§ 7. Sexuality, Gender, and National Identities in Twentieth- century Franco- American Exchanges

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-194
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identities

Beyond the Albanian–Slav Divide: Political Cooperation and National Identities in the Balkans at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-47
Author(s):  
Fabio Bego
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
National Identities ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Political Cooperation ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates how some prominent and less known Albanian activists perceived their Southern Slav neighbors at the turn of the twentieth century. The research explores the way in which the spread of nationalism conditioned the positioning of Albanians and Slavs in the process of identity construction and how such identities mirrored their reciprocal political claims. Recent scholarship has often emphasized that the affirmation of national ideas led to the fragmentation of Balkan communities by turning Albanian-speaking populations and their Slavic-speaking neighbors into “others.” My analysis expands this assertion by elaborating a theoretical approach that allows us to explore the impact of nationalism on the post-1878 Balkan context from a more dynamic point of view. National discourses did not only lay the foundation for a differentiation between the Balkan communities, but were also tools for promoting joint political activism. National activists often felt it necessary to cooperate in order to deal with the challenges posed by the surrounding environment, which was common to both Albanians and Slavs. Various contingent circumstances led Albanian activists to project long-term forms of coexistence with their neighbors, and to imagine forms of political, cultural, and social synthesis with the Slavs.

Reformed Theology in North America

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-170
Author(s):  
Paul Lim ◽  
Drew Martin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Reformed Theology ◽  
Contemporary Life ◽  
Immigration And Settlement ◽  
Christian Thought ◽  
European Immigration

The development of Reformed theology in North America is inextricably linked with the story of European immigration and settlement of the New World. Just as diverse geographic and political circumstances crucially shaped a variegated network of Reformed churches in Europe, the immigration of key groups and figures from this network brought a similar diversity of Reformed Christian thought and practice to the New World. These interrelated traditions then developed in the context of colonial settlements and ultimately hand and hand with the formation and development of national identities. In America, the experience and consequences of the Civil War and its aftermath fundamentally formed the institutional entities and cultural realities in which the Reformed tradition developed in the nineteenth century, and also set the trajectory for its shaping influences in the twentieth century, and in contemporary life as well. This background provides a key hermeneutical lens through which to see the theological conflicts between Reformed Christians who identified closely with the classical Protestant past and those who desired to drive the tradition in a direction more consistent with what they took to be its inevitable modern future. Reformed theology in North America today is thus the product of the planting of various Reformed roots in colonial soil in the midst of the transition to modernity.

The Edinburgh History of the British and Irish Press, Volume 3

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Print Communication ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

This volume presents a research-led, interdisciplinary examination of existing scholarship as well as new research on twentieth-century newspaper and periodical history across Britain and Ireland during a key period of change and development into the twenty-first century. It covers an important period of expansion (1900-2017) in periodical and press history across the four nations of Britain (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales) and Ireland, concentrating on how the development of twentieth-century print communication can be assessed via cross-border comparisons and contrasts. Its thirty-three chapters are interspersed with case studies specific to the themes covered, allowing synchronic and diachronic coverage via macro as well as micro studies. It is designed to provide readers with a clear survey of the current state of research in the field, drawing on contemporary methodologies, demonstrating the interdisciplinary nature of the field and offering an indication of areas ripe for further work. The impact on the field of digital media and archives will fully inform discussions of the print archive where relevant. While the volume meets a need amongst scholars of British and Irish culture, it will also be of tremendous value to those working in other national traditions, offering insight into press trade connections into European and trans-oceanic counterparts, highlighting matters related to national and trans-national identities, migration, skills and knowledge exchange and the place of such texts in a globalised marketplace.

National Identities and Twentieth-Century Scottish Migrants in England

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
National Identities ◽  
British Library ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Internal Character

This chapter presents a preliminary examination of the twentieth-century Scottish migrant experience within England by investigating notions of national identity as articulated by individual migrants. It also shows that the analysis of interviews with Scottish immigrants in England reveal ‘predominantly favourable accounts of life in England’ and indicate that ‘Scots did not receive a hostile reception’. The six interviews used here for the exploration of Scottish identity were sourced from the National Sound Archive at the British Library. For the purposes of this discussion, expressions of identity are confined to Scottish-born migrants. In exploring what Scottish identities meant to these migrants, the chapter is mainly concerned with personal manifestations of Scottishness. The internal character of Scottishness briefly outlined in this chapter can misleadingly suggest that Scots were integrated into the societies they settled in. Moreover, the testimonies indicate that interpretations of Scottish identity have for too long been reliant on domestic conditions in Scotland.

Scotland and the Monarchy in the Twentieth Century

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Finlay
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Significant Response ◽  
British Identity ◽  
Queen Victoria ◽  
350Th Anniversary

This chapter demonstrates that Queen Victoria had a talent for interpreting and manipulating history, adopting national identities and evoking a significant response. It also discusses the English reaction when the ‘Stone of Destiny’ was (briefly) taken from Westminster Abbey in 1950 by nationalist students from Glasgow University. It specifically explores Scottish perceptions of the monarchy as part of a wider British identity in Scotland. It begins by briefly outlining the ways in which Victoria re-established the notion of monarchy in Scottish society. The contrast between the popular perception of Victoria and her heir, Edward, is examined to illustrate how notions of Scottishness were significant in identifying the attitudes towards the monarchy. It then addresses the period surrounding the coronation of Queen Elizabeth as it took place in 1953, the 350th anniversary of the Union of the Crowns. It further evaluates some of the reasons why the effect of monarchy as a unifying factor in British identity has decreased in Scotland over the last twenty years. There has been a steady decline in the number of Scots who served in the armed forces in the period after 1945.

scholarly journals Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Jean-Michel Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Scientific Innovation ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Space Compression

The Introduction presents the historiographical context and main themes of the book. It situates the book within discussions surrounding the process of scientific innovation and industrialization during the Sattelzeit, the process of ‘time-space’ compression associated with the communications revolution, the role of networks of transport and communication in the creation of regional and national identities, and the emergence of a new, connected middle class during the nineteenth century. Bringing together these narratives, the Introduction introduces the book’s principal argument—that, once shorn of its normative connotations, modernization remains a useful concept to illuminate the process through which state and society were transformed during the nineteenth century, and that networks played a crucial role in producing the profoundly ambivalent experience of modernity most often associated with the turn of the twentieth century. It ends with a description of the structure of the book as a whole.

The Open-Air Museum of Bokrijk: Staging Pre-Modern Architecture in the Margins of the 1958 World Fair

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 295-315
Author(s):  
Fredie Floré
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Art Collections ◽  
Social Customs ◽  
World Fairs ◽  
Late Nineteenth

At many late nineteenth- and twentieth-century World Fairs architecture was an important tool in the representation of national identities. Pavilions at these Fairs offered telling ‘scenery’, against which to display old and new objects, machines, art collections, interior designs and social customs. They formed architectural settings that contributed to the staging of the nation’s vision of its own past, present or future. Furthermore, as the architectural historian Edward N. Kaufman has pointed out, the late nineteenth-century World Fairs were important forerunners of the first open-air museums. In these more permanent exhibition settings, architecture also often played a crucial role in the representation of national or regional identities. In many open-air museums buildings were conceived as important exhibits providing visitors, sometimes implicitly, with information about the nation or region’s past: information considered fundamental to its present or future identity.

“The Beauty of Other Horizons”: Sartorial Self-Fashioning in Claude McKay's Banjo: A Story without a Plot

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-460
Author(s):  
GRAEME ABERNETHY
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Harlem Renaissance ◽  
National Identities ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Claude Mckay ◽  
American Citizenship ◽  
Caryl Phillips

This article considers whether the novel Banjo's sailors and vagabonds, described by James Smethurst as proponents of “a transnational proletarian blackness,” provide a Harlem Renaissance-era alternative to Monica L. Miller's Harlem-centred notion of “subversive dandyism.” Indeed, author Claude McKay – a Jamaican who spent much of the 1920s and 1930s abroad before taking American citizenship in 1940 – has come increasingly to be regarded, as by the novelist Caryl Phillips, as one among numerous twentieth-century “writers for whom the national label is unhelpful if we wish to see the full nature of their achievement.” McKay declared that “a patriot loves not his nation, but the spiritual meannesses of his life of which he has created a frontier wall to hide the beauty of other horizons.” This article addresses Banjo's representation of sartorial self-fashioning as part of this critique of narrowly national identities.

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