The more data, the better: A usage-based account of the English comparative correlative construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hoffmann ◽  
Jakob Horsch ◽  
Thomas Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Construction Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Specific Construction

AbstractLanguages are complex systems that allow speakers to produce novel grammatical utterances. Yet, linguists differ as to how general and abstract they think the mental representation of speakers have to be to give rise to this grammatical creativity. In order to shed light on these questions, the present study looks at one specific construction type, English comparative correlatives, that turns out to be particularly interesting in this context: on the one hand it has been described in terms of one of the most abstract and general syntactic rules, on the other hand it shows specific idiomatic structures that are often produced without any variation (e.g. the more, the merrier). While the syntax and semantics of the English Comparative Correlative (CC) construction have received considerable attention in the literature, so far only a small number of usage-based analyses have been published on the topic. These either only relied on small databases or focussed only on the productivity of one slot in the construction. In contrast to this, the present study analyses more than 1,400 CC tokens sampled from COCA. The results of the present study yield important results concerning English CC constructions, including the schematicity and generality of their mental representations.

scholarly journals Tilbake til det neumiske: Fortolkning og dialektikk hos Adorno og Harnoncourt

2020 ◽  
pp. 215-242
Author(s):  
Emil Bernhardt
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Musical Interpretation ◽  
Dialectical Relationship ◽  
The One ◽  
Shed Light

My aim in this article is to develop a possible understanding of Adorno’s thoughts on musical interpretation as they appear in a collection of fragments posthumously published in 2001 under the title of Zu einer Theorie der musikalischen Reproduktion [Towards a Theory of Musical Reproduction]. I do this by using an actual sounding example, with emphasis on the dialectical relationship between the written text and the sounding realization. On the one hand, I use a passage by Beethoven (Symphony No. 1, First Movement) that is characterized by some philological uncertainties regarding articulation, explained in slightly different ways in three so-called Urtext-editions of the score. On the other hand, I use a recorded interpretation of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Austrian Nikolaus Harnoncourt. I will argue that, in this performance, Harnoncourt’s articulation of the actual passage provides a useful illustration of the tension between text and sound. Moreover, as the interpretation is also musically intriguing, it seems to function as a thought-provoking example of the dialectical relationship which for Adorno characterizes a successful musical interpretation. Thus, the article aims to shed light on both Adorno’s somewhat intricate speculations and Harnoncourt’s personal practice of interpretation.

Producing a Mental Representation of a Cup of Sake

2019 ◽  
pp. 430-448
Author(s):  
Hiroki Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Average Person ◽  
Supporting Tool

In this chapter, methodologies for producing a mental representation of a cup of sake are introduced. Mental representations of taste are often vague and fuzzy in comparison to audio or visual images. On the other hand, some individuals, such as sommeliers or tasters of sake, are able to readily formulate a representation of the taste they experience. How can the average person produce words or other types of mental representations in such a situation? In this chapter, the author presents three methodologies for eliciting mental representations of taste: a new supporting tool for verbalizing an image of taste, an experimental method for testing a verbal and visual image for taste, and an experimental methodology for producing a free drawing representation of a cup of sake.

THE UNIFICATION OF THE GLOBE BY DISEASE? THE INTERNATIONAL SANITARY CONFERENCES ON CHOLERA, 1851–1894

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
VALESKA HUBER
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Semipermeable Membranes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Shed Light

This article analyses the proceedings of eight International Sanitary Conferences which were convened between 1851 and 1894 to address the danger that cholera epidemics posed to Europe. These conferences are examined in the context of the intellectual and institutional changes in scientific medicine and in the light of the changing structure of internationalist endeavours that took place in the second half of the nineteenth century. The article shows that the International Sanitary Conferences were as much spaces of co-operation as they were arenas where differences and boundaries between disciplines, nations, and cultures were defined. Furthermore, it seeks to shed light on a broader tension of the period. On the one hand, the fact that the world was growing together to an unprecedented extent due to new means of transportation enabled Europeans to establish and expand profitable commercial and colonial relations. On the other hand, this development increased the vulnerability of Europe – for example to the importation of diseases. The perception that the world was becoming increasingly interconnected was thus coupled with the need for controllable boundaries. The conferences attempted to find solutions as to how borders could be secured without resorting to traditional barriers; like semipermeable membranes they should be open for some kinds of communication but closed for others.

scholarly journals The Shared Dream of the Americas: An Introduction to Americanity

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1,2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien Guyot
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Shed Light

While the cultural identities of Latin America, Québec and the Antilles have long been forged around a single reference, namely to their European past, they currently show signs of rupture and heterogeneity. Thinkers from Québec (Sherry Simon, Pierre Nepveu, Gérard Bouchard), the Antilles (Glissant, Chamoiseau, Confiant) and Brazil (Bernd) have been revisiting the concepts of origin and space from a completely different perspective. No longer would Europe be the anchor of their totalitarian-shaped cultural identity; the roots and origins of this identity construction would have to be found elsewhere, in a new environment perhaps, embracing the modernity and diversity that are celebrated in the concepts of hybridity, transculturalism, creolization, which all slowly lead to a mythical crossroads: America.However, the establishment of a symbolic relation with the American territory remains somewhat problematic as the concept of Americanity relies on diverse discourses which can be contradictory at times. In this essay, I aim to shed light on the trendy concept that Americanity has become. On the one hand, I will point out the ambiguity that surrounds the concept, and on the other hand, I will briefly explain how the different perspectives in the reappropriation of the American space could lead to the establishment of America as a shared elsewhere.

Copyright Protection in the Distribution of Multimedia Digital Objects in Internet

2010 ◽  
pp. 344-368
Author(s):  
Mariví Higuero ◽  
Purificacion Saiz ◽  
Marina Aguado
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Digital Contents ◽  
Digital Objects ◽  
The One

This chapter shows the most significant approaches developed so far for the distribution of digital contents with copyright protection, highlighting their most interesting features. These proposals may be classified into two categories: on the one hand systems that try to prevent unauthorized uses of the contents, and on the other hand systems whose purpose is to detect unauthorized uses of the contents and to identify involved offenders. This chapter is focused on the systems that fit in the second of these strategies, most of which are based on the use of watermarking techniques. However, watermarks cannot provide a suitable answer to this issue by themselves, but they must be framed into more complex systems, involving the participation of different entities and the use of well defined protocols which establish the exchange of data and contents among these entities. It is important to point out that cryptography is also a key element in all of these systems and protocols.

Ancient Musical Writings as Persuasive Texts

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-284
Author(s):  
Massimo Raffa
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract This contribution is meant to shed light on how ancient Greek music theorists structure argumentations and address their readership in order to be understandable, effective and persuasive. On the one hand, some of the most important treatises, e.g. Ptolemy’s Harmonics (with Porphyry’s Commentary) and what remains of Archytas’ and Theophrastus’ works, are taken as case studies; on the other hand, the paper deals with some argumentative patterns recurring in harmonics demonstrations, especially with reference to the usage of everyday life experience as evidence supporting acoustic and harmonic theories.

UN'INFANZIA DIFFICILE: LA TEORIA DELLA DISSOCIAZIONE ELETTROLITICA NEL XIX SECOLO

Nuncius ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-167
Author(s):  
ROBERTO MAIOCCHI
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Electrolytic Dissociation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Modern Chemistry ◽  
The One ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract<title> SUMMARY </title>The theory of electrolytic dissociation represented the main chapter of modern chemistry-physics born in the last decades of 19th century. It was vigorously supported, in particular by Ostwald, Arrhenius and Nerst, but it was also harshly criticised. This paper reconstructs the theorical and empirical arguments, which were proposed for and against this theory. Namely, it shows on the one hand the great difficulties, that the supporters of the theory were faced with, and on the other hand the strategies that they adopted in order to overcome these problems. The final part discusses how certain models for a philosophical reconstruction of science shed light on this historical case.

scholarly journals Managing in Translation: A Theoretical Model

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Farghal
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract The present paper aims to shed light on the notion of managing in the process of translating. It firmly distinguishes between two types of managing: Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic managing. Intrinsic managing, on the one hand, is entailed by the numerous asymmetries existing between the SL and TL, thus aiming to bring about natural naturalations. Extrinsic managing, on the other hand, is the translator's ideological superimposition on the SL text, thus steering it in a way as to meet his own goals. It is demonstrated that these two types of managing may operate at different levels in the process of translating, viz, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, textual and cultural levels. The paper argues that intrinsic managing is inevitable, hence is commendable; whereas, extrinsic managing constitutes the translator's premeditated intervention in the message of the SL text, hence is condemnable.

scholarly journals Towards an analysis of the adverbial use of German interrogative was(ˋwhat')

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Holler
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Information ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phrase Structure Grammar ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Construction Type ◽  
The One

The paper discusses the so-called adverbial use of the wh-pronoun was (ˋwhat'), which establishes a non-standard interrogative construction type in German. It argues that the adverbial use of was (ˋwhat') is based on the lexical properties of a categorically deficient pronoun was (ˋwhat'), which bears a causal meaning. In addition, adverbial was (ˋwhat') differs from canonical argument was (ˋwhat') as it is analyzed as a functor which is generated in clause-initial position. By means of empirical facts mainly provided by d'Avis (2001) it is shown that was (ˋwhat') behaves ambivalently regarding the wh-property: On the one hand, was (ˋwhat') can introduce an interrogative clause, but on the other hand it cannot license wh-phrases in situ. While formally analyzing the data against the background of existing accounts on wh-interrogatives couched in the framework of Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar, an analysis is developed that separates two pieces of information to keep track of the wh-information percolating in an interrogative clause. Whereas the WH-value models wh-fronting and pied-piping phenomena, the QUE value links syntactic and semantic information and thus keeps track of wh-phrases in-situ.

A Jurisprudential Puzzle as Old as the Talmud

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-77
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Helmreich
Keyword(s):  
Correct Answer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One ◽  
Shed Light

Judges face an unenviable predicament: on the one hand, they are charged with applying the law as it is, rather than as they’d like it to be. On the other hand, legal sources can often be read so as to support opposite rulings. I explore how the Talmudic version of the problem presents a uniquely paralyzing conundrum for legal decisors. The problem arises in the interaction of various Talmudic principles. One is the principle of pluralism: The same act in the same circumstances may rightly be ruled permitted or forbidden, the same food kosher or unkosher. The second principle, I’ll call faithfulness: Rabbinic decisors, in ruling on a case, must try to find the correct answer. We can shed light on the contemporary jurisprudential problem by comparing it to the ancient and enduring version of it laid bare in the Talmud.

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