Field survey on frost damage to roof tiles under climatic conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiemi Iba ◽  
Ayumi Ueda ◽  
Shuichi Hokoi
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Roof Tile ◽  
Deterioration Process ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – Frost damage is well-known as the main cause of roof tile deterioration. The purpose of this paper is to develop an analytical model for predicting the deterioration process under certain climatic conditions. This paper describes the results of a field survey conducted to acquire fundamental information useful to this aim. Design/methodology/approach – A field survey of roof tile damage by freezing was conducted in an old temple precinct in Kyoto, Japan. Using detailed observations and photographic recordings, the damage progress was clarified. To examine the impact of climatic conditions upon the damage characteristics, weather data and roof tile temperatures were measured and logged in the winter season. Findings – The deterioration process was observed under the climatic conditions associated with the measured temperature of the roof tiles. In particular, it was revealed that the orientation has a significant influence on increasing or decreasing the risk of frost damage. For certain distinctive forms of damage, the deterioration mechanisms were estimated from the viewpoint of the moisture flow and temperature distribution in the tile. Originality/value – This study contributes to the elucidation of the mechanism behind frost damage to roof tiles. The findings will guide the construction of a numerical model for frost damage prediction.

scholarly journals Modelling Approach for Predicting the Impact of Changing Temperature Conditions on Grapevine Canopy Architectures

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Schmidt ◽  
Christopher Bahr ◽  
Matthias Friedel ◽  
Katrin Kahlen
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Knowledge Gain ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vineyard Management

Future climatic conditions might have severe effects on grapevine architecture, which will be highly relevant for vineyard management decisions on shoot positioning, pruning or cutting. This study was designed to help gaining insight into how, in particular, increasing temperatures might affect grapevine canopies. We developed a functional-structural model for Riesling, Virtual Riesling, based on digitised data of real plants and a comprehensive state-of-the-art data analysis. The model accounts for the variability in temperature-sensitive morphological processes, such as bud break and appearance rates. Our simulation study using historical weather data revealed significant effects of the thermal time course over the year on bud burst of the cane and on primary shoots. High variabilities in these events affect canopy growth and leaf area distribution. This report shows that Virtual Riesling can be useful in assessing the significance of changing temperatures for grapevine architecture and thereby considering management techniques such as vertical shoot positioning. Further developments of Virtual Riesling might support the knowledge gain for developing necessary adaptations in future vineyard management and, thus, facilitate future work on climate change research using functional-structural model approaches.

Preliminary research on sponge city concept for urban flood reduction: a case study on ten sponge city pilot projects in Shanghai, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-985
Author(s):  
Shuxian Feng ◽  
Toshiya Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis research aimed to determine the differences and similarities in each pilot project to understand the primary design forms and concepts of sponge city concept (SCC) projects in China. It also aimed to examine ten pilot projects in Shanghai to extrapolate their main characteristics and the processes necessary for implementing SCC projects effectively.Design/methodology/approachA literature review and field survey case study were employed. Data were mostly collected through a field survey in Shanghai, focusing on both the projects and the surrounding environment. Based on these projects' examination, a comparative method was used to determine the characteristics of the ten pilot SCC projects and programs in Shanghai.FindingsSix main types of SCC projects among 30 pilot cities were classified in this research to find differences and similarities among the pilot cities. Four sponge design methods were classified into ten pilot projects. After comparing each project size using the same geographical size, three geometrical types were categorized into both existing and new city areas. SCC project characteristics could be identified by combining four methods and three geometrical types and those of the SCC programs by comparing the change in land-use and the surrounding environment in ten pilot projects.Originality/valueThe results are valuable for implementing SCC projects in China and elsewhere and future research on the impact of SCC projects.

scholarly journals WEATHER SENSITIVITY OF RICE YIELD: EVIDENCE FROM INDIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 1450011 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANUBHAB PATTANAYAK ◽  
K. S. KAVI KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Rice Yield ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Weather Sensitivity ◽  
Daily Weather Data ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

This study estimates the weather sensitivity of rice yield in India, using disaggregated (district) level information on rice and high resolution daily weather data over the period 1969–2007. Compared to existing India specific studies on rice which consider only the effects of nighttime (minimum) temperature, the present study takes into account the effects of both nighttime and daytime (maximum) temperatures along with other weather variables on rice yield. The results suggest that both nighttime and daytime temperatures adversely affect rice during different growth phases. The effect of higher nighttime temperature on rice yield was much lower than those estimated by previous studies. Further, the negative impact of higher daytime temperature on rice yield was much larger than the impact due to higher nighttime temperature. The study further estimates that average rice yield would have been 8.4% higher had the pre-1960 climatic conditions prevailed during the period of study. This translates into an annual average loss of 4.4 million tons/yr or a cumulative loss of 172 million tons over the 39 year period for India. The paper argues that such significant loss in rice production under climate change conditions in future will have strong implications for the region's food-security and poverty, given that a large number of producers and consumers depend on rice for their livelihood and sustenance.

scholarly journals RESULTS OF MANDARIN PLANTATIONS MONITORINGDAMAGED BY FROST AND EVALUATION IN GEORGIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Khalvashi ◽  
◽  
G. Memarne ◽  
D. Baratashvili ◽  
N. Kedelidze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
Degree Of Damage ◽  
Spring Frosts ◽  
The Impact

n the paper isdiscussedthe results of mandarin plantations monitoring damaged by frost in winter. Despite thecenturies-old history of citrus production in Georgia, the danger of frost damageremains a major limiting factor for the spread of citrus. The monitoring revealed that although the temperature was quite critical for mandarin in February 2020 (-11-12°C, in some places -14°C), the frost damage to the plantations was not high, but was inhomogeneous. Observations revealed that the damage to mandarin plantations was due not only to the impact of low temperatures, but also to many other factors that had a significant impact on the degree of damage to the plantations. Based on the analysis ofmonitoring results and multi-year data, it was found that the risk of frost damage to the citrus in winter in Georgia due to global warming is significantly reduced comparedto previous years, but the incidence of autumn-spring frosts has increased which indicates the adaptation of the citrus crops to the climatic conditions of Georgia.

Changing Climatic Conditions and Agricultural Livelihoods: An Impact Study in Jagatsinghpur District, Odisha

Social Change ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004908572092436
Author(s):  
Prasanta Moharaj ◽  
Satyapriya Rout
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Social Life

This article attempts to examine the negative impact of climate change on agricultural livelihood and human social life. Natural climatic variations have always been a challenge for human sustenance as they are predicated on a host of factors that include natural, human-made and unbalanced environmental conditions. India too, with its geographic zones such as mountains, small islands, wetlands, coastal areas, deserts, semi-arid lands and plains, is exposed to challenges of climatic change. The impact of climate is particularly severe on the livelihoods of the rural poor. For instance, people living near coastal regions are constantly prone to severe floods. This study specifically focusses on coastal Odisha and the impact of floods which have been triggered by climate change. The study, looking at the effect on crop production and socio-economic conditions, has followed a two-pronged approach, conducting a field survey and collecting data from secondary sources.

Climate disparity versus risk management: destination demand analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-568
Author(s):  
Parikshat Singh Manhas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Travel Decisions ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between tourism and climate change and, hence, to understand the impact of climate change on tourist destinations. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual analysis of secondary data was extracted and analyzed. The framework and policy implications for the study were obtained from online secondary data and by interaction with representatives of a state authority. Findings The findings from the study show that the impact of climate change on tourism is likely to manifest itself in a number of different ways according to local conditions. Climate and weather are connected with tourism and recreational activities. The paper shows the importance of climate for tourism because climate itself is an attraction. Climate and weather are among the most important attributes to influence tourist decision-making. Changing the climate and weather conditions of any destination may affect the tourists’ comfort and travel decisions, and due to the changing demand pattern and tourist flows, tourism businesses and host communities suffer. Cancellation of any trip due to bad weather causes dissatisfaction and those affected may avoid visiting the destination again. Temperature is also one of the most important climate variables in the analysis of tourism demands as it affects comfort. Originality/value This original piece of work suggests that climatic conditions control destination choice and this influences the tourism demands for a given destination.

Impact of weather conditions on airport arrival delay and throughput

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Rodríguez-Sanz ◽  
Javier Cano ◽  
Beatriz Rubio Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Arrival Process ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Arrival Processes ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Weather events have a significant impact on airport arrival performance and may cause delays in operations and/or constraints in airport capacity. In Europe, almost half of all regulated airport traffic delay is due to adverse weather conditions. Moreover, the closer airports operate to their maximum capacity, the more severe is the impact of a capacity loss due to external events such as weather. Various weather uncertainties occurring during airport operations can significantly delay some arrival processes and cause network-wide effects on the overall air traffic management (ATM) system. Quantifying the impact of weather is, therefore, a key feature to improve the decision-making process that enhances airport performance. It would allow airport operators to identify the relevant weather information needed, and help them decide on the appropriate actions to mitigate the consequences of adverse weather events. Therefore, this research aims to understand and quantify the impact of weather conditions on airport arrival processes, so it can be properly predicted and managed. Design/methodology/approach This study presents a methodology to evaluate the impact of adverse weather events on airport arrival performance (delay and throughput) and to define operational thresholds for significant weather conditions. This study uses a Bayesian Network approach to relate weather data from meteorological reports and airport arrival performance data with scheduled and actual movements, as well as arrival delays. This allows us to understand the relationships between weather phenomena and their impacts on arrival delay and throughput. The proposed model also provides us with the values of the explanatory variables (weather events) that lead to certain operational thresholds in the target variables (arrival delay and throughput). This study then presents a quantification of the airport performance with regard to an aggregated weather-performance metric. Specific weather phenomena are categorized through a synthetic index, which aims to quantify weather conditions at a given airport, based on aviation routine meteorological reports. This helps us to manage uncertainty at airport arrival operations by relating index levels with airport performance results. Findings The results are computed from a data set of over 750,000 flights on a major European hub and from local weather data during the period 2015–2018. This study combines delay and capacity metrics at different airport operational stages for the arrival process (final approach, taxi-in and in-block). Therefore, the spatial boundary of this study is not only the airport but also its surrounding airspace, to take both the arrival sequencing and metering area and potential holding patterns into consideration. Originality/value This study introduces a new approach for modeling causal relationships between airport arrival performance indicators and meteorological events, which can be used to quantify the impact of weather in airport arrival conditions, predict the evolution of airport operational scenarios and support airport decision-making processes.

Adoption and impact of modern varieties of paddy in India: evidence from a nationally representative field survey

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
Gaurav Tripathi ◽  
P. K. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Face ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Paddy Farmers ◽  
Strategic Policies ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors ◽  
The Impact

PurposeNew varieties of paddy are constantly being developed in India in order to sustain yield gains in the face of biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the authors attempt to identify the drivers for adoption of new varieties of paddy in India; the authors also estimate the impact on yield of the adoption of new paddy varieties.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data consisted of the reported information from approximately 20,000 paddy farmers in India. The study employs Cragg's double-hurdle model to study the probability and intensity of adoption of new varieties; we use regression discontinuity design to estimate the change in yield due to adoption of new varieties.FindingsThe authors’ findings indicate that the adoption of new varieties of paddy in India varies significantly within and between regions; further, the adoption of new varieties is affected by a number of socioeconomic and demographic factors; the authors also find that the adoption of new varieties increases yield significantly.Research limitations/implicationsThese are observational data and not based on the experiments. The authors relied on farmers' memory to recall the information.Originality/valueThe authors suggest the formulation of strategic policies that can cater to the needs of regions and states that are lagging behind in the adoption of new paddy varieties.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Thermal Comfort using a BIM-based Thermal Bridge Simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Erwin Yuniar Rahadian ◽  
Agung Prabowo Sulistiawan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Green Architecture ◽  
Thermal Bridge ◽  
Bridge Model ◽  
Building Information ◽  
The Impact

Global warming has become an important issue today, caused by the increasing demand for energy and humans lifestyle. To reduce the impact, more architects started to respond regarding environmental issues. The concept of green architecture promotes to solving this problem. Natural ventilation is the one of the concept green architecture. This research tends to look at the aspect of Thermal Comfort in naturally ventilated mosque buildings through the Thermal Bridges strategy. Naturally ventilated building tend to have better indoor air quality (IAQ), but worse thermal comfort. Therefore, this research investigates the range of acceptable temperature and calculate by BIM thermal bridge simulation to achieve thermal comfort for naturally ventilated mosque building. The method of analysis conducted is quantitative based on direct measurement of weather data and existing comfort conditions in the field, calculations, and simulations using Building Information Modeling (BIM). Data was collected through a field survey in Itenas Mosque Building and were used to develop and validate then using the BIM thermal bridge model for simulation. The data collected from field survey and in situ environmental measurement such as air temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity. The thermal comfort prediction model was developed from statistical analysis of the field survey data. Based on the result of thermal Bridge simulation using BIM software required exchange material of the existing building to achieve thermal comfort. Keyword-Thermal comfort, Building Information Modelling, Thermal Bridge Simulation

scholarly journals Predicting the impact of climate change in Srepok river basin by LARS-WG model with CMIP5 scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Thi Thao Nhi Thi Thao ◽  
Dao Nguyen Khoi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
The Impact

Global warming has significantly challenged the natural environment and livelihood conditions. Understanding potential future changes of climate variables, such as temperature and precipitation, is critical for water resource management in this region. This study proposed an approach to applying LARS-WG model in CMIP5 scenarios, 9 monitoring stations with 25-year series of dately data used for calibration and validation, which were the input data of the model. Combining data from 5 outputs of general periodic model (GCMs) for the periods 2021–2020, 2041–2060, and 2061– 2080, the results showed that the CMIP5 scenarios could be used successfully in the LARS-WG model and the model worked well under the climatic conditions of the Srepok river basin (Central Highlands of Vietnam). Comparing future weather scenarios with current weather data showed that warmer transitions and reduced rainfall would be generally in the future. Future temperature and precipitation trends showed an increase in both the magnitude and frequency of extreme events. So the affects of climate change are enormous on the management of related projects. Water resources need to be considered a lot in the local decision-making.

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