Cash-Management in Times of Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Alvarez ◽  
David Argente
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Cash Management ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Management Behavior ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cash Transaction ◽  
Average Size

Abstract The incidence of COVID-19 has systematically decreased households’ use of cash as means of payment as well as the average size and frequency of cash withdrawals. We argue that the structure of Baumol–Tobin type inventory theoretical models and their extensions can be used to separate the confounding factors, such as the desired level of consumption and the choice of the fraction of consumption paid in cash, from the cash management behavior, i.e. the size and frequency of cash withdrawals. Using this insight we argue that the observed cash management is consistent with COVID-19 increasing the fixed cost of withdrawing cash. We use detailed data on ATM cash disbursements in Argentina, Chile, and the US to estimate how much the pandemic has changed the transaction cost of using cash. This estimation shows that if the intensity of the virus doubles in a county, cash transaction cost increases by approximately 2%. The results from Argentina, Chile, and the US are remarkably similar and robust to several forms of measurement error and endogeneity.

Cash Management Behavior and Failure Prediction

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (7&8) ◽  
pp. 893-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkki K. Laitinen ◽  
Teija Laitinen
Keyword(s):  
Failure Prediction ◽  
Cash Management ◽  
Management Behavior

From KISS to TASS Modeling: A Preliminary Analysis of the Segregation Model Incorporated with Spatial Data on Chicago

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAKU ITO ◽  
SUSUMU YAMAKAGE
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Agent Based Models ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Census ◽  
The City

AbstractThe ‘keep it simple, stupid’ slogan, or the KISS principle has been the basic guideline in agent-based modeling (ABM). While the KISS principle or parsimony is vital in modeling attempts, conventional agent-based models remain abstract and are rarely incorporated or validated with empirical data, leaving the links between theoretical models and empirical phenomena rather loose. This article reexamines the KISS principle and discusses the recent modeling attempts that incorporate and validate agent-based models with spatial (geo-referenced) data, moving beyond the KISS principle. This article also provides a working example of such time and space specified (TASS) agent-based models that incorporates Schelling's (1971) classic model of residential segregation with detailed geo-referenced demographic data on the city of Chicago derived from the US Census 2010.

AC Magnetic Susceptibility Study in Co/Au Nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 233-234 ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavol Hrubovčák ◽  
Adriana Zeleňáková ◽  
Vladimír Zeleňák ◽  
Jana Michalíková
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Relaxation Process ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
Ac Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Susceptibility Study ◽  
Average Size

In this work we report the study of magnetic relaxation process presented in the bimetallic Co/Au nanoparticles prepared utilizing the reverse micelle method. Structural analysis of the system using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy documented individual nanocrystalline particles of average size about 7 nm. Magnetic properties of the particles were examined by ac magnetic susceptibility measurements at temperature range 2 – 300 K at different frequencies of magnetic field. The relaxation process was revealed at temperature about 6 K. Application of several theoretical models on experimental data of magnetic susceptibility confirmed strong inter-particle interactions and novel superspin glass state in the nanoparticle system at low temperatures.

scholarly journals Antarctic Iceberg Melt Rates Derived from Size Distributions and Movement Rates

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Budd ◽  
T. H. Jacka ◽  
V. I. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
Antarctic Research ◽  
Average Size

The melt rates of Antarctic icebergs derived by Morgan and Budd (1978) were based primarily on the distribution of iceberg concentrations, data on iceberg size distribution being limited. Recently, more detailed data have been obtained, especially north of lat. 60°S which allow more precise calculations of the changes in size during drifting. On Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (ANARE) voyages each summer since 1977, observations of icebergs have included photographs, number per unit area from ship’s radar, widths, heights, and shapes. These data have allowed separate calculations to be made for tabular icebergs which give a clearer indication of the contribution to average size changes of melting, breakage, and rollover. New data from satellite transponders placed on icebergs have provided more definite estimates of the average northward and then eastward drift rates of icebergs near 90°E. Combined with the new data on size more accurate melt rates have been derived. Detailed measurements with expendable bathy-thermographs (XBT) along the shipping routes have provided more definite data on water temperature which allow the melt rates to be studied as a function of temperature. Historical data on iceberg locations have been used to estimate the melt and decay rates of the icebergs at higher temperatures.

scholarly journals Robot-assisted bronchoscopy for pulmonary lesion diagnosis: results from the initial multicenter experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Udit Chaddha ◽  
Stephen P. Kovacs ◽  
Christopher Manley ◽  
D. Kyle Hogarth ◽  
Gustavo Cumbo-Nacheli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Post Marketing ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Redwood City

Abstract Background The Robotic Endoscopic System (Auris Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA) has the potential to overcome several limitations of contemporary guided-bronchoscopic technologies for the diagnosis of lung lesions. Our objective is to report on the initial post-marketing feasibility, safety and diagnostic yield of this technology. Methods We retrospectively reviewed data on consecutive cases in which robot-assisted bronchoscopy was used to sample lung lesions at four centers in the US (academic and community) from June 15th, 2018 to December 15th, 2018. Results One hundred and sixty-seven lesions in 165 patients were included in the analysis, with an average follow-up of 185 ± 55 days. The average size of target lesions was 25.0 ± 15.0 mm. Seventy-one percent were located in the peripheral third of the lung. Pneumothorax and airway bleeding occurred in 3.6 and 2.4% cases, respectively. Navigation was successful in 88.6% of cases. Tissue samples were successfully obtained in 98.8%. The diagnostic yield estimates ranged from 69.1 to 77% assuming the cases of biopsy-proven inflammation without any follow-up information (N = 13) were non-diagnostic and diagnostic, respectively. The yield was 81.5, 71.7 and 26.9% for concentric, eccentric and absent r-EBUS views, respectively. Diagnostic yield was not affected by lesion size, density, lobar location or centrality. Conclusions RAB implementation in community and academic centers is safe and feasible, with an initial diagnostic yield of 69.1–77% in patients with lung lesions that require diagnostic bronchoscopy. Comparative trials with the existing bronchoscopic technologies are needed to determine cost-effectiveness of this technology.

Ideology and the US Congressional Vote

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Shor ◽  
Jon C. Rogowski
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Congressional Elections ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Congressional Voting ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Voter Preferences ◽  
The Us ◽  
Spatial Estimates ◽  
Voter Decision Making

A large class of theoretical models posits that voters choose candidates on the basis of issue congruence, but convincing empirical tests of this key claim remain elusive. The most persistent difficulty is obtaining comparable spatial estimates for winning and losing candidates, as well as voters. We address these issues using candidate surveys to characterize the electoral platforms for winners and losers, and large issue batteries in 2008 and 2010 to estimate voter preferences. Questions that were answered by both candidates and citizens allow us to jointly scale these estimates. We find robust evidence that vote choice in congressional elections is both strongly associated with spatial proximity and that individual-level and contextual variables commonly associated with congressional voting behavior condition the magnitude of its importance. Our results have important implications for theories of voter decision-making and electoral institutions.

scholarly journals Price Discovery in the U.S. Treasury Cash Market: On Principal Trading Firms and Dealers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (095) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
James Collin Harkrader ◽  
◽  
Michael Puglia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Limit Order Book ◽  
Price Impact ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Order Book ◽  
Limit Order ◽  
Limit Orders ◽  
Cash Transaction ◽  
Informational Advantage

We explore the following question: does the trading activity of registered dealers on Treasury interdealer broker (IDB) platforms differ from that of principal trading firms (PTF), and if so, how and to what effect on market liquidity? To do so, we use a novel dataset that combines Treasury cash transaction reports from FINRA’s Trade Reporting and Compliance Engine (TRACE) and publicly available limit order book data from BrokerTec. We find that trades conducted in a limit order book setting have high permanent price impact when a PTF is the passive party, playing the role of liquidity provider. Conversely, we find that dealer trades have higher price impact when the dealer is the aggressive party, playing the role of liquidity taker. Trades in which multiple firms (whether dealers or PTFs) participate on one or both sides, however, have relatively low price impact. We interpret these results in light of theoretical models suggesting that traders with only a “small” informational advantage prefer to use (passive) limit orders, while traders with a comparatively large informational advantage prefer to use (aggressive) market orders. We also analyze the events that occurred in Treasury markets in March 2020, during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Toward the Absence of Time

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Rodríguez Matos
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Cuban Revolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Modernity ◽  
The Us ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Political Time ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One

This chapter focuses on the concept of time at the heart of political modernity, particularly as it is embodied in various phases of the Cuban Revolution. It sets out a way of understanding a perhaps unexpected continuity in the concept of politics underwriting the Revolutionary State across different moments in its history. The chapter shows to what extent the opposition of the one and the many, the one hegemonic time of Capitalist modernity and the multiple peripheral temporalities that confront and fracture it, only serves to occlude the metaphysical structure of modern political time as a whole. The chapter is concerned, on the one hand, with the retroactive changes that obtain in our image of politics once we take into account recent developments such as the period that follows the fall of the USSR and the contemporary moment of “normalizing” relations between the US and Cuba. On the other hand, the chapter is concerned with the various theoretical models available to think the political temporalities at issue.

Research on US Education Abroad

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony C. Ogden ◽  
Bernhard Streitwieser
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Education Abroad ◽  
The Us ◽  
Measuring Outcomes ◽  
Contemporary Education ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Design Challenges

This chapter provides a concise overview of research in the area of United States (US) education abroad, beginning with a brief discussion of the changing role of US Higher Education (HE) and the ever-increasing momentum toward assessing and documenting outcomes. This is followed by a brief overview of the major trends in contemporary education abroad research in the US, with particular emphasis on research in short-term programming, and an assessment of the major methodological and design challenges. Because of their importance to education abroad and HE research, brief attention is given to the major theoretical models that have traditionally informed education abroad research in the US and the conceptual frameworks from related disciplines that may further extend education abroad research. Commonly used instruments are discussed in context of measuring outcomes. Some notable gaps in the existing research and needed directions are also discussed.

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