MICROBIOLOGICAL SCREENING AND DETERMINATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF THE UROPATHOGEN ESCHERICHIA COLI IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE CLINIC OF THE ALMATY СITY HOSPITAL №7

Бессимптомная бактериурия определяется как присутствие бактерий в моче беременных без признаков или симптомов инфекции мочевыводящих путей (ИМП). Стандартное микробиологическое исследование образцов мочи проведено с июня 2019 года по декабрь 2020 года у 800 беременных по программам скрининга на наличие мочеполовой инфекции (ИМП) в поликлинике городской клинической больницы №7 г.Алматы. Образцы были протестированы микробиологически по стандартным методикам, рекомендованных CAESAR. Выбор антимикробных препаратов (АМП) для включения в исследование чувствительности, а также принципы интерпретации результатов проводились согласно рекомендации Европейского комитета по определению чувствительности к антибиотикам (EUCAST). Представлены результаты оценки резистенности и чувствительности к антимикробным препаратам 138 клинических изолятов Escherichia coli, выделенных из образцов мочи беременных пациенток поликлиники №35 ГКБ №7 УОЗ г.Алматы. Основными уропатогеном в 66,3% являются E. Coli, меньше - в 15,9% Staphylococcus aureus и в 8,2% Klebsiella pneumoniae. Чувствительность изолятов Escherihia coli была для левофлоксацина (76,6%), комбинации пиперациллин/тазобактаму (73,7%), ципрофлоксацину (71,5%), тетрациклину (74,4%), но низкой для пиперациллина (24.8%), цефураксима (38,6%), тобрамицина (40,9%), цефазилина (40,1%), цефепима (40,1%); цефтазидима (43%), комбинации триметоприм/сульфаметаксазол (43,8%). Чувствительность E. coli к карбапенемам - для имипенема (73%), меропенема (67,8%), эртапенема (76,6%), а устойчивость составляла для эртапенема (13,8%), меропенема (16%) и имипенема (3,6%). Asymptomatic bacteriuria is defined as the presence of bacteria in the urine of pregnant women without signs or symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI). A standard microbiological study of urine samples was carried out from June 2019 to December 2020 in 800 pregnant women under screening programs for the presence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in the ambulatory of the Almaty city clinical hospital № 7. The samples were tested microbiologically according to standard methods recommended by CAESAR. The choice of AMPs for inclusion in the susceptibility study, as well as the principles of interpretation of the results, were carried out according to the recommendation of the European Committee for the determination of antibiotic susceptibility (EUCAST). The sensitivity of Escherihia coli isolates was for levofloxacin (76.6%), piperacillin / tazobactam combination (73.7%), ciprofloxacin (71.5%), tetracycline (74.4%), but low for piperacillin (24.8%), cefuraxime (38.6%), tobramycin (40.9%), cefazilin (40.1%), cefepime (40.1%); ceftazidime (43%), trimethoprim / sulfametaxazole combination (43.8%). The sensitivity of Escherihia coli to carbapenems was for imipenem (73%), meropenem (67.8%), ertapenem (76.6%), and resistance was for ertapenem (13.8%), meropenem (16%) and imipenem (3,6%).

Contemporary Resistance Status of Anopheles Stephensi against Insecticides in District Dungarpur, Rajasthan, India

Pyrethroids are powerful insecticides used in the vector control program with impregnated mesh, and residual indoor sprays. However, resistance to insecticide reduces the effectiveness. The present susceptibility study carried out against theAnopheles Stephensi to monitor the sensitivity conditions of An. Stephensi vector, which raises the need to understand the state of vector resistance in the Dungarpur region of Rajasthan, India in order to better report vector-based interventions. The sensitivity study was carried out by the WHO standard method using recommended diagnostic doses of DDT, alpha-cypermethrin, permethrin, and deltamethrin. An. Stephensi showed resistance to DDT from the entire study while sensitive to alpha-cypermethrin, permethrin, and deltamethrin. The study looks at the selection and circulation of the appropriate insecticide’s molecule for a vector control program as insecticide need constant monitoring to develop effective vector control strategies such as improving insecticide by applying integrated biological and ecological methods.

Molecular typing and antifungal susceptibility study of Aspergillus spp. in intensive care unit (ICU) patients in Indonesia

Introduction: Aspergillus exhibits a wide variation of susceptibility against antifungals according to genetic and environmental factors. Identification to the species level is necessary for appropriate treatment. Our objective was to determine the Aspergillus species involved in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) among ICU patients in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methodology: The incidence of IPA in ICU patients at six hospitals in Jakarta from October 2012 – January 2015 was investigated. It involved a collection of endotracheal aspirates (ETA), nasal swabs and environmental samples around the hospitals, phenotypic screening, molecular characterization, and antifungal susceptibility testing. Results: Of the 405 patients investigated, 31 patients (7.7%) were diagnosed with putative IPA, from whom 45 Aspergillus isolates were collected. Aspergillus isolates were identified from pulmonary secretions in 24 patients, from nasal swabs in 7 patients and from both pulmonary secretions and nasal swabs in 7 patients. The phenotypic method showed 33 isolates of Aspergillus flavus (73.4%), nine Aspergillus fumigatus (20%), two Aspergillus niger (4.4%), and one Aspergillus nidulans (2.2%) isolate. Molecular identification showed 27 isolates of A. flavus (60.0%), eight isolates of A. fumigatus (17.8%), two isolates of A. niger (4.4%) and one isolate of A. nidulans (2.2%), while seven isolates (15.6%) were cryptic species or mixed isolates. Conclusions: Susceptibility testing showed all isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, azoles and micafungin. Aspergillus flavus was the main causative organism in IPA cases in Jakarta, followed by A. fumigatus.

A Retrospective Study of Bacteriology and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Post Operative Surgical Site Infections in Orthopedics

Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is one of the most common post-operative complications and causes significant post-operative morbidity and mortality. The global estimates of SSI have varied from 0.5% to 15%, studies in India have consistently shown higher rates ranging from 23% to 38%1. The aim of the study was to know the etiological bacterial agents causing SSI and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. This retrospective study included 69 patients who developed Post-operative wound infections (SSI) during the 1-year period from April 2019 to March 2020. An analysis of SSI occurrence, the organisms isolated and antibiotic sensitivity pattern results was made. In overall surgeries conducted during the study period in orthopedics department at our institute, 69 cases were clinically diagnosed of having SSIs, including 51 males and 18 females with the mean age of 39.2 years. Out of the total 69 samples, 6 (8.69%) yielded no bacterial growth and among the rest 63 samples, Staphylococcus aureus 21(30.43%) was the most common organism isolated. The other organisms isolated were Klebsiella pneumonia13 (18.84%), Pseudomonas 11 (15.94%), Escherichia coli 5 (7.24%), Proteus species 3(4.34%) and Acinetobacter species 3(4.34%). Mixed isolates were obtained in 2(11.9%) specimens. Bacteriological and antibiotic susceptibility study is an important tool to treat infection timely and effectively in-turn minimizing untoward long term sequelae of surgical site infections.

Status of Insecticide Resistance of Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi towards Insecticides in Alwar District of Rajasthan, India

Pyrethroids have been developed as a powerful insecticide that is widely used for space spray and residual indoor spraying, with impregnated nets included in the vector control programme. Insecticide resistance reduces the effectiveness of pesticides. Therefore, the vector susceptibility condition of the Anopheles stephensi is monitored in order to select the active ones. The current study is being conducted in a malaria-ridden area in various parts of the Alwar region of Rajasthan, India, against the malaria vector An. stephensi. The Susceptibility study was conducted by the WHO standardized method using the diagnostic doses of DDT, Alpha-cypermethrin and Deltamethrin. An. stephensi showed intermediate resistance to DDT from all over the study while susceptible to Alpha-cypermethrin and Deltamethrin.