Appendix B. Notes on Human Trafficking, Forced Labor, and Slavery

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-176
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Forced Labor

scholarly journals LEGAL PROTECTION FOR INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Brian Dananjaya ◽  
Lidya Marsaulina
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
Increasing Demand

The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the legal protection of Indonesian citizens working abroad from the perspective of domestic law and international law. The research method used is descriptive research methods and qualitative analysis techniques. The results obtained from this study indicates that human trafficking is a growing human rights problem in the international community, with a focus on prostitution involving women and children. Over time, changing times and increasing demand, human trafficking is no longer only in the field of prostitution, but also used in the form of forced labor, slavery, and the sale of organs. To regulate the protection of migrant workers, the United Nations General Assembly passed Case No. 45/158 in New York on December 18, 1990 which became the legal umbrella by issuing it. International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families. The problem of migrant workers working abroad is currently a special concern of the Indonesian government as a guarantee that the state's goal is to protect the entire nation carried out. Protection in the form of a legal norm from Indonesia and legal entities abroad is an important factor to support the protection of migrant workers. With the direction of international and national law, Indonesian goverments puts out every effort to carry out legal protection optimally.

scholarly journals Nurses’ Awareness Regarding Human Trafficking

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrica Ramnauth ◽  
Mary Benitez ◽  
Brandy Logan ◽  
Samuel P. Abraham ◽  
Deborah Gillum
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Nursing Theory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Confidential Data ◽  
Care Deficit

Problem: A review of the literature indicated that human trafficking is a worldwide problem and not all nurses in the healthcare setting were adequately trained to identify and care for human trafficking victims.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to further explore nurses’ awareness regarding human trafficking.Method: This quantitative, cross-sectional, non-experimental study with a descriptive design, studied the issue by administering a survey to nurses actively working in the field. The theoretical framework of forced labor and Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory were used to guide the study. The data were collected using SurveyMonkey®, an Internet-based confidential data-collection tool. The survey contained eight demographic questions and sixteen Likert-type statements. The researchers obtained personal email addresses and used Facebook contacts to send out the survey initially. In this study, a Snowball sampling was used to obtain nurse participants.Results: A total of 166 responses were received from nurses across the United States. The results confirmed that there is a lack of awareness among nurses about human trafficking. An increase in both training and education amongst nurses could increase the number of victims, which go unnoticed, being saved or provided with assistance. Nurses also must be more self-aware about the patients they are encountering and be more observant of signs that look suspicious. The most agreed upon statement by participants was that counseling should be available to people who are affected by human trafficking (M = 3.75, SD = 0.48).

Human Trafficking: Empowering Healthcare Providers and Community Partners as Advocates for Victims

2021 ◽  
pp. 089801012110455
Author(s):  
Marielle A. Combs ◽  
Tracy Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Holistic Nursing ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Community Volunteers ◽  
Modern Day Slavery ◽  
Human Caring

Human trafficking, also known as modern-day slavery, is a public health crisis and a growing worldwide crime exploiting approximately 40.3 million victims. A decade ago approximately 79% of human trafficking crimes were related to sexual exploitation and 18% were related to forced labor, but more recent reports show approximately 50% and 38%, respectively. Although sexual exploitation continues to make up the majority of human trafficking crimes, forced labor continues to grow at an alarming rate. The purpose of this paper is 2-fold. First, to empower healthcare providers and community volunteers serving potential victims of human trafficking in traditional and nontraditional settings with human trafficking identification training. This education should include the use of a validated human trafficking screening tool and the timely provision of resources. Second, to guide professional nurses in the holistic approach to caring for potential victims of human trafficking. The core values of holistic nursing practice and Watson's Theory of Human Caring are the pillars guiding mindful and authentic nursing care. Merging evidence-based practice with holistic care will boost victim identification and rescue.

Providing medical care for suspected human trafficking victims: Perceptions among a cohort of health care providers in Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybil Zachariah ◽  
Ashish Sharma ◽  
Corey B Bills ◽  
Htoo Ma (Tony) Ohn ◽  
Rebecca Walker
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Trafficking Victims

Abstract Background: Myanmar is a source country for men, women, and children who are subject to human trafficking and forced labor. Given that human trafficking and forced labor victims frequently experience physical and mental health concerns, healthcare practitioners have a unique opportunity to identify and assist victims. This study aims to understand the attitudes, perspectives, and levels of comfort for healthcare providers in caring for victims of human trafficking. It also seeks to understand the types of additional educational resources that could better equip medical personnel to improve care for survivors of human trafficking.Methods: A 20-question survey collected data anonymously from a convenience sample of healthcare providers that attended a one-day emergency care conference in Yangon, Myanmar.Results: While a significant number (70%) of medical professionals surveyed reported that they feel the problem of abuses for labor or sex in the community was "serious" or "very serious", a majority of them felt neutral or uncomfortable about identifying patients that are currently being abused in some way. Only 2% of respondents felt comfortable identifying victims of abuse. Over half of the healthcare workers surveyed indicated they would be interested in attending conferences, symposia, or lectures specific to human trafficking and receiving training in identifying victims and assisting victims of exploitation.Conclusions: Health care providers in Myanmar consider labor and sex trafficking as a significant problem in their community, but do not feel adequately trained to identify and help victims of exploitation. Given that even brief educational interventions can increase providers knowledge and self-reported recognition of human trafficking victims, there is a window of opportunity in Myanmar to provide training to currently practicing health providers.

On the Anti-Bribery “Watchlist”: Compliance and Labor/Anti-Trafficking Issues

2019 ◽  
pp. 675-696
Author(s):  
Andrew Boutros
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Labor Laws ◽  
Labor Practices ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
Federal Contracts ◽  
The Uk

Today’s companies must understand and prevent the myriad problems flowing from labor issues. Increasingly demanding, serious compliance attention and resources are now being focused on the emerging area of human anti-trafficking and forced labor laws and regulations as they relate to business supply chains. These mandates include the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act, the Executive Order on Strengthening Protections Against Trafficking in Persons in Federal Contracts, and the UK Modern Slavery Act of 2015. By enlisting or conscripting companies into the fight against human trafficking, child labor, and other “forced” or “coerced” labor practices, these laws introduce a wholly new compliance reality requiring accountability and supply chain compliance.

scholarly journals Re-Framing Exploitation Creep to Fight Human Trafficking: A Response to Janie Chuang

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 264-267
Author(s):  
Clifford Bob
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Obama Administration ◽  
American Policy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Way

Janie Chuang discusses important shifts in the way that American policy makers and activists have defined and fought human trafficking. As she shows, key aspects of the 2000 UN Protocol’s definition of trafficking have been whiplashed by changing political winds emanating from the Bush and Obama administrations. In the Bush years, a strange bedfellows network of feminists, evangelicals, and neo-conservatives directed American trafficking policy primarily toward sexual exploitation, pushing for prohibitions not only on forced but also on voluntary prostitution. Other types of trafficking were neglected. The Obama administration and its own set of civil society associates gusted other ways. Among other moves, it reduced the focus on sex, dropped the view that voluntary prostitution constituted trafficking, enlarged the trafficking concept to include all forced labor (whether or not involving movement), and rebranded the expansive new notion as slavery.

Human Trafficking: Sex Trade

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Bergquist
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Labor Trafficking ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
To Receive

The definition of human trafficking generally includes the commercial exploitation of persons for labor or sex. Although the International Labour Organization estimated in 2012 that exploitation through forced labor trafficking is up to three times more prevalent than forced sexual exploitation, sex trafficking seems to receive greater media and public attention. This article provides a historical context for sex trafficking, some discussion about the political evolution of sex trafficking legislation, current knowledge, and practice.

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