scholarly journals Al-Khawaja Yanni (Yanni the Westerner): An Example of Muslim-Christian Tolerance in Jeddah during the 20th Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassna Al-Ghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
Muslim People ◽  
The City ◽  
Islamic Society

Abstract This paper handles a unique example of religious tolerance and Christian-Muslim coexistence in one of the most conservative Islamic societies; the Saudi Arabian society, by going through the story of Khawaja Yeni, the Greek merchant who lived in the city of Jeddah in the middle of the twentieth century, integrated with its people, formed extensive relations with its Muslim people, and was able to remain vivid in the collective memory of its inhabitants despite his death has Christian decades ago. The Yeni model represents a model of mutual understanding and coexistence between Islamic and Christian cultures. It would not have mattered if the story had been in another Islamic country, but it was in Saudi Arabia and in the city of Jeddah, which is part of the emirate of Mecca, the holy capital of Muslims, this has made the story of Yeni eye-catching and intriguing. Therefore, I saw fit to give that subject a special care and a thorough inquest in order to capture the details of the social, cultural and religious life experienced and interacted with by this Greek merchant. In the absence of official documentation of the details of public life in the mid-20th century, the stories and news about Yeni remained only circulating amongst the inhabitants of Jeddah, and were not written or collected in an academic research that would have saved them from loss and made them available for specialists to study and analyze. Therefore, I relied on the method of “oral history’s documentation” and I gathered these narratives from the mouths of the men who lived and worked with Yeni. Then I analyzed these narratives and drafted them in an academic form that brings together all the narratives from popular circles about the personality of this wonderful Christian who gave a wonderful example of coexistence and integration into a very conservative Islamic society.

Carthage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara K. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Human Sacrifice ◽  
Roman Emperor ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

This chapter discusses the rise, development, and Romanization of ancient Carthage in the early Christian period after the formation of the province of Africa Proconsularis in the Augustan period; the physical topography of the city of Carthage, including the Byrsa, the Antonine Baths, and the amphitheater; and it describes the tophet or outdoor sacrificial area and whether human sacrifice was practiced among the Carthaginians. It also covers the life, influence, and African roots of Septimius Severus, the Roman emperor during Perpetua’s life and death. Also discussed are the social, religious, and intellectual conditions for pagans in Roman Carthage, who their local gods were (Tanit, Saturn, Juno Caelestis, Baal Hammon), and the connections between civic and religious life.

Making History to/as the Main Pillar of Identity: The Assyrian Paradigm

Belleten ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (276) ◽  
pp. 631-646
Author(s):  
Bülent Özdemi̇r
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
World War I ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
World War ◽  
Large Segment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Conditions

In the 20th century Assyrians living in Diaspora have increased their search of identity because of the social and political conditions of their present countries. In doing so, they utilize the history by picking up certain events which are still kept fresh in the collective memory of the Assyrian society. World War I, which caused a large segment of the Assyrians to emigrate from the Middle East, has been considered as the milestone event of their history. They preferred to use and evaluate the circumstances during WW I in terms of a genocidal attack of the Ottomans against their nation. This political definition dwarfs the promises which were not kept given by their Western allies during the war for an independent Assyrian state. The aspects of Assyrian civilization existed thousands of years ago as one of the real pillars of their identity suffer from the artificially developed political unification around the aspects of their doom in WWI presented as a genocidal case. Additionally, this plays an efficient role in removal of existing religious and sectarian differences for centuries among Assyrians. This paper aims at showing in the framework of primary sources how Assyrian genocidal claims are being used pragmatically in the formation of national consciousness in a very effective way. Not the Assyrian civilization but their constructed history in WWI is used for the formation of their nation definition.

scholarly journals КАРАКАЛПАКСКИЙ ПОСТОЯЛЫЙ ДВОР ШАРБАҚ

2021 ◽  
pp. 287-293
Author(s):  
Г.А Акимниязова
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Short Stay ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
The City

Развитие торговли и экономических связей привело к необходимости строительства специальных заведений, предназначенных для торговцев, путников, с помещениями для вьючных животных. Это в свою очередь привело к появлению постоялых дворов. У каракалпаков постоялый двор назывался шарбақ. Он были двух видов: для кратковременного пребывания, расположенный в черте города недалеко от базара, и долговременного пребывания, устанавливавшийся при въезде в город. Второй из них предпочитали путешествующие издалека. Посетители же первых постоялых дворов останавливались в нем для разгрузки привезенного для продажи товара, реализовав который в течение дня, покидали заведение. Функции шарбақ заключались не только в предоставлении приюта, возможности отдыха, размещения товаров и животных, но и в общении, обмене новостями. В базарные дни сюда стекались жители со всей округи для того, чтобы узнать последние новости. Для старшего поколения шарбақ был, в первую очередь местом проведения досуга. Постоялый двор играл важную роль в жизни каракалпаков. Об этом свидетельствует их количество. К середине XX века постоялый двор начинает терять свою значимость в связи с развитием городской инфраструктуры и появлением гостиниц. The development of economic ties entailed arranging special establishments for traders and travelers, with premises for beasts of burden. This resulted in the construction of hostelries. The Karakalpaks called them sharbak. There were two types of sharbaks: located within the city near the bazaar, intended for a short stay, and installed at the entrance of the city for the long-term visitors. Travelers from far away preferred the second type. Guests of the first type of hostelries usually stayed there just to unload the goods and sell them at the bazaar during the day. The sharbaks not only provided shelter, recreation, and accommodation of goods and animals, but also served as a place for communication and news exchange. On market days, residents from all over the area flocked there to find out the latest news. For the older generation, sharbak was a place of leisure. The hostelry played an important role in the social life of the Karakalpaks, which is evidenced by their large number. By the middle of the 20th century, the sharbak began to lose its significance due to the development of urban infrastructure and modern hotels

scholarly journals Activating the edge: Investigating landscape architectures potential to utilise transport infrastructures public life generating ability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jordan Kuiti
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Development ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
The City

<p>Transport infrastructure is a key aspect of any city. The ability to move large groups of people into and through the city can positively or negatively affect the public life associated with that city. With this in mind transport infrastructure is often designed in a very technical manner, which seeks to move maximum numbers of people around the system as fast as possible for the least amount of money. There seems to be a lack of embrace of other aspects associated with transport infrastructure. These other aspects include public life, place making, enjoyment, and what is the transport adding to the city? With the population of New Zealand’s cities increasing, more money is being allocated to transport infrastructure projects. With a change in approach these projects could work functionally but also offer other benefits, such as public life, new development, enhanced identity, and importantly a more liveable city for the inhabitants. Instead of the functional aspects of transport infrastructure being the only driver, a more holistic approach should be utilised which takes into account the social and public life generating potential. Wellington City has been chosen as a test site as it is an example of a city currently going through transport infrastructure upgrades whilst also struggling with future transport issues. Situated in a unique harbour setting the waterfront is split from the CBD with a traffic heavy six-lane road. The harbour offers a transport resource that is not being utilised. Ferry transport offers a new approach to transport in Wellington that offers greater benefits than just moving people around the system. This thesis proposes a fresh look at transport infrastructure in Wellington with the development of a ferry network designed to service the entire Wellington Harbour. Through researching the development potentials offered by transport networks this thesis argues that a holistic approach to transport infrastructure can have wider reaching benefits that just moving people around the system efficiently.</p>

scholarly journals Women of Fes

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
Emilio Spadola
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Public Space ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
Family Code ◽  
Mega Cities

The city of Fes, the once “bourgeois citadel” (J. Berque’s words) of Moroccoand once the world’s most populous city (1170-80), has in modernity beenunhappily bypassed for coastal trading hubs and global mega-cities. Materialand symbolic elements of Fassi power persist, however, and anthropologistRachel Newcomb’s finely researched and written ethnography identifies them in upper-middle-class women’s gender identity. In so doing, Women ofFes helps the fields of anthropology, sociology, gender studies, and Islamicstudies to illuminate the often-neglected power of class to shape gender in theMuslim Middle East and North Africa, demonstrating, not pointedly, thatclass divides women within as much as across cultures.Newcomb’s book concerns women of, not merely in, Fes, namely, a classof women of “original” Fassi families navigating the social ruins and newopportunities of daily urban life. Its disparate topics – urban rumors, women’sNGOs, reforms of the Moroccan Muslim family code (mudawanah), flexiblekinship, public space, a dépassé lounge singer – shift the book’s centerfrom class to gender and public life. Her skillful identification of class issueswithin the latter, however, gives the book a necessary coherence ...

scholarly journals Cycling in(to) Society: Integration and Social Mobility in Copenhagen

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Tanja Karen Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Social And Physical Environment ◽  
The City ◽  
Depth Interviews

Integration and the processes involved are increasingly becoming more important in anthropological studies as the world is globalising. However, individual experiences of migrants, especially those of women, are often not considered in academic research. Therefore, I aim to include personal experiences of migrant women by studying those in the context of integration in Copenhagen. I conducted fieldwork over two months in the city of Copenhagen through participant observation in a cycling course created by the Red Cross, along with several informal interviews and five in-depth interviews with key informants. This article examines how integration is perceived, whether intersecting physical and social mobility can aid integration, and what impact gender has on these processes. Integration in this context is argued to be a form of social mobility, one that describes a forward movement into society. The process of integration for the women considered in this research is aided by cycling, as moving through the city physically promotes social mobility. Cyclists learn to navigate both the social and physical environment around them, and they gain access to services as well as opportunities in the labour market.

scholarly journals Saberes, fazeres e memória coletiva: a trajetória social de barbeiros e barbeiras da região central de Porto Alegre (RS)

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Paulo De Miranda Araújo Soares
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Work ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
The Social ◽  
Knowledge Practice ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
The City ◽  
Everyday Knowledge ◽  
Over Time

A partir das memórias de barbeiros e barbeiras que trabalham no Centro de Porto Alegre (RS), pretendo problematizar os saberes e fazeres deste ofício, examinando as redes sociais de ingresso na profissão e a trajetória social ligada ao trabalho dos interlocutores. Assim, este trabalho procura articular as artes de fazer de trabalhadores manuais com a memória de um centro urbano que se transforma ao longo do tempo, incidindo em uma discussão sobre industrialização, urbanização e seus impactos sobre saberes e fazeres de profissões consideradas tradicionais como a de barbeiro. A pesquisa em questão, que deu origem à minha dissertação de mestrado, privilegia as narrativas dos interlocutores sobre suas experiências na cidade e a observação de suas práticas, gestos e saberes cotidianos relacionados ao seu trabalho. Palavras chave: Barbeiros. Saberes e fazeres. Trajetórias de trabalho.   Knowledge, practice and collective memory: the social trajectories of barbers in downtown Porto Alegre (RS)   Abstract  By considering the memoirs of barbers working in downtown Porto Alegre (RS), I intend to discuss the knowledge and practice of this craft, examining the social networks and the profession social trajectories linked to the work of the interlocutors. Thus, this paper seeks to articulate the handcraft manual labor with the memory of a town that turns over time, focusing on a discussion of industrialization, urbanization and its impacts on knowledge and practice of traditional occupations as the barbers. The research in question, which led to my master’s degree, focuses on the narratives of the speakers about their experiences in the city and in the observation of their practices, gestures and everyday knowledge related to their work. Keywords: Barbers. Practical knowledge. Work trajectories. 

Roman City-Laws of Spain and their Modelling of the Religious Landscape

2020 ◽  
pp. 332-345
Author(s):  
Meret Strothmann
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
City Council ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Religious Landscape

The Roman municipal laws from Spain tell us much more about the political constitution of Roman cities than any other document from the Western provinces. However, the fragments at our disposal do not provide information about the social and religious identity of the citizens and incolae. A short survey of Latin inscriptions in Spain shows that in Baetica, where the municipal laws were found, there is very little evidence for indigenous cults, in contrast to other Spanish provinces, numerous deities and cults are attested. It is suggested that municipal laws do not add much to our knowledge of religious life in the cities precisely because they were conceptualized as blueprints for different cities with different conditions. The lack of precise instructions regarding religious institutions is to be seen as part of a broader concept. Thus, in a paragraph of the late-republican constitution for the colony of Urso, the city council has the right to complete the calendar, i.e. to define the official cults. In the Flavian constitution of Irni, such a paragraph is missing, but instead another indication of local authority in respect to possible acculturation can be found: the founder is allowed to legislate, but only within the limits of Roman customary law. Roman cities in Spain were able to autonomously model the religious landscape in response to local needs, a capacity clearly expressed in legal terms.

scholarly journals Social Integration in the "New" Berlin

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Silver
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Fiscal Crisis ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ethnic Intermarriage ◽  
The City ◽  
Immigrant Neighborhoods ◽  
East West

Despite its highly visible physical reunification, Berlin has social fault lines that seriously challenge the city?s integration. This article reviews the multiple cleavages that crisscross Berlin?s social fabric and assesses whether and how these divides are being bridged. East-West, neighborhood, religious, national/ethnic, and socioeconomic fractures remain wide. Even the social construction of the city?s history and the embedding of collective memory in the built environment are occasions for division. Hopeful signs of increasing social integration, however, are found in the new memorials, creative multicultural forms, vibrant and diverse immigrant neighborhoods, ethnic intermarriage, and other indicators. Under conditions of severe fiscal crisis, policies such as housing renovation, the Social City Program, local nonprofit labor market initiatives, and expanded language instruction are among the deliberate attempts to promote social integration in the "New" Berlin.

Social and Economic Position of Women in an Ottoman City, Bursa, 1600-1700

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haim Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Popular Belief ◽  
Modest Improvement ◽  
Patriarchal Family ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Society ◽  
Status Of Women

Popular belief, if not serious scholarship, maintains that the position of women in pre-twentieth-century Islamic society was an extremely depressed one. And although scholars were always cautious on this point, the popular belief, shared also, it would seem, by many Orientalists, is a stubborn one. The low status of women is said to have derived from the fact that the patriarchal family was supposedly the backbone of the social structure throughout Islamic society. Women, it was supposed, were often secluded in harems and, therefore, were barred from participating in public life, which meant that they could not pursue economic occupations, or go to court to defend their interests and legal rights. Moreover, it seems to have been generally agreed that women were frequently deprived of the benevolence bestwed on them by classical Islamic law, which mitigated the extremities of the pre-Islamic tribal law of Arabia. Thus, Islam reduced the number of women allowed to a man to four, in order to ensure their better treatment. Similarly, Islam denounced the usual deprivation of inheritance suffered by women, and assigned them a share in the estate of the deceased, although this was very much less than that assigned to male inheritors. It has generally been thought that even this modest improvement in the position of women was never, in fact, effected.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document