scholarly journals Cobb-Douglas Preferences and Pollution in a Bilateral Oligopoly Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anicet B. Kabré
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Cournot Equilibrium ◽  
Heterogeneous Preferences ◽  
Similar Action ◽  
The Public ◽  
Oligopoly Model ◽  
Asymmetric Preferences ◽  
Public Decision

Abstract In this paper, we investigate how pollution changes with preferences, focusing on a finite bilateral oligopoly model where agents have asymmetric Cobb-Douglas preferences. Producers are also consumers and the choice of heterogeneous preferences is related to the psychological foundations and identity aspects of group membership. We compare two strategic equilibria: the Stackelberg-Cournot equilibrium with pollution (SCEP) and the Cournot equilibrium with pollution (CEP). We show that considering the asymmetric preferences helps the public decision-maker to identify precisely the category of agents (consumer–producers or pure-consumers) for which a change in environmental preference parameters will most effectively reduce pollution. Furthermore, we find that firms’ emissions’ elasticity decreases with market power (when the market power increases) if their marginal cost is lower than their competitor. Finally, we show that when producers are also consumers, an action on pure-consumers’ preference parameters reduces more emissions than a similar action on consumer–producers, and this regardless of the timing of interaction.

scholarly journals Scanner Data: New Opportunities for Demand and Competitive Strategy Analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Cotterill
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Tacit Collusion ◽  
Scanner Data ◽  
Strategy Analysis ◽  
Price Response ◽  
Oligopoly Model ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Bertrand Price Competition ◽  
Reaction Equations

This paper reviews prior research by agricultural economists on the demand for food products using scanner data. Thereafter, a differentiated product's oligopoly model with Bertrand price competition is developed and used to specify brand level demand and oligopoly price reaction equations. The model has sufficient detail to estimate brand level price elasticities and price response elasticities which in turn can be used to estimate three indices of market power. The first index estimated is the familiar Rothschild Index. The paper develops estimates two new indexes, the observed index and the Chamberlin quotient for tacit collusion. It concludes with comments on how the proposed method for the measurement of market power in a differentiated oligopoly can be improved.

Unequal Treatment of Identical Agents in Cournot Equilibrium

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W Salant ◽  
Greg Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cournot Equilibrium ◽  
Unequal Treatment ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Antitrust Regulation

Oligopoly models where prior actions by firms affect subsequent marginal costs have been useful in illuminating policy debates in areas such as antitrust regulation, environmental protection, and international competition. We discuss properties of such models when a Cournot equilibrium occurs at the second stage. Aggregate production costs strictly decline with no change in gross revenue or gross consumer surplus if the prior actions strictly increase the variance of marginal costs without changing the marginal-cost sum. Therefore, unless the cost of inducing second-stage asymmetry more than offsets this reduction in production costs, the private and social optima are asymmetric. (JEL D43, L13, L40)

scholarly journals Marginal cost of contextualizing stigma of zoonotic diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Hu ◽  
Zhangqiu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wrong Side ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Leading Journals ◽  
The Way

In the scientific sphere, understanding the way naming rules strengthen the integrity and quality of naming zoonotic diseases and viruses remains nominal rather than substantial. Arguably, the looming worry is that the public is susceptible to the stigmatized proper names like German measles in the leading journals. Our survey indicates that some stigmatizing names have always come at the cost of unintentional sociocultural impacts, despite their seemingly harmless origins. This study first unveils that terminological evolution of German measles is on the wrong side of history.

Rome, Religion, and Christian Emperors

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-139
Author(s):  
Mattias P. Gassman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Role ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Competing Ideas ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Public Decision

The controversy over the altar of Victory shows how pagans and Christians expressed competing ideas on the public role of religion in an increasingly Christian empire. In 382, Gratian revoked funding from the Roman state priesthoods and removed the altar from the Senate house. Following Gratian’s death in 383, the Senate appealed to his brother, Valentinian II, through the urban prefect, Symmachus, whose communiqué was successfully countered by Ambrose of Milan. Recent scholarship has favoured Symmachus’ account, which it sees as an appeal for religious tolerance, and argued that the affair was decided by the power politics of a child emperor’s unstable court. In response, this chapter argues that Symmachus was actually trying to exclude the emperor’s Christianity from public decision-making. All religions may, for Symmachus, lead to God, but the old cults are Rome’s divinely appointed defence, as well as the bond between Senate and emperors. Ambrose put Valentinian’s duty to God at the heart of his appeal. Ambrose’s Senate contained many Christians, and Ambrose was bound to resist an emperor who endorsed pagan sacrifices (the closest either work comes to explicit political gamesmanship). Together, their works show how malleable Rome’s public religion still was, more than seventy years after Constantine embraced Christianity.

Public Participation in Local Regeneration Programmes in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-60
Author(s):  
Magdalena Miśkowiec ◽  
Katarzyna Maria Gorczyca
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ict Tools ◽  
Public Decision ◽  
Public Decision Making

This article describes how the public participation is understood as involvement of individuals, groups and local communities in public decision making. On 9 October 2015, the Urban Regeneration Act was passed in Poland. The purpose of the Act is to integrate the local activities of the stakeholders in regeneration. Engaging stakeholders is essential for proper implementation of regeneration programmes and is aimed at preventing degradation of urban space and crisis phenomena by enhancing social activity. The main aim of the article is to focus on different forms of public participation in urban regeneration. The study includes an analysis of the public participation procedures employed during the implementation of Communal Regeneration Programmes in Poland, as exemplified by the Olkusz Commune. The analysis is summarised to form a model of public participation in regeneration programmes, including suggestions for the use of ICT tools for consultation purposes.

scholarly journals Are Price-Cost Markups Rising in the United States? A Discussion of the Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanto Basu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
National Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aggregate Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Labor's Share

A number of recent papers have argued that US firms exert increasing market power, as measured by their markups of price over marginal cost. I review three of the main approaches to estimating economy-wide markups and show that all are based on the hypothesis of firm cost minimization. Yet different assumptions and methods of implementation lead to quite different conclusions regarding the levels and trends of markups. I survey the literature critically and argue that some of the startling findings of steeply rising markups are difficult to reconcile with other evidence and with aggregate data. Existing methods cannot determine whether markups have been stable or whether they have risen modestly over the past several decades. Even relatively small increases in markups are consistent with significant changes in aggregate outcomes, such as the observed decline in labor’s share of national income.

scholarly journals Towards Deriving Freight Traffic Measures from Truck Movement Data for State Road Planning: A Proposed System Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Ahmed Karam ◽  
Thorbjørn M. Illemann ◽  
Kristian Hegner Reinau ◽  
Goran Vuk ◽  
Christian O. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Data Processing System ◽  
System Framework ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Freight Traffic ◽  
Public Decision

To make the right decisions on investments, operations, and policies in the public road sector, decision makers need knowledge about traffic measures of trucks, such as average travel time and the frequency of trips among geographical zones. Private logistics companies daily collect a large amount of freight global positioning system (GPS) and shipment data. Processing such data can provide public decision makers with detailed freight traffic measures, which are necessary for making different planning decisions. The present paper proposes a system framework to be used in the research project “A new system for sharing data between logistics companies and public infrastructure authorities: improving infrastructure while maintaining competitive advantage”. Previous studies ignored the fact that the primary step for delivering valuable and usable data processing systems is to consider the final user’s needs when developing the system framework. Unlike existing studies, this paper develops the system framework through applying a user-centred design approach combining three main steps. The first step is to identify the specific traffic measures that satisfy the public decision makers’ planning needs. The second step aims to identify the different types of freight data required as inputs to the data processing system, while the third step illustrates the procedures needed to process the shared freight data. To do so, the current work employs methods of literature review and users’ need identification in applying a user-centralized approach. In addition, we develop a systematic assessment of the coverage and sufficiency of the currently acquired data. Finally, we illustrate the detailed functionality of the data processing system and provide an application case to illustrate its procedures.

The Empirical Research of the Northeast Local Governments Public Policy Implementation Ability

2010 ◽  
Vol 171-172 ◽  
pp. 760-763
Author(s):  
Zhao Ji Yu ◽  
Na Chao ◽  
Chang Hai Su
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Implementation Problem ◽  
Public Policy Implementation ◽  
Correlation Factors ◽  
Public Decision

Public policy implementation problem is a kind of common phenomenon. It needs to consider the influence of the correlation factors in order to analyze the obstacle factors of policy implementation. The policy implementation is the very important link and extremely complexly in the process of the policy implementation. It is very significant to analyze the factors in the process of policy implementation, it can help us to understand the public decision-making. In the current, there are many problems in local government public policy implementation, those problems have affected the implementation of national public policy and the healthy development of society, Through the research of the northeast local governments public policy implementation ability, several suggestions can be given in order to enhance the implementation ability.

GLOBAL BIFURCATIONS IN DUOPOLY WHEN THE COURNOT POINT IS DESTABILIZED VIA A SUBCRITICAL NEIMARK BIFURCATION

2006 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA AGLIARI ◽  
LAURA GARDINI ◽  
TONU PUU
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Demand Function ◽  
Global Bifurcations ◽  
Cournot Equilibrium ◽  
Oligopoly Model ◽  
Marginal Costs

An adaptive oligopoly model, where the demand function is isoelastic and the competitors operate under constant marginal costs, is considered. The Cournot equilibrium point then loses stability through a subcritical Neimark bifurcation. The present paper focuses some global bifurcations, which precede the Neimark bifurcation, and produce other attractors which coexist with the still attractive Cournot fixed point.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document