Life in Bridgetown, Barbados, According to the Westbury Cemetery Records 1877–1976

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Chami ◽  
Tara Inniss ◽  
Bernd Sing
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Survival Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The Public

AbstractWe perform a survival analysis on the records of the burials at the Westbury Cemetery, Barbados, between 1877 and 1976. The goal of the paper is to observe the stratified life expectancies of persons of particular time appropriate occupations. Comparing different occupations through time, amongst each other and to the general population, enables us to get some insights into the public health situations and living conditions of the persons working in the respective occupations.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 Public Health Stages on Paediatric Emergency Attendance

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thérèse McDonnell ◽  
Emma Nicholson ◽  
Ciara Conlon ◽  
Michael Barrett ◽  
Fergal Cummins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Complex Chronic Conditions ◽  
Paediatric Emergency ◽  
Health Response ◽  
The Impact

This study outlines the impact of COVID-19 on paediatric emergency department (ED) utilisation and assesses the extent of healthcare avoidance during each stage of the public health response strategy. Records from five EDs and one urgent care centre in Ireland, representing approximately 48% of national annual public paediatric ED attendances, are analysed to determine changes in characteristics of attendance during the three month period following the first reported COVID-19 case in Ireland, with reference to specific national public health stages. ED attendance reduced by 27–62% across all categories of diagnosis in the Delay phase and remained significantly below prior year levels as the country began Phase One of Reopening, with an incident rate ratio (IRR) of 0.58. The decrease was predominantly attributable to reduced attendance for injury and viral/viral induced conditions resulting from changed living conditions imposed by the public health response. However, attendance for complex chronic conditions also reduced and had yet to return to pre-COVID levels as reopening began. Attendances referred by general practitioners (GPs) dropped by 13 percentage points in the Delay phase and remained at that level. While changes in living conditions explain much of the decrease in overall attendance and in GP referrals, reduced attendance for complex chronic conditions may indicate avoidance behaviour and continued surveillance is necessary.

scholarly journals Applied neuroscience: Why and how biofeedback methodology work?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nada Pop-Jordanova ◽  
Sofija Loleska
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Health Attitudes ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mental Relaxation

Science cannot achieve its purpose without some practical applications. The aim of this article is to inform our colleagues about some practical uses of the methodology named biofeedback in the general population. It is important for the staff, especially for those employed in the public health service, because this method is not useful only for treating some disorders, but also for obtaining some health attitudes, performances and mental relaxation in the general population.

Environmental Carcinogenic Factors in Relation to Public Health

1968 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Francesco Scanga ◽  
Ennio Prozzo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ionizing Radiations ◽  
Italian Legislation

The public health problems relevant for the general population which are raised by environmental contaminations with carcinogenic factors are reviewed. The discussion includes ionizing radiations, drugs, air pollution and tobacco smoke. The recent Italian legislation on air pollution control and the Italian situation concerning prevention of cigarette smoking are commented in detail.

Legal regulation of sanitary affairs in Europe in the 19th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Svitlana Hotsuliak
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

Problem setting. Since ancient times, guardianship of the health of the population has become an obligatory part of the foundation of a powerful state. Later on, special bodies began to be created, whose powers at first were limited only to the monitoring of food supplies, but with the spread of epidemics their role increased and spread around the world. In the 19th century, cities began to grow rapidly and the number of inhabitants increased. States were faced with the challenge of ensuring healthy living conditions. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The scientific research on this issue is reflected in the works: Derjuzhinsky V.F., Busse R, Riesberg A., Lochowa L. V., Hamlin C., Shambara K., Norman G. Scientists have analysed the regulatory framework of individual countries in the medical context. Target of research. Identification of the essence and features of sanitary legislation (including international sanitary conventions, interstate agreements on sanitation and epidemiology) operating in the territory of European countries in the XIX century. Article’s main body. The legal and regulatory framework for sanitation includes a set of legal, technical and legal standards, the observance of which involves ensuring that an adequate level of public health is maintained. European countries in the nineteenth century devoted considerable attention to sanitation not only in domestic law, but also in the international arena. Health protection, sanitation and preventive measures are reflected in many legislative acts, for example, the “Medical Regulations” (Prussia, 1725), the “Law on Health Insurance during Diseases” (Germany, 1883) and, in Austria, the “Health Statute” (1770), the “Public Health Act” (Great Britain, 1848 and 1875) and the “Medical Act” (Great Britain, 1858) and the “Public Health Protection Act” (France, 1892). The legislative acts formulated the powers of sanitary authorities, and in the same period, works on the impact of ecology on human health and on the importance of a healthy lifestyle appeared. The State has a duty to protect citizens who have the sole property, their labour, but health is essential to work. Separately, it should be noted that in the middle of the XIX century elements of the international health system began to emerge in Europe. In particular, starting from 1851. At the initiative of France, a number of international conferences on sanitation were organized in Paris. Subsequently, such conferences were held in Constantinople (1866), Vienna (1874), USA (1881), Rome (1885), Dresden (1893). These conferences addressed various issues of sanitation and the fight against epidemic diseases. At the same time, the application of land and river quarantine in Europe was considered impossible by most delegates. Instead, the use of “sanitary inspection” and “observation posts” with medical personnel and the necessary means for timely isolation of patients and disinfection of ships was recommended Conclusions and prospects for the development. Thus, the forms of organization of national health systems in Europe in the 19th century were diverse. Each country created and developed its own unique systems, different ways of attracting financial resources for medical care and health preservation. Thanks to the development of the legislative framework, water supply, sewerage, working and living conditions, sanitation and hygiene have improved. International cooperation to combat epidemics has made a significant contribution to the development of effective and progressive legislation in the international arena, and has greatly influenced the creation of appropriate domestic legislation in Member States, developing more effective models to combat epidemic diseases.

scholarly journals The Covid-19 Crisis and the need for suitable face masks for the general population

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Gerald D Barr ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The Public ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Health Advice ◽  
Logistical Problem ◽  
The Uk

In relation to SARS-CoVid-2 a theoretical gold standard of face mask use is discussed and a similar principle for lockdown. The use of face masks in the general population is debated in relation to the UK public health advice that face masks are not needed in the general population. There is substantial evidence of ability of SARS-CoVid-2 to spread by aerosol which makes the UK Government’s public health advice and indeed that of the WHO, that social distancing and hand hygiene alone are required in the general population questionable. The question is not should the general public have mask protection but what degree of mask protection is needed? There is a shortage of suitable masks for health care workers in the UK but the need for this demand is driven by the large numbers of infected people in the community. Once the public health advice is adjusted polititians can start to try and solve the enormous logistical problem of protecting the public.

scholarly journals The origination and development of the public health concept as an investee: Theoretical forerunners

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1765-1779
Author(s):  
A.V. Bykova ◽  
K.S. Solodukhin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Health Capital ◽  
Related Concept ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Theory ◽  
Statistical Metrics

Subject. We determine the substance of public health as a target of management in terms of investment. Objectives. We analyze theoretical forerunners of the origination and the development of the public health concept in terms of its economic substance as a resource and investee. Methods. We sort out literary data and carry out the logic, focused and content analysis of the text. Results. The article analyzed approaches to understanding the substance and evolution of health and public health as concepts. We believe that it is necessary to specify the definition of public health in terms of its economic substance as a resource. We correspondingly analyzed the related concept, such as health capital, human capital. We suggest interpreting the public health as a medical, social and economic resource, whose quality and value are gauged with a set of demographic, medical and statistical metrics. Their level depends on the living conditions of people who are virtually investees. Conclusions and Relevance. The theoretical study and suggested definition contribute to the development of the public health theory in terms of its economic substance and dependence on the socio-economic situation in the country or the region, and the volume and method of investing in the living conditions of people. The findings can be used for further research into the nexus of the mix and volume of investment in public health and its level in the region.

scholarly journals Passive immunity to pandemic H1N1 2009 by swine flu parties

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 739-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitish Aggarwal ◽  
Pushkar Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Public ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 2009

The general population is concerned about the probable devastating effects of pandemic H1N1 2009.  Based upon the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, scientific publications and theories, the idea of swine flu parties to achieve passive immunity against pandemic H1N1 2009 has been proposed. Public health officials have asked the general public not to resort to this method. However, no concrete evidence of the reasoning behind the recommendation has been given. In this paper, we have dynamically modeled the effect of swine flu parties on the immunity achieved and associated mortality for a period of two years. The simulations show that the public should not organize or participate in swine flu parties as they will likely increase swine flu-associated mortality.

scholarly journals Reassessing the population based Seroprevalence for IgG antibodies against SARS COV2 in Ahmedabad

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Om Prakash ◽  
Bhavin Solanki ◽  
Jay Sheth ◽  
Ashwin Kharadi ◽  
Mina Kadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
The People ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Increasing Trend

Background: Assessing population based seroprevalence can help in monitor the pandemic, and suggest appropriate corrective public health measures. Aims and Objectives: To study seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV2 to understand the pandemic status and deriving valid conclusions for guiding the public health measures for managing the covid19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A serosurveillance study was carried out using population based stratified sampling for the general population of Ahmedabad city. Seroprevalence for Cases, Contacts and Health Care Workers (HCWs) was also estimated as separate additional categories. The seroprevalence was compared with various demographic factors for valid and precise predictions regarding the immunity status of the population. Results: As on October 2020, the seroprevalence for IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV2 in the general population of Ahmedabad is 24.20% (95% Confidence Interval 23.57%–24.85%) The sero-positivity has increasing trend with age and is higher among females (24.83%) than males (23.72%) but is statistically not significant. The zone wise positivity ranged from 18.70% to 33.52%. The seropositivity among HCWs, contacts and cases are 20.84%, 26.05% and 54.51% respectively and it closely correlate with the risk. Conclusion: As on October 2020, general population demonstrate a seropositivity of 24.20%. The seropositivity among various groups is according to the risk of contracting the disease. Results also indicate the possibility of undetectable level or disappearing IgG during the post-covid period. Results also indicate that the preventive measures must be strongly followed for continued control of the pandemic situation till an effective vaccine is provided to the people at large.

Medicine, the Environment and the Poor

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-83
Author(s):  
John Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Medical Theory

This chapter emphasises the importance of taking seriously seventeenth-century medical theory, and its understanding of the environmental factors associated with plague. The increasing belief in the link between environment and disease led to closer attention by government and medical staff to the living conditions of the poor. In Florence, as in some other Italian cities at the time, the public health authorities instituted a detailed house-by-house survey of the living conditions of the poor. The chapter provides a detailed analysis of the survey, and in the process reveals the crowded and insanitary living conditions of the poorer members of society. It stresses that measures taken to address these problems are not just evidence of insanitary conditions, but are also part of a long tradition of proactive sanitary legislation which sought to cleanse houses and streets of the filth seen as causing disease. More broadly, the chapter seeks to understand these measures in relation to attitudes towards the poorer members of society, as reflected in contemporary medical and government rhetoric, which even sought to blame the poor for the worsening epidemic through their poor diet, lifestyle, and behaviour.

scholarly journals Measles outbreak in Styria, Austria, March-May 2009

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kasper ◽  
H Holzmann ◽  
S W Aberle ◽  
M Wassermann-Neuhold ◽  
H Gschiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

In the last week of March 2009, five measles cases among students of an anthroposophic school were reported to the public health authorities in the Austrian province of Styria where only five cases had been reported in the whole of 2008. A descriptive epidemiological investigation of the measles outbreak was performed. Between 2 March and 10 May 2009, 37 cases of measles were identified in Styria: 33 confirmed outbreak cases and four probable outbreak cases. The measles outbreak spread from the general population (12 cases) to an anthroposophic community (25 cases). Cases outside of the anthroposophic community were mostly over 10 years of age (10/12). Thirty-five cases were unvaccinated, and two of the 37 had received one dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine. Following a measles outbreak in Salzburg in 2008 with 394 cases, this outbreak reemphasises the continued need for additional vaccination campaigns in population groups over the age of 10 years.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document