Producing a Mental Representation of a Cup of Sake

2019 ◽  
pp. 430-448
Author(s):  
Hiroki Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Average Person ◽  
Supporting Tool

In this chapter, methodologies for producing a mental representation of a cup of sake are introduced. Mental representations of taste are often vague and fuzzy in comparison to audio or visual images. On the other hand, some individuals, such as sommeliers or tasters of sake, are able to readily formulate a representation of the taste they experience. How can the average person produce words or other types of mental representations in such a situation? In this chapter, the author presents three methodologies for eliciting mental representations of taste: a new supporting tool for verbalizing an image of taste, an experimental method for testing a verbal and visual image for taste, and an experimental methodology for producing a free drawing representation of a cup of sake.

The more data, the better: A usage-based account of the English comparative correlative construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hoffmann ◽  
Jakob Horsch ◽  
Thomas Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Construction Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Specific Construction

AbstractLanguages are complex systems that allow speakers to produce novel grammatical utterances. Yet, linguists differ as to how general and abstract they think the mental representation of speakers have to be to give rise to this grammatical creativity. In order to shed light on these questions, the present study looks at one specific construction type, English comparative correlatives, that turns out to be particularly interesting in this context: on the one hand it has been described in terms of one of the most abstract and general syntactic rules, on the other hand it shows specific idiomatic structures that are often produced without any variation (e.g. the more, the merrier). While the syntax and semantics of the English Comparative Correlative (CC) construction have received considerable attention in the literature, so far only a small number of usage-based analyses have been published on the topic. These either only relied on small databases or focussed only on the productivity of one slot in the construction. In contrast to this, the present study analyses more than 1,400 CC tokens sampled from COCA. The results of the present study yield important results concerning English CC constructions, including the schematicity and generality of their mental representations.

scholarly journals Terorisme dan Simalakama Media Massa

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-123
Author(s):  
Farid Pribadi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Combination Technique ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
Relationship Of

This article discusses the symbiotic relationship of mutualism between mass media andterrorism. Whether we realize it or not, acts of terrorism in the homeland are still interestingand economically valuable news material in front of the mass media. On the other hand, onthe part of terrorists, the news about terrorist acts actually becomes a strategic campaignarea to show their existence. The research uses a qualitative approach to narrative analysismethod. The results of the study are www.okezone.com and www.tribunnews.com placingthe terror terror events in Medan Mapolrestabes as interesting and economically valuablenews material. The style of the news flow is arranged with a choice of tense, dramatic andsensational nuances of words. In addition, the display of photo and video illustrationsshortly after the explosion also aims to display as if the news of the explosion event is true,not engineering, objective and valid. The combination technique of choice of words, storyline, placement techniques and the size of photos and videos all aim to make the emotions ofthe reader participate dissolved in a tense situation as the situation at the scene of theexplosion. The practice of compiling this kind of news flow is called, as Jean Baudrillard'spractice of simulation. The practice of simulation through the practice of compiling newslines and the touch of visual image technology will eventually create conditions ofhyperreality. Namely the conditions between reality will be mixed with the pseudo so it isdifficult to distinguish which is original and fake. Next, the airing of a list of victims ofunknown origin will actually give birth, as Pierre Bourdie calls it symbolic violence. That is,the practice of violent symbols aimed no longer at the physical target but rather consciousthoughts. Symbolic violence in the appearance of the victim list really has the potential tocreate traumatic feelings towards the families of the victims.

THE RELATIVE SWEETNESS OF VARIOUS SWEET COMPOUNDS AND OF THEIR MIXTURES

1945 ◽  
Vol 23e (5) ◽  
pp. 139-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Curve ◽  
Relative Sweetness ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Relationship

Responses to specific sweet stimuli are specific for any one individual, but for that individual only. Comparisons as to degree of sweetness of different stimuli may vary from individual to individual. Rigid data are probably unattainable; it is only possible to determine the average opinions of a group of individuals.The following solutions were found to be equally sweet by the group of individuals employed:(i) 5.0% sucrose and 8.3% glucose; 10.0% sucrose and 14.4% glucose (which modified the figure previously found, after proper weighting, to 14.6%).(ii) 5.0% galactose and 2.5% sucrose; 10.0% galactose and 6.0% sucrose; 15.0% galactose and 10.0% sucrose.(iii) 5.0% mannitol and 2.47% sucrose; 10.0% mannitol and 5.54% sucrose; 15.0% mannitol and 9.8% sucrose.(iv) 2.0% sucrose arid 0.0049% 'soluble saccharine' (approximate only).(v) 0.0125% dulcine and 3.35% sucrose; 0.025% dulcine and 4.1% sucrose; 0.050% dulcine and 4.6% sucrose (all only approximate).(vi) 5.0% glycine and 3.25% sucrose; 30.0% glycine and 5.5% sucrose.(vii) 3.0% dl-alanine and 3.0% sucrose.While it has been shown earlier that the sweetnesses of sucrose and glucose, sucrose and lactose, glucose and lactose, sucrose and glycerol, and glucose and glycerol are additive when calculated in terms of glucose (but not in terms of sucrose), and it is now shown that this is true also for mixtures of galactose and glucose, and (probably) of dulcine and sucrose, this relationship does not hold for mixtures of glycine and sucrose, alanine and sucrose, and alanine and glycine. In such mixtures the total sweetness is less than that calculated in terms of glucose and usually less than when calculated in terms of sucrose.The relative sweetnesses of the group of compounds glucose, galactose, lactose, glycerol, and mannitol, compared with any one of them, do not change with concentration, within the limits of the experimental method used. On the other hand, the relative sweetnesses of these, and of fructose and dulcine, when compared with sucrose, change with concentration, the relationship being a log-log one. There is a similar log-log relationship when comparisons are made with fructose.A method is described for determining the value of iso-sweet iso-caloric mixtures of glucose and sucrose.A type curve can be constructed relating sweetness to concentration for glucose and the other compounds of its group. The relationship is log-log. A different log-log relationship between sweetness and concentration holds for sucrose.

scholarly journals Taxpayer Compliance from the Perspective of Slippery Slope Theory: An Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Putra Yasa ◽  
I Putu Hendra Martadinata
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Slippery Slope ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trust Level ◽  
Other Hand

The aims of this research is to do relevance on taxpayer compliance attitude based on slippery slope theory. The method used in this research is an experimental method with 63 taxpayers as the samples. The result of this research found that taxpayer trust level on tax authority has a positive and significant influence on taxpayer willingness to pay their tax, while tax authority’s power in watching over taxation process does not affect voluntary taxpayer compliance in paying tax. The highest voluntary taxpayer compliance rate is shown by the taxpayer with high trust in tax authority and has strong tax authority. On the other hand, the lowest voluntary taxpayer compliance rate is shown by the taxpayer with low trust on tax authority and have weak tax authority. In summary, this research supported the slippery slope theory and is hoped to be able to strengthen the relevance of slippery slope theory in explaining taxpayer compliance attitude.

Ambiguity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Bach
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Philosophical Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Other Hand

A word, phrase or sentence is ambiguous if it has more than one meaning. The word ‘light’, for example, can mean not very heavy or not very dark. Words like ‘light’, ‘note’, ‘bear’ and ‘over’ are lexically ambiguous. They induce ambiguity in phrases or sentences in which they occur, such as ‘light suit’ and ‘The duchess can’t bear children’. However, phrases and sentences can be ambiguous even if none of their constituents is. The phrase ‘porcelain egg container’ is structurally ambiguous, as is the sentence ‘The police shot the rioters with guns’. Ambiguity can have both a lexical and a structural basis, as with sentences like ‘I left her behind for you’ and ‘He saw her duck’. The notion of ambiguity has philosophical applications. For example, identifying an ambiguity can aid in solving a philosophical problem. Suppose one wonders how two people can have the same idea, say of a unicorn. This can seem puzzling until one distinguishes ‘idea’ in the sense of a particular psychological occurrence, a mental representation, from ‘idea’ in the sense of an abstract, shareable concept. On the other hand, gratuitous claims of ambiguity can make for overly simple solutions. Accordingly, the question arises of how genuine ambiguities can be distinguished from spurious ones. Part of the answer consists in identifying phenomena with which ambiguity may be confused, such as vagueness, unclarity, inexplicitness and indexicality.

Effect of disparity in the peripheral field on short-latency ocular following responses

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kawano ◽  
Y. Inoue ◽  
A. Takemura ◽  
F. A. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Uncrossed Disparity ◽  
Ocular Following ◽  
Random Dot Pattern

AbstractOcular following responses induced by brief movements of the visual scene were examined in monkeys for their dependence on disparity in the peripheral field. A random dot pattern was projected onto a tangent screen and partitioned into central and peripheral regions. Test stimuli were velocity steps applied in the central region, while stimuli in the periphery were stationary. The visual images in the central region were seen always in the plane of the screen, while stimuli in the periphery could be seen in front, behind, or in the plane of the screen (achieved by a system of polarizing filters). Initial ocular following responses were larger when the peripheral stimuli were presented with an uncrossed disparity than without disparity. On the other hand, responses were smaller when the peripheral stimuli were presented with crossed disparity (<5.0 deg) than without disparity. The result is consistent with the idea that ocular following responses are dependent on the perceived viewing distance.

The Combinatorial Model of Pitch Contour

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pitch Contour ◽  
Melodic Contour ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Combinatorial Model

Much previous work on the perception of pitch contour has concerned itself only with the contour relations among adjacent notes, which may lead to the assumption that relations among nonadjacent tones do not play a role in the mental representation of contour. Music theorists, on the other hand, have developed sophisticated models of contour in which relations among nonadjacent tones play an integral part. In order to test the salience of relations among nonadjacent melodic tones in the perception of melodic contour, musically trained participants were asked to rate the similarity of discrete pairs of stimulus melodies with regard to contour. The results suggest that although contour relations among adjacent tones are more significant than those among nonadjacent tones in determining judgments about contour similarity, nonadjacent contour relations do contribute to such judgments.

scholarly journals Landscapes of memory: the first visual images of the Bororo of Central Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Teodoro da Cunha ◽  
Sylvia Caiuby Novaes
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In

Abstract The opportunity of exhibiting in a Bororo village in Central Brazil the film Matto Grosso, the Great Brazilian Wilderness (1931), and translating into Portuguese this typical travelogue and widely considered to be the first documentary with synchronized sound, led the authors to analyze visual images on the Bororo society made in the first decades of the XX century. The article focuses on how visual images - films and photographs - frequently show the intentions of the author and on the other hand may enhance memories and create a particular relationship with the past and history of a people.

The Western Balkans in translated children’s literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Todorova
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Target Culture

Abstract This study approaches translations as framing and representation sites that can serve to either contest or promote stereotypes. Critically looking at textual and visual images of the source culture, the discussion considers how the particular location of different participants in the translation production process contributes to the presentation of violence as a predominant image of Western Balkan nations. The analysis uncovers networks of source-based production participants focusing on images of ‘nesting’ Balkanisms and self-representations centring on love and humaneness. On the other hand, networks led by editors located in the target culture often emphasise the preconceived stereotypes of dominant violence in the Western Balkans or turn towards globalising the images of violence.

scholarly journals KAJIAN BUDAYA VISUAL DALAM ILMU KOMUNIKASI: POSISI DAN METODE PENELITIAN

2017 ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Adde Oriza Rio
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Visual Communication ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
The Other ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Visual Ability ◽  
Visual Culture Studies ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Communication Practices

AbstractThe centrality of the eye and visual ability in the life of individuals and society has spawneda form of culture that is called as visual culture. Visual culture studies are a burgeoningarea of study that emphasizes the complex interrelationship between visual image, cultureand spectators of visual image. On the other hand, communication practices that utilizevisual messages as means of interaction are also increasingly prevalent as this is driven bythe development of visual and communication technology which allows peoples to producetheir own visual image as messages to communicate them. This article tries to discuss theposition of visual culture studies within the communication science and the researchmethods that can be used in the communication science to examine visual image, culture,and spectatorships.Keywords: Visual culture, Visual culture studies, Visual communication,Communication science, Visual methodologies.

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