scholarly journals The vulnerability of silver fir populations to damage from late frosts

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Klisz ◽  
Szymon Jastrzębowski ◽  
Joanna Ukalska ◽  
Paweł Przybylski ◽  
Jan Matras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Late Frost ◽  
Shoot Damage ◽  
Experimental Plots

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the vulnerability of selected silver fir populations to damage from late frost in the climatic conditions of south-eastern Poland. To determine the vulnerability of apical and lateral shoots to damage caused by late frosts, we observed four test plots in 2009 and 2014, each containing progenies of selected seed stands. Our statistical analyses were based on a model incorporating the following variables: site, year, type of frost damage, population as well as the possible interaction between these variables. Significant differences between the populations were found in terms of their sensitivity to damage from low temperature occurring during the growth period. Furthermore, we indirectly demonstrated differences in the severity of late frost on the experimental plots, as well as the intensity and variability of late frost shoot damage. Based on these results, we divided the studied populations into two groups of low (EF, KRA1 and NAR) and high (LES2 and BAL2) sensitivity to late frost damage.

scholarly journals The Seedling Behaviour within a Tree Arrangement Station under Low Temperature Recorded Due to Late Frost

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-436
Author(s):  
Ilie COVRIG
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Negative Temperatures ◽  
Late Frost ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Climatic Elements

Within new established tree nurseries, for development of young trees in the early years, the determining factor is their ability to resist deviations from normal climatic elements. It is known that beach young trees have poor resistance to extremes of climatic variations. The aim of our research is to identify the main particularities of the seedlings behavior within accidental low temperature determined by changes occurred in climatic conditions. Observations were performed, during a three years period, 1996 - 1998, from April to the end of May, in 4 units located on the plateau areas of Sovata Forestry Office, in order to record negative temperatures that could affect the seedlings regeneration. The lowest temperatures were 1.1 0C during the night of 22/23 May and 3.0 0C during the night of 23/24 May, 1998. In all four analyzed units located in the vicinity of the mountaintop, beech seedlings were less affected by the late frost. Until fall 1998, a rate of 10 - 12% of affected seedlings was dry, the rest having changes more or less accentuated. As a result of late frost reported in the end of May 1998, 10 - 20% of seedlings were injured.

Field survey on frost damage to roof tiles under climatic conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiemi Iba ◽  
Ayumi Ueda ◽  
Shuichi Hokoi
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Roof Tile ◽  
Deterioration Process ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – Frost damage is well-known as the main cause of roof tile deterioration. The purpose of this paper is to develop an analytical model for predicting the deterioration process under certain climatic conditions. This paper describes the results of a field survey conducted to acquire fundamental information useful to this aim. Design/methodology/approach – A field survey of roof tile damage by freezing was conducted in an old temple precinct in Kyoto, Japan. Using detailed observations and photographic recordings, the damage progress was clarified. To examine the impact of climatic conditions upon the damage characteristics, weather data and roof tile temperatures were measured and logged in the winter season. Findings – The deterioration process was observed under the climatic conditions associated with the measured temperature of the roof tiles. In particular, it was revealed that the orientation has a significant influence on increasing or decreasing the risk of frost damage. For certain distinctive forms of damage, the deterioration mechanisms were estimated from the viewpoint of the moisture flow and temperature distribution in the tile. Originality/value – This study contributes to the elucidation of the mechanism behind frost damage to roof tiles. The findings will guide the construction of a numerical model for frost damage prediction.

scholarly journals The effect of cooling irrigation on the blooming dynamic of plum

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lakatos ◽  
I. Gonda ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Logistic Curve ◽  
Treated Plot

The objective of the present study is to explore the effect of cooling irrigation (aspersion) on the beginning of bloom and on the micro-climate of the plantation. The results show that the water sprayed in the orchard by micro-jet influenced decisively the temperature of the plantation. At higher temperatures (around 20 °C), the drop of temperature may attain 5–7 °C. A low relative humidity of the air may increase the relative effect, The frequent repetition (20 minute intervals) may keep the temperature low also in the buds. The beginning of bloom may delayed for more than ten days. The dynamics of blooming was characterised by a logistic curve in the treated as well as in the control plot. In the treated plot, the curve was steeper than in the control in spite of equal temperatures measured in the plots. Under our (Hungarian) climatic conditions, the method is successfully used to delay blooming dates. The main result is the diminution of the frost damage in the spring and the security of yield. The costs and water requirement should be calculated later.

Masting and regeneration dynamics of Abies cephalonica, the Greek endemic silver fir

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia N. Daskalakou ◽  
Katerina Koutsovoulou ◽  
Kostas Ioannidis ◽  
Panagiotis P. Koulelis ◽  
Petros Ganatsas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Regeneration Dynamics ◽  
Abies Cephalonica ◽  
Reproduction Process ◽  
First Time

AbstractMasting and regeneration dynamics were investigated in a long-term perspective using Abies cephalonica as a study tree species. Extensive fieldwork was implemented in Parnitha National Park, Greece, following a large-scale wildfire. Annual cone production was monitored for a 5-year period in 130 tagged trees, in 13 plots with 10 individuals each, established both within the unburned part of the forest and in surviving fragments of the burned area. In the most recent masting year, a high percentage (88%) of cone-bearing trees was recorded, along with a sizeable, average cone production (40.8 cones per tree). In the intermediate, non-masting years, the corresponding values ranged from 2% to 55% and 0.08 to 5.9 cones per tree, respectively. The reproduction process is affected by both tree density and regional climatic conditions, in particular temperature during spring of the maturation year and precipitation during spring and summer of the previous year. For the first time according to our knowledge, natural regeneration was recorded for a 4-year period, in 13 permanent transects within the monitoring plots, in relation with a masting event and the additional implications of a preceding wildfire. Highest mean density of seedlings and saplings (11.4 per m2) was observed during the first spring after masting. In the non-masting years, the corresponding value ranged from 2.1 to 2.9 per m2. Seedling survival during their first summer was considerable (30–76%) but stabilized afterwards (1–3 years) at a lower level (10–20%). The particular post-masting seedling flush was followed by an extremely high mortality rate (88.6%) and cannot represent a major recruitment event.

A spatial analysis of lateral and vertical fluxes of water associated with a perched watertable in a duplex soil

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 879 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eastham ◽  
P. J. Gregory ◽  
D. R. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Clay Layer ◽  
Lateral Movement ◽  
Vertical Fluxes ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Experimental Plots

Rates of lateral and vertical movement of water were investigated when severe waterlogging occurred as a result of a perched watertable over a clay subsoil in a duplex soil on a low (1.6%) slope in Western Australia. The severity of waterlogging and both the lateral and vertical fluxes of water at the 1.4 ha site were very spatially variable. Lateral water movement occurred in response to topographical gradients in the soil surface and the depth of the clay layer. As a result of this lateral redistribution of water, the depth of the watertable was greater in some areas, causing higher rates of vertical water loss (1.6–1.7 mm/day) compared with the rest of the site (1.2–1.5 mm/day). Net gains or losses in water in experimental plots at the site due to lateral flow were 1–2 orders of magnitude smaller than vertical losses. Net lateral losses were less than 0.3 mm/day, but vertical losses ranged from 1.2 to 1.7 mm/day. We conclude that vertical drainage beneath crops growing on a duplex soil with a heavy clay subsoil can be significant when a head of water develops under climatic conditions conducive to waterlogging. In contrast, net lateral movement was generally small because of the low slope at the site (gradient of 0.016), and is likely to be insignificant at this site and other sites with duplex soils on similarly low slopes.

Low temperature emergence potential of short season corn hybrids grown under controlled environment and plot conditions

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Hope ◽  
R. Maamari ◽  
S. Séguin ◽  
R. I. Hamilton ◽  
L. M. Dwyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Screening Parameter ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Low Temperature Emergence

One important reason for limited progress in selecting corn (Zea mays L.) with superior cold tolerance during germination and early growth is the unpredictable occurrence of cold, wet test springs. Breeders need an efficient laboratory test paralleling field emergence under such climatic conditions. Laboratory screening data from 30 corn hybrids with under 2400 corn heat unit ratings were compared to field emergence data in Atlantic Canada to evaluate the usefulness of a laboratory test as an indicator of cold tolerance. Hybrids were ranked by mean percent emergence using 1985–1989 field data collected from seven locations in the Atlantic region. From daily observations on seed germinated in a germinator at 11 °C, mean times to 50% root and coleoptile initiation, and 1-cm coleoptile were calculated using probit analyses. Field emergence ranked from 1 (highest percent) to 30 was compared to ranking of time to 50% 1-cm coleoptile in the laboratory (one represented most rapid growth). Of the top 15 hybrids (by 1-cm coleoptile), 11 fell in the top half of the hybrids ranked by field emergence. Removal of hybrids with low numbers of field observations, all made during the unusually warm spring of 1989, improved the comparison. These results indicate that time to 50% production of a 1-cm coleoptile is a useful screening parameter to select corn hybrids with superior cold tolerance during germination and early growth.Key words: Corn, maize, low temperature tolerance, emergence

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