Immigration Relief and Insurance Coverage: Evidence from Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Bae
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Deferred Action ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Medical Financial Assistance ◽  
The U.S

AbstractI find that the 2012 Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, which conferred protection from deportation and work authorization to undocumented immigrants who had been brought to the U.S. as children, increased eligible immigrants’ likelihood of having health insurance coverage. Exploiting a cutoff rule in the eligibility criteria of DACA, I implement a difference-in-regression-discontinuities design. The insured rate increased by up to 4.3 percentage points more for DACA-eligible immigrants than for ineligible immigrants following DACA. Two-thirds of this increase is accounted for by upticks in employer-sponsored and privately purchased insurance. The findings are also consistent with immigrants becoming less averse to approach health institutions, and taking up medical financial assistance at a higher rate.

The Impact of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansions on the Sources of Health Insurance Coverage of Undergraduate Students in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 107755872110158
Author(s):  
Priyanka Anand ◽  
Dora Gicheva
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
The Affordable Care Act ◽  
Medicaid Expansions

This article examines how the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansions affected the sources of health insurance coverage of undergraduate students in the United States. We show that the Affordable Care Act expansions increased the Medicaid coverage of undergraduate students by 5 to 7 percentage points more in expansion states than in nonexpansion states, resulting in 17% of undergraduate students in expansion states being covered by Medicaid postexpansion (up from 9% prior to the expansion). In contrast, the growth in employer and private direct coverage was 1 to 2 percentage points lower postexpansion for students in expansion states compared with nonexpansion states. Our findings demonstrate that policy efforts to expand Medicaid eligibility have been successful in increasing the Medicaid coverage rates for undergraduate students in the United States, but there is evidence of some crowd out after the expansions—that is, some students substituted their private and employer-sponsored coverage for Medicaid.

scholarly journals Validation of Two Federal Health Insurance Survey Modules After Affordable Care Act Implementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Pascale ◽  
Angela Fertig ◽  
Kathleen Call
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
American Community Survey ◽  
Reporting Accuracy ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Accurate Reporting

Abstract This study randomized a sample of households covered by one large health plan to two different surveys on health insurance coverage and matched person-level survey reports to enrollment records. The goal was to compare accuracy of coverage type and uninsured estimates produced by the health insurance modules from two major federal surveys – the redesigned Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS) and the American Community Survey (ACS) – after implementation of the Affordable Care Act. The sample was stratified by coverage type, including two types of public coverage (Medicaid and a state-sponsored program) and three types of private coverage (employer-sponsored, non-group, and marketplace plans). Consistent with previous studies, accurate reporting of private coverage is higher than public coverage. Generally, misreporting the wrong type of coverage is more likely than incorrectly reporting no coverage; the CPS module overestimated the uninsured by 1.9 and the ACS module by 3.5 percentage points. Other differences in accuracy metrics between the CPS and ACS are relatively small, suggesting that reporting accuracy should not be a factor in decisions about which source of survey data to use. Results consistently indicate that the Medicaid undercount has been substantially reduced with the redesigned CPS.

scholarly journals A national study of the association between language use and health insurance coverage in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Garth Nigel Graham ◽  
Rashida Dorsey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Background: A significant proportion of individuals seen in US hospitals speak a language other than English. A number of reports have shown that individuals who speak a language other than English have diminished access to care, but few have examined specifically language barriers and its relationship to health insurance coverage. Objectives: To estimate the impact of language use on prevalence of reported health insurance coverage across multiple racial and ethnic groups and among persons living in the U.S. for varying periods of time. Design and participants: Cross sectional study using data from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey. Main measures: The main outcome measure is health insurance status. Key results: Persons who spoke Spanish or a language other than English were less likely to have insurance. Among Hispanics who speak Spanish or a language other than English, only 50.6% report having health insurance coverage compared to 76.7% of Hispanics who speak only or mostly English. For non-Hispanic whites who speak Spanish or a language other than English, 71.7% report having health insurance coverage compared to 83.4% of non-Hispanic whites who speak only or mostly English, this same pattern was observed across all racial/ethnic groups. Among those speaking only or mostly English living in the U.S. <15 years had significantly lower adjusted odds of reporting health insurance coverage compared to those born in the United States. Conclusions: This was a large nationally representative study describing language differences in insurance access using a multi-ethnic population. This data suggest that individuals who speak a language other than English are less likely to have insurance across all racial and ethnic groups and nativity and years in the United States groups, underscoring the significant independent importance of language as a predictor for access to insurance.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccine Rollouts and the Reproduction of Urban Spatial Inequality: Disparities Within Large U.S. Cities in March and April 2021 by Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Composition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas V DiRago ◽  
Meiying Li ◽  
Thalia Tom ◽  
Will Schupmann ◽  
Yvonne Carrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Socioeconomic Composition ◽  
Socioeconomic Considerations ◽  
Vaccine Availability ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Rollouts of COVID-19 vaccines in the U.S. were opportunities to redress disparities that surfaced during the pandemic. Initial eligibility criteria, however, neglected geographic, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic considerations. Marginalized populations may have faced barriers to then-scarce vaccines, reinforcing disparities. Inequalities may have subsided as eligibility expanded. Using spatial modeling, we investigate how strongly local vaccination levels were associated with socioeconomic and racial/ethnic composition as authorities first extended vaccine eligibility to all adults. We harmonize administrative, demographic, and geospatial data across postal codes in eight large U.S. cities over three weeks in Spring 2021. We find that, although vaccines were free regardless of health insurance coverage, local vaccination levels in March and April were negatively associated with poverty, enrollment in means-tested public health insurance (e.g., Medicaid), and the uninsured population. By April, vaccination levels in Black and Hispanic communities were only beginning to reach those of Asian and White communities in March. Increases in vaccination were smaller in socioeconomically disadvantaged Black and Hispanic communities than in more affluent, Asian, and White communities. Our findings suggest vaccine rollouts contributed to cumulative disadvantage. Populations that were left most vulnerable to COVID-19 benefited least from early expansions in vaccine availability in large U.S. cities.

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