Scientific Knowledge and Scientific Expertise: Epistemic and Social Conditions of Their Trustworthiness

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Carrier
Keyword(s):  
Social Participation ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Expert Judgment ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Expertise ◽  
High Credibility

AbstractThe article explores epistemic and social conditions of the trustworthiness of scientific expertise. I claim that there are three kinds of conditions for the trustworthiness of scientific expertise. The first condition is epistemic and means that scientific knowledge enjoys high credibility. The second condition concerns the significance of scientific knowledge. It means that scientific generalizations are relevant for elucidating the particular cases that constitute the challenges for expert judgment. The third condition concerns the social processes involved in producing science-based recommendations. In this context trust is created by social robustness, expert legitimacy, and social participation.

scholarly journals BOOK REVIEW: RETHINKING SPORTS AND INTEGRATION. DEVELOPING A TRANSNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON MIGRANTS AND DESCENDANTS IN SPORTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
Jacek Burski
Keyword(s):  
Social Participation ◽  
Women Professionals ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Transnational Relations ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Migration

Sine Agergaard, the author of “Rethinking sports and integration. Developing a Transnational Perspective on Migrants and Descendants in Sports”, is well known for her work in researches of migration, integration and social participation, especially in and by sport. In her previous researches she had used sport-based perspective to examine how migrants had integrated within hosting society, in what ways relations between newcomers, local communities and state institutions were established, and what were the social processes of migration with special focus on professionals as an actors and objects of these phenomena (Agergaard and Tiesler 2014; Agergaard et al. 2018; Agergaard 2017; Agergaard and Botelho 2014; Agergaard and la Cour 2012). She is also the co-founder and currently head of the International Network for research in Sport and Migration Issues. (spomi-net) In the mentioned works, Agergaard used different approaches and methods to examine both particular cases (like a problem of women professionals’ integration, ethnic minority into the field of Danish football) and transnational relations. Problems researched by the author refer to broader mosaic of interests tied up by the question: “How one can establish perspective on locally occurring but internationally connected migration-related phenomena in field of sport?” Summary of work (books and articles) establish Agergaard’s position as an expert in the field of migration and sport.

Ignored works

Thesis Eleven ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 072551362110439
Author(s):  
Esperança Bielsa
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Art History ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Art Worlds ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sociology Of Art

This essay interrogates ignored works of art as a special kind of object that can shed some light on the nature of contemporary art worlds, as well as on wider social processes regarding our relationship with things and with our past. It provides a materialist perspective focused on discarded objects as an alternative to a mystifying view of the artworld that takes artistic autonomy for granted and obliterates the social conditions of creativity and success. Ignored works are normally outside the reach of art history and the sociology of art, yet the increasingly bigger realm of unrecognized and unvalued art provides, after the failure of the historical avant-garde, a space where critical autonomy can still develop. This essay attempts to illuminate this mostly invisible realm by relating it to other similar categories such as waste and forgetting. Finally, ignored works’ connection to notions of authenticity is pointed out.

Capital Switching and the Role of Ground Rent: 2 Switching between Circuits and Switching between Submarkets

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J King
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Average Annual Cost ◽  
Rent Theory

In the first paper of this series of three, Harvey's ‘circuits of capital’ argument was discussed, and was linked first to ground rent theory, and second to forms of social change and crisis in advanced, Western-style economies. In the present paper these various theoretical insights are used to reflect upon the urban housing market in Melbourne from the 1930s to the 1980s. It is concluded (1) that average rent (average annual cost relative to wages), and thereby housing-related accumulation, rose virtually uninterrupted from 1932 to 1977, providing the incentive to the suburbanisation boom of the 1950s and 1960s; (2) that an extraordinary rise in average rent in 1973 – 74 (to be viewed as ‘absolute rent’) created an affordability barrier, inhibiting the ability of the housing sector to provide an outlet for speculative investment in the current ‘global crisis’; and (3) that differentiated shifts in monopoly ground rent (that is, price rises in some submarkets and falls in others) thereby became increasingly important in providing incentive for both speculative and productive investment in housing. The third paper will extend this empirical exploration to the social conditions enabling these processes, and in turn affected by them.

Virtue and Contingent History

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-177
Author(s):  
Laura Ruetsche
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Empirical Justification ◽  
Probability Calculus ◽  
Second Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Epistemic Aspect

Some philosophers of science suggest that a narrow calculus of rationality—the axioms of probability calculus and the rule of conditionalization—suffices to characterize the epistemic aspect of science, including the phenomena of scientific knowledge and empirical justification. But what if a rationality constricted to a narrow calculus is a rationality inhibited in its pursuit of epistemic aims key to science? This chapter uses virtue as Aristotle understands it to develop a broader picture of rationality, a picture that likens some varieties of rationality to second-nature capacities. It discusses not only the epistemic aims that might be advanced by the exercise of epistemic second natures in the sciences but also the social conditions promoting this advancement.

scholarly journals Social processes, program verification and all that

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA ASPERTI ◽  
HERMAN GEUVERS ◽  
RAJA NATARAJAN
Keyword(s):  
Formal Verification ◽  
Program Development ◽  
Theorem Proving ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Program Verification ◽  
Interactive Theorem Proving ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social

In a controversial paper (De Millo et al. 1979) at the end of the 1970's, R. A. De Millo, R. J. Lipton and A. J. Perlis argued against formal verifications of programs, mostly motivating their position by an analogy with proofs in mathematics, and, in particular, with the impracticality of a strictly formalist approach to this discipline. The recent, impressive achievements in the field of interactive theorem proving provide an interesting ground for a critical revisiting of their theses. We believe that the social nature of proof and program development is uncontroversial and ineluctable, but formal verification is not antithetical to it. Formal verification should strive not only to cope with, but to ease and enhance the collaborative, organic nature of this process, eventually helping us to master the growing complexity of scientific knowledge.

Moral Panics and the Social Construction of Deviant Behavior: A Theory and Application to the Case of Ritual Child Abuse

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Victor
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Moral Panic ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Moral Panics ◽  
The Social

The objective of the article is to develop a theory of the causes and transmission of moral panics. The theory is designed to explain forms of collective behavior, previously labeled panics, scares and persecutions. Part one of this article presents criteria for the identification of moral panics. Part two of the article offers models for analyzing the social conditions, which cause moral panics and lead to the social construction of definitions of deviance. Finally, part three examines the social processes by which moral panics are transmitted between different societies. In order to illustrate the theoretical analysis, the article presents information about the current moral panic involving criminal accusations of ritual child abuse by secret, satanic cults.

IMAGES OF SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN-CHINESE BORDER REGION IN CHINESE RESEARCH

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
N. Romanova ◽  
◽  
А. Zhukov ◽  
S. Kononov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Border Area ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chinese Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Circle

The article is devoted to identifying the specifics of ideas about the social security of the territories of the Russian-Chinese border area in Chinese studies of Russian-Chinese interaction. The analysis of Chinese research of Russian-Chinese interaction for the identification of ideas about social security is carried out by the method of historical introspection and conceptualization of ideas about social security and the factors of its formation. The result of the study is the conceptualization of social security aspects in Chinese descriptions of Russian-Chinese interaction in the period up to 70ties of the XX century within the framework of the Imperial Concept, where the key importance had a relationship between China and Russia, as a threat to security. The second result is to identify aspects of the Imperial Concept transformation in the period of 80-90ties of the XX century as a part of ideas proving the existence of a “Russian threat” and ideas, according to which Russia can have both negative and positive impact on the formation of the social security of the Russian-Chinese border. The third result is to determine the understanding specifics of social security in Chinese studies of Russian-Chinese interaction in the XXI century, where, along with the “Imperial Concept,” under the influence of the Western methodology, the concept of “social regionalism” was formed, which as the factors of the social security of the border region consider a wide circle of social processes, such as economic development, integration of the region, a policy aimed at resolving social problems and contradictions, strategies for the formation of regional consciousness and identity

scholarly journals LA RIBERA MEXICANA DEL RÍO SUCHIATE, TERRITORIO FRONTERIZO EN EXTINCIÓN

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Gómora Alarcón
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Gradual Disappearance ◽  
Communal Lands ◽  
Del Rio

En la frontera entre México, Guatemala y Belice hay más de seis ríos que atraviesan el límite del territorio del país guatemalteco y se vierten en el mexicano y en el beliceño. Pero sólo tres son los conocidos propiamente como ríos fronterizos. Dos pertenecen a la división de México y Guatemala: el Suchiate y el Usumacinta, y el tercero, Río Hondo, corre entre México y Belice. La desaparición paulatina de la ribera suchiatense, erosionada por los fenómenos meteorológicos, entre otros eventos, ha sido motivo de preocupación local, mas no internacional. Con base en el trabajo de campo realizado en la parte baja de la cuenca transfronteriza de dicha ribera, se presenta la situación actual de los ejidos y los problemas con que se enfrentan por los trabajos hidráulicos realizados para la contención y el encauzamiento del río, que no toman en cuenta la participación social de los actores locales.   THE MEXICAN RIVERBANK OF THE SUCHIATE RIVER, A FRONTIER TERRITORY ENDANGERED Conflicts caused by water resource plentifuL Along the border between Mexico, Guatemala and Belize there are more than six rivers that cross the Guatemalan border and flow into Mexico and Belize. However, only three are known as border rivers. Two pertain to the border between Mexico and Guatemala: the Suchiate and the Usumacinta. The third one, the Hondo River, flows between Mexico and Belize. Eroded by weather events, among events of other kinds, the gradual disappearance of the riviera to the Suchiate River has given rise to deep concern. This concern, however, is more local than international. Fieldwork conducted in the lower transborder water basin of the Suchiate Riviera identified the current situation of the communal lands (known as ejidos in Mexico) and the problems faced as a result of the hydraulic works. These works, carried out to contain and engineer the river, fail to take into account the social participation of local stakeholders

The Social Construction of a Perfect Market: The Strawberry Auction at Fontaines-en-Sologne

2010 ◽  
pp. 73-89
Author(s):  
M.-F. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Per Se

The article examines social conditions and mechanisms of the emergence in 1982 of a «Dutch» strawberry auction in Fontaines-en-Sologne, France. Empirical study of this case shows that perfect market does not arise per se due to an «invisible hand». It is a social construction, which could only be put into effect by a hard struggle between stakeholders and large investments of different forms of capital. Ordinary practices of the market dont differ from the predictions of economic theory, which is explained by the fact that economic theory served as a frame of reference for the designers of the auction. Technological and spatial organization as well as principal rules of trade was elaborated in line with economic views of perfect market resulting in the correspondence between theory and reality.

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