scholarly journals Comparing densities of spider mites (Tetranychidae) and predatory mites (Phytoseiidae) on the common oak (Quercus robur L.) in forests of natural and industrial areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Magdalena Lubiarz

Abstract This paper presents results of studies conducted in the forest areas of the Polesie National Park and in the surroundings of the chemical producer Zakłady Azotowe in the town of Puławy on the abundance of mites from the families Tetranychidae and Phytoseiidae. These studies were conducted on eight different sites in the years 2002–2004 and aimed at answering the question of whether mite abundance is related to factors such as area, site and year. In total, 8894 specimen of the spider mite family and 1835 specimen of the predatory mite family were collected. Spider mites were more abundant in Puławy than in the Polesie National Park, whilst the abundances of predatory mites were similar in both study areas. For spider mites, statistically significant differences were found in terms of study area and site, but also in terms of the study area in relation to the year of investigation. In the case of predatory mites, statistically significant differences were also found in terms of the study area in relation to the year of investigation.

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.D. Pratt ◽  
B.A. Croft

Abstract Spider mites (Tetranychidae) are among the most injurious pests of commercial landscape plant nurseries. The introduction of predaceous mites (Phytoseiidae) into nursery crops for control of spider mites can be an effective alternative to pesticides. We sought to evaluate the use of banker plants as a method of rearing and dispersing predatory mites for the control of spider mites in landscape nursery systems. Banker plants include any plant addition that aids in development and dispersal of predators for control of herbivorous pests. Addition of the predatory mite Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) into spider mite infested arborvitae and rhododendron banker plants held in replicated greenhouse cubicles resulted in more predatory mites dispersing to spider mite infested plants downwind than were originally inoculated. To improve persistence and subsequent dispersal of predatory mites in an arborvitae banker plant, we evaluated the use of adding supplemental prey (spider mites) and applying a portion of the plant foliage with a pyrethroid to provide a refuge for the prey. Reintroduction of prey increased the dispersal duration of N. fallacis but the pyrethroid-based refuge did not. Predatory mites dispersing from arborvitae banker plants of approximately 1.25 m (4.1 ft) tall were collected from receiver plants at 10, 20 and 30 m (10.9, 21.9 and 32.8 yd) down wind. Integration of a banker plant system into a landscape nursery operation is discussed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Maryam Rezaie ◽  
Fatomhe Montazerie

Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is an effective predator in greenhouses which feeds on plant injurious mites. Searching capacity is one of importance in the effectiveness of this predatory mite. In this research, the population fed with corn pollen, walnut and date pollen and the spider mite (four strains) were investigated. The prey-stage preference of N. californicus was studied on different developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae. The predation rate of rearing population of N. californicus was determined; it was used eggs of T. urticae. Experiments were carried out on strawberry disc in Petri dish (6 cm diameter) under laboratory conditions (27±1ºC temperature, 70±5% RH and 16L: 8D photoperiod). After 24 hours, the total numbers of prey consumed were counted. The predatory mites reared on different pollens prefer eggs or nymphs to adults and the Preference Index of different strains was not different. Result of consumed of spider mites by female predatory mites indicated the predation rate of the predatory mites fed with corn pollen (9±1.46), walnut pollen (8.19±0.99) and Date pollen (8.28±0.80) did not any significant difference, however when spider mites and the mentioned pollens were used, the predation rate of predatory mites when fed with T.  urticae (14.74±0.94), Walnut (15.24±1.05) and date pollen (14.17±1.04) show significant difference with the population of corn pollen (10.0±0.95). The predation rate of four strains decreased at present of plant pollens. Use of the predatory mite fed with the different developmental stage of two-spotted spider mite and pollen in the biological control of the pests is useful.


2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E.M. van den Boom ◽  
T.A. van Beek ◽  
M. Dicke

AbstractPlants infested with the spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch, may indirectly defend themselves by releasing volatiles that attract the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot. Several plants from different plant families that varied in the level of spider mite acceptance were tested in an olfactometer. The predatory mites were significantly attracted to the spider mite-infested leaves of all test plant species. No differences in attractiveness of the infested plant leaves were found for predatory mites reared on spider mites on the different test plants or on lima bean. Thus, experience with the spider mite-induced plant volatiles did not affect the predatory mites. Jasmonic acid was applied to ginkgo leaves to induce a mimic of a spider mite-induced volatile blend, because the spider mites did not survive when incubated on ginkgo. The volatile blend induced in ginkgo by jasmonic acid was slightly attractive to predatory mites. Plants with a high degree of direct defence were thought to invest less in indirect defence than plants with a low degree of direct defence. However, plants that had a strong direct defence such as ginkgo and sweet pepper, did emit induced volatiles that attracted the predatory mite. This indicates that a combination of direct and indirect defence is to some extent compatible in plant species.


Author(s):  
И.А. Уткина ◽  
В.В. Рубцов

Ранняя (Quercus robur var. praecox Czern.) и поздняя (Q. robur var. tardiflora Czern.) фенологические формы дуба черешчатого, выделенные в самостоятельные таксоны в середине XIX в., неоднократно становились объектами исследований для специалистов разного профиля. Собрано немало данных о различиях в их росте, требованиях к условиям местообитания, устойчивости к неблагоприятным внешним факторам. Иногда кроме ранней и поздней феноформ выделяют еще и промежуточные между ними. Наиболее отчетливо различия между феноформами, обусловленные разными сроками листораспускания, проявляются в реакции на поздние весенние заморозки и повреждение листвы насекомыми-филлофагами. Так как на деревьях поздней формы листовые и цветочные почки раскрываются намного позже, чем на ранней, поздняя форма избегает повреждения весенними заморозками. Кроме того, обладая меньшей способностью к формированию летних побегов, она меньше повреждается и ранними осенними заморозками, а также зимними морозами, что способствует образованию у нее более прямых и полнодревесных стволов, по сравнению с ранней формой. Ранняя форма чаще и сильнее повреждается филлофагами ранневесеннего комплекса, у которых отрождение гусениц из яиц синхронизировано с раскрытием почек и распусканием листьев. Есть данные, что видовой состав вредителей листвы на деревьях ранней и поздней форм дуба при их совместном произрастании примерно одинаков, зато численность отдельных видов филлофагов и их соотношение различны. На деревьях ранней формы их больше в несколько раз, что объясняется совпадением фаз развития большинства ранневесенних видов филлофагов и листвы этой формы дуба. Согласно результатам проведенных исследований, поздняя форма предпочтительнее для создания лесных культур дуба как более устойчивая к неблагоприятным погодным условиям и насекомым-вредителям. Early (Quercus robur var. praecox Czern.) and late (Q. robur var. tardiflora Czern.) phenological forms of the common oak, recognized as independent taxa in the mid-nineteenth century, have been subjects of multiple studies by specialists of different fields. Abundant data on the differences in their growth requirements, habitat conditions, and resistance to unfavorable external factors have been collected. Some specialists in addition to early and late phenoforms distinguish intermediate forms. Most clearly the differences between these forms appear in response to late spring frosts and damage of leaves by phyllophagous insects due to different timing of the forms' leafing. As leaf and flower buds in late oaks are revealed much later than in early oaks, late form avoids damage by spring frosts. In addition, due to lower ability to form summer shoots, late oaks are less damaged by early autumn frosts and winter freeze, which contributes to the formation of more straight and full trunks comparing to early oaks. Early oaks are damaged more severely by phyllophagous insects of spring complex, in which hatching of caterpillars from eggs is synchronized with opening buds and unfolding of leaves. There is evidence that species composition of foliage pests on co-occurant early and late forms of oak is nearly the same, but the number of individual species of phyllophagous insects and their ratio are different. In the early form the number of phyllophagous insects is greater by several fold due to concurrence of developmental phases in most early spring phyllophagous species and foliage of this oak form. The obtained results show that the late form of common oak is preferable for forest plantations as more resistant to unfavorable weather conditions and insect pests.


Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1646 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHÔZÔ EHARA ◽  
TETSUO GOTOH

Two new species of the spider mite family Tetranychidae are described and illustrated from Japan: Oligonychus camelliae n. sp. from Camellia japonica L. (Theaceae) at Shinobuyama, Fukushima, Honshu, and Tetranychus misumaiensis n. sp. from Apios sp. (Fabaceae) at Misumai, Sapporo, Hokkaido. Oligonychus rubicundus Ehara is a valid species differing from O. formosanus Lo by the shape of the peritreme and aedeagus, and O. shinkajii Ehara is regarded as a junior synonym of O. modestus (Banks). A Japanese mite Eutetranychus africanus (Tucker) has so far been referred to E. orientalis (Klein) in error.


1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-346
Author(s):  
T. Abbey ◽  
L. Pundt

Abstract A test was conducted in Cheshire, CT, to determine the efficacy of five miticides and two predatory mite species for control of TSSM. There was also an untreated check. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with four replications. Plots consisted of 12 container-grown plants in a 1.7 ft2 plastic flat. The trial cultivar ‘Variegate’ was planted on 1 Apr. Miticides were applied to the foliage from the top and sides with a Solo backpack sprayer at 60 psi with 35.3 gpa. Predatory mites were placed into the treatment plots by gently brushing them off of the lip of the shipment container. All treatments were applied on 18 Jul. Five leaves were removed from each treatment plot on 17, 25 Jul and 1, 8 and 15 Aug to count the eggs and motile TSSM. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Matej Vidrih ◽  
Anja Turnšek ◽  
Magda Rak Cizej ◽  
Tanja Bohinc ◽  
Stanislav Trdan

In 2015, we studied the efficiency of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) for suppression of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae in a field experiment at a hop plantation. We randomly arranged four treatments in a three-block experiment. Fungicides were used in all treatments; insecticides were used in all treatments except the predatory mite treatment and acaricides were used in only two treatments. A single inundative release of the mite N. californicus was carried out on 4 July. On four different dates (10 June, 17 July, 29 July and 9 August), we counted the eggs and the mobile stages (larvae, nymphs and adults) of the two-spotted spider mite in all four treatments. In the treatment with the predatory mite, we established the fewest eggs and mobile stages of T. urticae 14 days after the release of the predator. The selected acaricides in our research acted in a primarily ovicidal manner, but we did not detect satisfactory effects on the mobile stages of the two-spotted spider mite. This result suggests the emergence of resistance of two-spotted spider mites to the acaricides hexythiazox and abamectin. Our research established comparable effects of the predatory mite N. californicus and acaricides, and further improvement of the efficiency would require release of the natural enemy into a hop plantation in mid-June, followed by a second release three weeks later. The costs of acaricide use in our experiment were from 12.7-fold (two sprayings of hexythiazox, and a single spraying with abamectin) to 17.8-fold (single treatments of hexythiazox and abamectin) lower than those of a single release of the biological control agent in question. The results of our study represent a starting point for future research, which could achieve satisfactory results in suppressing two-spotted spider mites on a hop plantation by repeated use of the predatory mite N. californicus.


EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2005 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena M. Rhodes ◽  
Oscar E. Liburd

The predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) has characteristics of both type II specialist predatory mites and type III generalist predatory mites. N. californicus prefers Tetranychid mites as food, but will also consume other mite species, small insects, such as thrips, and even pollen when the primary prey is unavailable. N. californicus is often used to control the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and other phytophagous mites on various crops in temperate and subtropical regions around the world.  This document is EENY-359, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date November 2005. EENY-359/IN639: Predatory Mite, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Arachnida: Acari: Phytoseiidae) (ufl.edu)


2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bobinac ◽  
Branislava Batos ◽  
Danijela Miljkovic ◽  
Stojanka Radulovic

Polycyclism is the ability for a plant to produce several flushes in the same growing season. The rare phenomenon of common oak (Quercus robur L.) summer flowering is proof of complex polycyclism. Common oak summer flowering and the unusual transformation of inflorescences were the starting point for this study of the phenological variability of common oak trees in identical site conditions. This paper presents comparative research of leaf flushing, flowering, and leaf fall phenophases in a common oak with summer flowering and a control tree in which this phenomenon was not observed. Both trees displayed frequent polycyclism (polyphase formation of annual shoots during the growing season), but with different intensities depending on the trees and the years. Compared to the control tree, the tree with summer flowering was characterized by a later onset of leaf-flush phenophase and leaf fall phenophase and a longer retention of the leaves in the crown.


HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Cloyd ◽  
Cindy L. Galle ◽  
Stephen R. Keith

In this study, we report on the compatibility of two commercially available predatory mites, Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis, with three miticides used in greenhouse production systems to control the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. We determined the lethal effects of the miticides chlorfenapyr, spiromesifen, and bifenazate to both predatory mite species 24 hours after exposure to spray applications in petri dishes. Two rates of chlorfenapyr (0.40 and 0.81 mL/2-L) and spiromesifen (0.15 and 0.31 mL·L–1), and one rate of bifenazate (0.62 mL·L–1) were used. All rates were based on the manufacturer label recommendations for twospotted spider mite. Both rates of chlorfenapyr and spiromesifen, and the single rate of bifenazate were not harmful to N. californicus with percent live mite values ≥85% for chlorfenapyr and ≥95% for spiromesifen, and 93% for bifenazate. However, these same miticides were substantially toxic to P. persimilis with percent live mite values of ≤63% for all the miticides tested. Based on the results of this study, the miticides chlorfenapyr, spiromesifen, and bifenazate are compatible with N. californicus whereas these miticides are toxic to P. persimilis indicating a difference in susceptibility based on predatory mite species.


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