scholarly journals Modelling of the Distribution of European Mistletoe (Viscum album) with Dependence on Local Factors in the Castle Park in Lednice

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1441-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tivadar Baltazár ◽  
Miloš Pejchal ◽  
Ildikó Varga
Keyword(s):  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Juglans Nigra ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Acer Campestre ◽  
Local Factors

The European mistletoe (Viscum album) infection intensity and frequency of their host taxa individuals was monitored within the sections of the Castle Park in Lednice during the last four years. The data analysis was carried out only with these infected host taxa which occur in the park the most frequently:Acer campestre,A. platanoides,A. pseudoplatanus,Crataegus monogyna,C. pedicellata,Juglans nigra,Robinia pseudoacacia,Tilia cordataandT. platyphyllos. For the statistical modelling it was used total 3039 individuals, among them 1424 are already infected by mistletoe (47%). Nine local factors (tree age, development stage, location of individuals, physiological and biomechanical aspect of vitality, tree height, diameter at breast height, crown projection area and crown volume) were examined with dependence on mistletoe infection. Due to our results, all of examined factors have strong impact to the infection in the majority of host taxa; except of vitality, this relationship is directly proportional. No statistical significant impact was observed in case ofCrataegus pedicellata. There is a big difference among the hosts, the largest mistletoe amount was observed in case ofJuglans nigra. It was also proved that neither host nor mistletoe distribution are spread uniformly.

scholarly journals Evaluation of European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) infection in the Castle Park in Lednice

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1565-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tivadar Baltazár ◽  
Miloš Pejchal ◽  
Ildikó Varga
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Acer Campestre ◽  
Tree Vitality ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
The Difference

This experiment focused on the evaluation of mistletoe infection (Viscum albumL.) in main sections of the castle park in Lednice. The study evaluates the proportion of affected and unaffected individuals of host taxa and the intensity of their infestation. ForAcer campestreandTilia cordataone-way ANOVA was used to detect the difference among the number of mistletoe bushes and tree age, development stage, vitality and location. For the modelling of mistletoe infection probability also the dependence on these and other continuous explanatory variables (height and crown volume) was used for logistic regression with binomial distribution. Our results show that number of mistletoe on trees within same taxa increases with the tree age and with the lower tree vitality, but there is large difference between the hosts. Due to the results of logistic regression, the same factors also have strong impact on the probability of mistletoe infection, e.g. tree age and tree vitality. In this case no large differences were found between the hosts.

scholarly journals OVERSPREADING OF VISCUM ALBUM L. ON HONEY PLANTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF VINNYTSIA REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Serhii Razanov ◽  
Volodymyr Nedashkivskyi
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Local Damage ◽  
Acer Campestre ◽  
Tilia Platyphyllos ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Forest Lands

The intensity of damaging the nectar and pollen trees of forest lands, parks and woods in the conditions of Vinnytsia region has been studied. It has been found that in the zones of the highest local overspreading of Viscum album L. on the nectar and pollen trees, the following sequence of their damage is observed, in particular, in the conditions of forest lands: Tilia cordata L.-Tilia platyphyllos L. -Acer platanoides L.- Acer tataricum L.; in the parks: Acer platanoides L.- Acer tataricum L.- Tilia cordata L.- Acer campestre L.- Tilia platyphyllos L. - Robinia pseudoacacia L.; in the woods: Robinia pseudoacacia L. - Tilia platyphyllos L. - Acer tataricum L. It depended both on the composition of the nectar and pollen trees and their number in the area of distribution of the parasite. It was found that the level of damage to the nectar-dust-bearing trees of forest lands, parks and forest strips was respectively within 11.7% - 34.6%, 28.5% - 85.5% and 38.4% - 84.8%. Characterizing the intensity of distribution of white mistletoe within the forest lands, it should be noted that damage to the Tilia cordata L. – 34,6%, Tilia platyphyllos L. – 23,5%, Acer platanoides L. and Acer tataricum L.– 25,0% and 11,7% . In the conditions of park plantations, damage to Viscum album L.: Tilia cordta– 51,6%, Tilia platyphyllos L. – 52,9%, Viscum album L. – 28,5%, Acer platanoides L. – 85,5%, Acer campestre L. – 71,4% and Acer tataricum L.– 63,6%. Analysis of the intensity of Viscum album L. distribution on the nectar-pollen-bearing trees of the forest area under the highways showed that this parasite was damaged: Tilia platyphyllos L. – 38,4%, Viscum album L. – 84%, Acer campestre L. – 42,8%. The intensity of damage to nectar-pollen was found to depend on the dominant tree species in the area of local Viscum album L. In the woodland, a greater proportion of the nectar-bearing trees were Tilia, in the park zones – Acer platanoides L. and in the forest strips -– Viscum album L., at the same time, and a larger percentage were observed of damaged trees in these species. The distribution of Viscum album L. depended not only on the breed of nectar-pollen-bearing trees, but also on the number of trees of a particular variety in the area of their local damage by this parasite.

scholarly journals Extent of infection by Viscum album L. and changes in its occurrence on ornamental woody species in the locality of Lednice (Czech Republic)

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Pavel Bulíř
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Campestre ◽  
Average Share ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe main goal of the research conducted in the Lednice chateau park was to map the current spectrum of host trees and shrubs. The aim of the investigation was also to record changes in the host species, namely between the years 1985 and 2016, and to get an overview of the extent and degree of mistletoe infection on the most significant tree species present in the park. Furthermore, the occurrence of mistletoe across the developmental stages of woody species was monitored. Apart from taxonomic changes also the quantitative extent and the degree of infection reported in the last 31 years, and the impact on the development stages of woody plants in the past 20 years were analysed. Among the most frequently infected taxa are currently: Acer campestre, Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus, Crataegus monogyna, Robinia pseudoacacia, Tilia cordata and Tilia platyphyllos. The average share of infected specimens of the above host species amounts to 34.28%. A distinctive change in frequency and infection degree was recorded in the aggregate spectrum of hosts. The presence of mistletoe was recorded in a total of 1,362 specimens (almost 12% of the trees growing in the area). Compared to 1985, the occurrence of mistletoe was newly recorded in a total of 13 families (+3), 19 genera (+5) and 42 species (+18). In Aesculus ×marylandica, Fraxinus biltmoreana, Magnolia hypoleuca ×tripetala or Malus ×moerlandsii, it was probably described for the first time ever. At the moment, the most existentially endangered taxon is Tilia cordata.

scholarly journals The Morphological Features and UV-VIS Analysis of Some Taxonomic Markers of Genus Viscum

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Ioana VICAŞ ◽  
Dumitrita RUGINĂ ◽  
Stelian PANTEA ◽  
Carmen SOCACIU
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Acer Campestre ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Taxonomic Markers ◽  
Vegetative Characters

European mistletoe (Viscum album L., family Santalaceae) is native from Europe and is an evergreen, perennial, hemiparasitic shrub that lives on a wide range of woody plants species. The mistletoe has a number of biological effects, such as anticancer, antimycobacterial, apoptosis – inducing, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities. In the first part of this study, we present the floral and vegetative characters of five varieties of Viscum album ssp. album that are growing on five different host trees (Acer campestre, Mallus domestica, Fraxinus excelsior, Populus nigra and Robinia pseudoacacia). In the second part, we recorded the UV-VIS spectrum of methanolic extract (400 to 700 nm), to determined the level of chlorophyll a and b, and also the ratio of A280/A340 (to identify which the bioactive compounds is predominantly). We find the diference between the stem and leaves from the mistletoe that are growing on the same host, and also between the mistletoe that are growing on different host trees.

Tree growth as affected by stem and crown structure

Trees ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Pretzsch
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Scaling Theory ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Metabolic Scaling ◽  
Crown Structure ◽  
The Future ◽  
Metabolic Scaling Theory ◽  
Crown Characteristics

Abstract Key message Prediction of tree growth based on size or mass as proposed by the Metabolic Scaling Theory is an over-simplification and can be significantly improved by consideration of stem and crown morphology. Tree growth and metabolic scaling theory, as well as corresponding growth equations, use tree volume or mass as predictors for growth. However, this may be an over-simplification, as the future growth of a tree may, in addition to volume or mass, also depend on its past development and aspects of the current inner structure and outer morphology. The objective of this evaluation was to analyse the effect of selected structural and morphological tree characteristics on the growth of common tree species in Europe. Here, we used eight long-term experiments with a total of 24 plots and extensive individual measurements of 1596 trees in monospecific stands of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.). Some of the experiments have been systematically surveyed since 1870. The selected plots represent a broad range of stand density, from fully to thinly stocked stands. We applied linear mixed models with random effects for analysing and modelling how tree growth and productivity are affected by stem and crown structure. We used the species-overarching relationship $$\mathrm{iv}={{a}_{0}\times v}$$ iv = a 0 × v between stem volume growth, $$\mathrm{iv}$$ iv and stem volume, $$v,$$ v , as the baseline model. In this model $${a}_{0}$$ a 0 represents the allometric factor and α the allometric exponent. Then we included tree age, mean stem volume of the stand and structural and morphological tree variables in the model. This significantly reduced the AIC; RMSE was reduced by up to 43%. Interestingly, the full model estimating $$\mathrm{iv}$$ iv as a function of $$v$$ v and mean tree volume, crown projection area, crown ratio and mean tree ring width, revealed a $$\alpha \cong 3/4$$ α ≅ 3 / 4 scaling for the relationship between $$\mathrm{iv}\propto {v}^{\alpha }$$ iv ∝ v α . This scaling corresponded with Kleiber’s rule and the West-Brown-Enquist model of the metabolic scaling theory. Simplified approaches based on stem diameter or tree mass as predictors may be useful for a rough estimation of stem growth in uniform stands and in cases where more detailed predictors are not available. However, they neglect other stem and crown characteristics that can have a strong additional effect on the growth behaviour. This becomes of considerable importance in the heterogeneous mixed-species stands that in many countries of the world are designed for forest restoration. Heterogeneous stand structures increase the structural variability of the individual trees and thereby cause a stronger variation of growth compared with monocultures. Stem and crown characteristics, which may improve the analysis and projection of tree and stand dynamics in the future forest, are becoming more easily accessible by Terrestrial laser scanning.

scholarly journals Alien and native woody plants in scattered vegetation in agricultural landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Ján Supuka ◽  
Attila Tóth ◽  
Mária Bihuňová ◽  
Martina Verešová ◽  
Karol Šinka
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Acer Campestre

AbstractThe woody plant species composition has been evaluated in three cadastral territories of southwestern Slovakia, together in 77 habitats of non-forest woody vegetation (NFWV). A total of 43 tree species have been identified; 8 of them were alien and 5 species were cultural fruit trees. In total 20 shrub species were identified, out of which 3 were alien. Three woody species are classified as invasive according to the law in Slovakia: Acer negundo L., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, and Lycium barbarum L. They occurred only in 2, maximum in 4 of the evaluated habitats. The most occurring alien tree species Robinia pseudoacacia L. was generally identified in 58 habitats and in 48 habitats, with an incidence over 40% and dominance index of 70.6. The second most occurring alien tree Populus × canadensis had a dominance index of 8.3. The dominant native trees in NFWV were Acer campestre L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Quercus robur L., Salix fragilis L. with the dominance index of 1–5 only.

scholarly journals Foliage biomass qualitative indices of selected forest forming tree species in Ukrainian Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Svitlana Sytnyk ◽  
Viktoriia Lovynska ◽  
Ivan Lakyda
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractOur study objective was research on the assimilation component of aboveground biomass of trees and its correlation with mensurational indices of trees (age, diameter and height) in stands of the main forest forming species in the Ukrainian Northern Steppe zone - Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) and Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Black locust). The research was carried out in forest stands subordinated to the State Agency of Forest Resources of Ukraine. We used experimental data collected on sample plots established during years 2014-2016. The main research results prove that the foliage share in the tree greenery biomass structure had a wide range of values. For both investigated species, a positive correlation was found between the dry matter content in the tree foliage and the tree age, height and diameter. The foliage share in tree greenery biomass decreased with increasing mensurational index values. Correlation analysis revealed linear relationships between the mensurational indices and the discussed aboveground live biomass parameters. The closest correlation was observed between the stand age, mean stand diameter, mean stand height and dry matter content in the foliage.

scholarly journals The Assimilate Partitioning Importance for Heartwood Extractives Formation in Robinia Pseudoacacia l. of Different Ages

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Dünisch ◽  
João Vicente de Figueiredo Latorraca
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Assimilate Partitioning ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Heartwood Extractives

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the influence of tree age on the assimilates partitioning and its significance for the formation of heartwood extractives in Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust). Assimilate translocation in 6- and 15-year-old plants was measured in May and August 2006 using the 14CO2 feeding method. The heartwood extractives content in the sapwood-heartwood transition zone and in individual tree rings of the pure heartwood were analysed by HPLC-chromatography. All plants, buds and young leaves showed the strongest 14C specific activity compared to other plant parts in May and August(14C specific activity in buds/leaves of 6-years old plants: 35.2-37.0%, 15-years old plants: 31.4-32.2%). However, in plants labelled in August 2006 at the sapwood-heartwood transition zone also showed a strong assimilates sink, while only small amounts of assimilates were translocated to the sapwood-heartwood transition zone in the plants labelled in May 2006. The amount of assimilates transported to the sapwood-heartwood transition zone was significantly higher in the 15-year-old plants compared to the 6-year-old plants. This was monitored by a higher content of extractives in the heartwood formed by the older plants compared to heartwood formed by the younger plants. The results indicate that uneven assimilate partitioning in younger and older black locust plants affects the heartwood extractives formation, which might lead to a lower natural durability of the heartwood formed by younger trees compared to heartwood formed by older trees.

scholarly journals Impact of Tree Age and Size on Selected Properties of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) Wood

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 634
Author(s):  
Szymon Bijak ◽  
Hubert Lachowicz
Keyword(s):  
Compression Strength ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
The Impact

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a non-native tree species that occupies a remarkable area in the forests of western Poland. It is mainly cultivated for the bee-keeping purposes as well as for its high quality wood. We investigated the impact of tree age and diameter on the selected structural, physical and mechanical attributes of wood of black locust that grows in conditions of mesic oligotrophic site. We analysed 200 samples originating from 18 trees that varied with age (38, 60 and 71 years old) and diameter (thin, medium and thick specimen selected according to Hartig’s method). Individual wood properties were determined along with corresponding European or Polish standards. Structural and mechanical attributes were determined for moisture of 12%. We found significant impact of tree age on tree-ring width, latewood proportion, density, oven-dry density, basic density, share of woody substance, porosity, as well as radial, tangential, longitudinal and volumetric shrinkage, compression strength parallel to grain, static bending, coefficient of compression strength parallel to grain and coefficient of static bending. The older the trees, the higher values of individual attributes were observed. In turn, the effect of tree diameter was less profound and no significant impact of that feature was found for latewood proportion, anisotropy and almost all of the shrinkage parameters. Thin trees exhibited the lowest values of the analysed parameters, while medium ones—the highest. In general, the highest technical quality of the investigated wood can be found in the youngest trees, whose wood characterises with the properties significantly exceeding native Polish tree species such as oak or beech.

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