scholarly journals Ultraweak photon emission in strawberry fruit during ripening and aging is related to energy level

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinli Guo ◽  
Guanyu Zhu ◽  
Lianguo Li ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Shuang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Cellular Energy ◽  
Living Organisms

AbstractBackgroundUltra-weak photon emission (UPE), or biophoton emission, is a phenomenon observed in various living organisms, including plants. In this study, we analyzed the UPE from ripening strawberry fruits, to elucidate its source and association with cellular energy.MethodsFreshly harvested and stored strawberry fruits were measured for levels of UPE and energy molecules adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). The associations between them were calculated.ResultsIn ripening fruit, a decrease in UPE positively correlated with declining levels of ATP, AMP, and energy charge. In harvested fruits, levels of UPE, ATP, and energy charge declined, but ADP and AMP increased.ConclusionChanges in UPE levels synchronized with changes in ATP and energy charge, which reflect cellular energy levels. Thus, cellular energy may be related to UPE, and may be an energy source for UPE.

Studies on the Mechanism whereby Platelets are Clumped by Adenosine Diphosphate

1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 036-051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. H Spaet ◽  
Ilze Lejnieks
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Divalent Cation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Binding Reaction ◽  
Platelet Poor Plasma ◽  
Suitable Medium

SummaryThe effect of platelets on C14-labeled adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was studied. It was found that :1. A small amount of radioactive ADP in platelet-rich plasma became irreversibly bound to platelets, but on extraction radioactivity was found as a conversion mixture of adenine nucleotides resembling that in the platelet pool. Red cells showed similar binding and conversion, but only platelets were clumped by ADP. Nucleotides with little or no clumping activity (ATP, AMP and adenosine) bound to platelets and red cells in a manner similar to that of ADP, and they also yielded similar intracellular conversion products.2. Platelet-poor plasma converted ADP into adenosine monophosphate (AMP), but this activity was destroyed at 56° C in 10 minutes. Heated, platelet- poor plasma was a suitable medium for washing and suspending platelets in these studies.3. Platelets washed and suspended in heated plasma were clumped by ADP and produced ADP-dephosphorylation only in the presence of divalent cation. Red cells showed no ability to dephosphorylate ADP in this system.4. Platelets washed in saline or studied in the presence of excess AMP were not clumped by ADP nor did they yield ADP-dephosphorylation. Benadryl inhibited platelet clumping, but was without effect on ADP-dephosphorylation.It is suggested that ADP clumps platelets by serving as an energy source to activate a binding reaction as yet unidentified.

scholarly journals The Effect of Training on Erythrocyte Energy Status and Plasma Purine Metabolites in Athletes

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Pospieszna ◽  
Krzysztof Kusy ◽  
Ewa Maria Słomińska ◽  
Wioleta Dudzinska ◽  
Monika Ciekot-Sołtysiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Exercise Load ◽  
Purine Metabolites ◽  
Competitive Athletes ◽  
Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase

This study aimed to assess the changes in red blood cell (RBC) energy status and plasma purine metabolites concentration over a one-year training cycle in endurance-trained (EN; n = 11, 20–26 years), and sprint-trained (SP; n = 11, 20–30 years) competitive athletes in comparison to recreationally-trained individuals (RE; n = 11, 20–26 years). Somatic, physiological, and biochemical variables were measured in four training phases differing in exercise load profile: transition, general, specific, and competition. Significantly highest values of RBC adenylate energy charge (AEC; p ≤ 0.001), ATP-to-ADP and ADP-to-AMP ratios (p ≤ 0.05), and plasma levels of adenosine (Ado; p ≤ 0.05) were noted in the competition phase in the EN and SP, but not in the RE group. Significantly lowest plasma levels of adenosine diphosphate (ADP; p ≤ 0.05), adenosine monophosphate (AMP; p ≤ 0.001), inosine (Ino; p ≤ 0.001), and hypoxanthine (Hx; p ≤ 0.001) accompanied by higher erythrocyte hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) activity (p ≤ 0.001), were observed in the competition phase in both athletic groups. No significant alterations were found in the erythrocyte concentration of guanine nucleotides in any group. In conclusion, periodized training of competitive athletes’ results in a favorable adaptation of RBC metabolism. The observed changes cover improved RBC energy status (increased AEC and ATP/ADP ratio) and reduced purine loss with more efficient erythrocyte purine pool recovery (increased HGPRT activity and plasma levels of Ado; decreased Hx and Ino concentration).

scholarly journals Effects of Melatonin on Morphological Characteristics, Mineral Nutrition, Nitrogen Metabolism, and Energy Status in Alfalfa Under High-Nitrate Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Chen ◽  
Xinlong Cao ◽  
Junpeng Niu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Shoot Height

Melatonin is an indoleamine small molecular substance that has been shown to play an important role in the growth, development, and stress response of plants. The effects of melatonin on the morphological characteristics, mineral nutrition, nitrogen metabolism, and energy status in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under high-nitrate stress were studied. The alfalfa plants were treated with water (CK), 200 mmol L−1 nitrates (HN), or 200 mmol L−1 nitrates + 0.1 mmol L−1 melatonin (HN+MT), and then were sampled for measurements on days 0 and 10, respectively. The results showed that the HN treatment resulted in a decrease in the morphological characteristics (such as shoot height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and biomass), phosphorus, soluble protein (SP), nitrogen-related enzymes activities and gene relative expression, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and energy charge (EC). It also caused an increase in nitrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). However, these parameters were conversely changed in the HN+MT treatment. Besides, these parameters were closely related to each other, and were divided into two principal components. It reveals that melatonin plays an important role in modulating the morphology, mineral nutrition, nitrogen metabolism and energy status, thereby alleviating the adverse effects of high-nitrate stress and improving the growth of alfalfa.

Kinetic properties of glutamate dehydrogenase from the gills of Arapaima gigas and Osteoglossum bicirrhosum

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. A. Fields ◽  
W. R. Driedzic ◽  
C. J. French ◽  
P. W. Hochachka
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Guanosine Diphosphate ◽  
Arapaima Gigas ◽  
Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Glutamate dehydrogenase was isolated from the gills of Arapaima gigas and Osteoglossum bicirrhosum and kinetically characterized, in order to determine whether there was any alteration in the ability of the gills to generate ammonia associated with the development of an air-breathing life-style. The catalytic and regulatory properties of both enzymes were found to be very similar. They were activated by leucine, adenosine monophosphate, and adenosine diphosphate, and inhibited by guanosine triphosphate, guanosine diphosphate, and adenosine triphosphate. Inhibition by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide was strong in both cases. It was concluded that both enzymes were regulated by a combination of the energy charge of the cell and the redox potential. There is no evidence for any qualitative alteration of the gills to produce ammonia from amino acids in the air breather, Arapaima gigas, as compared with the water breather, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum.

Reversibility of mechanical and biochemical changes in smooth muscle due to anoxia and substrate depletion

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Knull ◽  
D Bose
Keyword(s):  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Atp Depletion ◽  
Partial Restoration ◽  
Adenylate Pool

The effect of temporary glucose and oxygen deprivation on isometric tension as well as content of glycogen, creatine phosphate (CP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and adenylate pool (AP) were studied in potassium-contracted guinea pig isolated taenia coli. Under aerobic conditions glucose removal caused a decrease in tension, glycogen, CP, ATP, and energy charge; ADP and AMP increased, keeping the adenylate pool size unchanged. During rigor caused by additional anoxia, there was an increase in tension associated with further decrease in ATP and marked reduction of adenylate pool. Restoration of oxygen supply caused only a small increase in ATP that, though sufficient for abolishing rigor, was insufficient to support potassium contraction. Restoration of both glucose and oxygen did not restore tension even though ATP stores were increased further. Elevation of extracellular calcium caused partial restoration of tension, suggesting that the defect was in calcium metabolism rather than energy metabolism. During recovery AP remained low, possibly due to deamination of AMP. Anoxia in the presence of glucose reduced ATP to a concentration similar to that due to aerobic glucose deprivation but tension decreased much less. This result is consistent with different degrees of ATP depletion in various functional (Ca pump vs. contractile mechanism) compartments.

scholarly journals Leucine or carbohydrate supplementation reduces AMPK and eEF2 phosphorylation and extends postprandial muscle protein synthesis in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (6) ◽  
pp. E1236-E1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel J. Wilson ◽  
Donald K. Layman ◽  
Christopher J. Moulton ◽  
Layne E. Norton ◽  
Tracy G. Anthony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Cellular Energy ◽  
Mtorc1 Signaling

Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) increases after consumption of a protein-containing meal but returns to baseline values within 3 h despite continued elevations of plasma amino acids and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1) signaling. This study evaluated the potential for supplemental leucine (Leu), carbohydrates (CHO), or both to prolong elevated MPS after a meal. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (∼270 g) trained to consume three meals daily were food deprived for 12 h, and then blood and gastrocnemius muscle were collected 0, 90, or 180 min after a standard 4-g test meal (20% whey protein). At 135 min postmeal, rats were orally administered 2.63 g of CHO, 270 mg of Leu, both, or water (sham control). Following test meal consumption, MPS peaked at 90 min and then returned to basal ( time 0) rates at 180 min, although ribosomal protein S6 kinase and eIF4E-binding protein-1 phosphorylation remained elevated. In contrast, rats administered Leu and/or CHO supplements at 135 min postmeal maintained peak MPS through 180 min. MPS was inversely associated with the phosphorylation states of translation elongation factor 2, the “cellular energy sensor” adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα) and its substrate acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and increases in the ratio of AMP/ATP. We conclude that the incongruity between MPS and mTORC1 at 180 min reflects a block in translation elongation due to reduced cellular energy. Administering Leu or CHO supplements ∼2 h after a meal maintains cellular energy status and extends the postprandial duration of MPS.

Selective sensing of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) over adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and inorganic phosphates with zinc(II)-dipicolylamine-containing gold nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Reinke ◽  
Marcus Koch ◽  
Christine Müller-Renno ◽  
Stefan Kubik
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Triethylene Glycol ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Mixed Monolayer ◽  
Inorganic Phosphates

Mixed monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles containing surface-bound triethylene glycol and dipicolylamine groups aggregated in water/methanol, 1:2 (v/v) in the presence of nucleotides, if the solution also contained zinc(II) nitrate to convert...

scholarly journals Diesel in Antarctica and a Bibliometric Study on Its Indigenous Microorganisms as Remediation Agent

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1512
Author(s):  
Rasidnie Razin Wong ◽  
Zheng Syuen Lim ◽  
Noor Azmi Shaharuddin ◽  
Azham Zulkharnain ◽  
Claudio Gomez-Fuentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Bibliometric Study ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Living Organisms

Diesel acts as a main energy source to complement human activities in Antarctica. However, the increased expedition in Antarctica has threatened the environment as well as its living organisms. While more efforts on the use of renewable energy are being done, most activities in Antarctica still depend heavily on the use of diesel. Diesel contaminants in their natural state are known to be persistent, complex and toxic. The low temperature in Antarctica worsens these issues, making pollutants more significantly toxic to their environment and indigenous organisms. A bibliometric analysis had demonstrated a gradual increase in the number of studies on the microbial hydrocarbon remediation in Antarctica over the year. It was also found that these studies were dominated by those that used bacteria as remediating agents, whereas very little focus was given on fungi and microalgae. This review presents a summary of the collective and past understanding to the current findings of Antarctic microbial enzymatic degradation of hydrocarbons as well as its genotypic adaptation to the extreme low temperature.

Discovery of InsP6-kinases as InsP6-dephosphorylating enzymes provides a new mechanism of cytosolic InsP6 degradation driven by the cellular ATP/ADP ratio

2014 ◽  
Vol 462 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Wundenberg ◽  
Nicole Grabinski ◽  
Hongying Lin ◽  
Georg W. Mayr
Keyword(s):  
Energy Charge ◽  
Inositol Hexakisphosphate ◽  
Cellular Energy

Inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) kinases are identified as InsP6 phosphorylating and dephosphorylating enzymes synthesizing either 5PP-InsP5 or Ins(2,3,4,5,6)P5. Their respective activity for InsP6 is dependent on the ATP/ADP ratio, thus acting as a cellular energy charge sensor.

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