an important mechanism for coordinating work in the field of strategic planning; - it is necessary for the entire system of strategic planning to revise quali-tatively the role of the plans of the federal executive bodies with the transfer of authority for their approval to a higher level with a simultaneous increase in responsibility for achieving the planned indicators.

STATE YOUTH POLICY: FROM PAST TO PRESENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Елисеев ◽  
Anatoliy Eliseev
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
State Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Young Communist League

The article deals with the historical experience of the formation and development of the state youth policy. The experience of state policy in relation to young people throughout the XX century is analyzed, the role of the Communist Party in the development of youth policy is showed, the role of the Young Communist League in the solution of problems faced by the young generation of the country is traced.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF TURKISH WOMEN IN THE POLITICS OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Professor Dr. Summer Sultana, Muhammad Amin Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Turkish Women ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of

This article is very important because the Sultanate of women has ruled nearly 130 years in the 16th and 17th centuries, when the women of the majestic harem of the Ottoman Empire [are true rulers of Ottoman Empire] and they have extraordinary influence on issues of the State and on the Ottoman Sultans. Ottoman Empire is one of the most prominent Empires in the history of humankind .It rules 623 years, more than six centuries. Its period starts from 1299 to 1923. It rules three continents and two seas .At its peak in 16th century Ottoman Empire spanned an area from Hungary to Yemen from north to south and from Algeria in the west to Iraq in the East. Ottoman Empire has strong rulers like Osman 1, Orhan, Murad 1 [martyr], Bayezid 1, Mehmed 11[Faith], Selim 1[The strong], Suleiman [The Magnified], all of them are great conquerors. They defeat European combined powers many times in all the battles.

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