scholarly journals Resilience of metropolitan, urban and rural regions: a Central European perspective

GeoScape ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ženka ◽  
Adam Pavlík ◽  
Ondřej Slach
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Production Networks ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Urban Regions

AbstractIn this article, we examine a relationship between population/economic size and resilience of Czech regions. More specifically, we ask if there are any significant differences among metropolitan cores and hinterlands, urban regions and rural regions in (post)crisis economic development in the period 2009–2013. Three aspects of resilience were considered: volatility of unemployment, renewal (increase in economic performance compared to other regions) and reorientation (measured by the intensity of structural changes in total employment). We found relatively small differences among particular types of regions and high intra-group heterogeneity. Specialized industrial urban regions exhibited the fastest economic growth in the (post)crisis period. Metropolitan cores lagged slightly behind, but experienced relatively stable economic development. Although rural regions exhibited the highest unemployment volatility, they did not lag behind in terms of value added growth. Regional resilience in a small open economy like Czechia seems to be predominantly driven by extraregional factors such as the position in global production networks and economic performance in particular industries or large transnational corporations.

scholarly journals Structural Changes in Investment and the Waning Power of Monetary Policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Bloesch ◽  
Jacob P. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
New Keynesian ◽  
Secular Change ◽  
Labor Income ◽  
Labor Earnings ◽  
Investment Goods

We argue that secular change in both the production and composition of investment goods has weakened private investment's role in the transmission of monetary policy to labor earnings and consumption. We show analytically that fluctuations in the production of investment goods amplify the response of consumption to monetary policy shocks by varying labor income for hand-to-mouth agents. We document three secular changes that weaken this channel: (i) labor's share of value added in investment goods production has declined, (ii) the import share of investment goods has risen, and (iii) the composition of investment has shifted towards components that are less responsive to monetary policy. A small open economy, two agent New Keynesian model calibrated to match these facts implies a 38% and 26% weaker response of labor income and aggregate consumption, respectively, to real interest rate shocks in a 2010's economy relative to a 1960's economy.

International capital mobility and structural transformation

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungsoo Kim ◽  
Wankeun Oh ◽  
E. Young Song
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
International Capital ◽  
International Capital Mobility

Abstract This study examines the role of international capital mobility in shaping the relation between economic growth and structural transformation. We build a small open economy Ramsey model with two goods, tradables and nontradables. We show that if the long-run autarky interest rate of a small open economy is higher than the world interest rate, the employment and value-added shares of the tradables sector will rise over time. In the opposite case, the shares will fall. Because the autarky interest rate increases with the rate of technological progress, our result suggests that cross-country differences in the rate of technological progress may be a significant factor in accounting for diverse patterns of structural changes among countries.

Global Production Networks and (Distributional) Regional Development: The Cinnamon Industry in Karandeniya and Matale, Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-237
Author(s):  
Eunyeong Song ◽  
Douglas R. Gress ◽  
Edo Andriesse
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Production Network ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Global Production Networks ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Global Production Network ◽  
Developmental Dynamics

The purpose of this article is to examine the multi-spatial and developmental dynamics of the cinnamon industry in Sri Lanka, the largest exporter in the world by value added. This contribution compares Karandeniya, a major traditional cultivating hub, and Matale, a region new to cinnamon cultivation, deploying a Global Production Network (GPN) framework inclusive of regional development considerations. Analyses, based on input from 23 semi-structured, in-depth interviews, examine the potential for all stakeholders to acquire equity or ‘how’ captured value influences the region ‘and’ individual actors over the course of development. Fieldwork reveals four upstream actors in the cinnamon industry, namely—farmers, peelers, collectors and exporting firms. Results indicate that the cinnamon boom led to strategic decoupling with the exporting firms in Colombo and subsequent strategic recoupling with other actors. The primary contribution of the research rests in the interpretation of resulting structural changes in each region from a bifurcated view of regional development. Based on regional economic growth, Karandeniya appears to be more successful. However, considering the extent of value distribution within the region, Matale is on a more inclusive trajectory vis-à-vis cinnamon exports. Based on these results, three implications for GPN theory and related development policy are suggested.

Recent Economic Trends in Sri Lanka

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hooley
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

While Sri Lanka is geographically closer to India, there are greater similarities in economic structure with many Southeast Asian countries. Sri Lanka is a small open economy. Foreign trade has always played a pivotal role in the functioning of the economy. Politically the country has exhibited a preference for democratic parliamentary forms of government, which are compatible with an underlying cultural individualism. There are important differences, however, in both the tempo and direction of economic growth over the past two decades, and these differences, along with the underlying policy strategies that produced them, are potentially instructive in any consideration of economic performance in the region.

scholarly journals PENGARUH ECONOMIC SHOCK TERHADAP PENERIMAAN PAJAK PADA KANTOR WILAYAH PAJAK DI INDONESIA

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Eddi Wahyudi ◽  
Bunasor Sanim ◽  
Hermanto Siregar ◽  
Nunung Nuryartono
Keyword(s):  
Open Economy ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Economic Shock

The purpose of this research is to analyse how far the economic shock influence upon the tax revenue performance in the regional tax office. The research is conducted using yearly time series data within 2002 to 2007 and also applying two indicators: Income Tax and Value Added Tax. By using the panel data analysis the result upon 31 Kanwil Directorate General of Tax (DGT) whole Indonesia it is known that the fluctuation variable of Tax Early Warning System (TEWS) gives positive effect to the tax income performance at Kanwil Khusus, Kanwil WP Besar 1 and 2, Kanwil Jakarta Selatan and Kanwil Jakarta Pusat. Overall the entire research result explains that Indonesia economic condition until he year of 2007 is still in the small open economy status and identically to New Keynes theory. The conclusion is as if the research about the Indonesia business cycle previously and consistent with the initial assumption applied.

scholarly journals Structural transformation and economic development in the best performing sub-Saharan African states

Equilibrium ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Świerczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
New Structural Economics

Research background: Economic development in sub-Saharan Africa is of paramount importance, yet it escapes most of the attempts to understand it better in the economic dis-course, and it remains a sensitive issue in politics, contradicting stakeholders at national and international levels. The region still lags behind others in terms of technological advancement and economic development. It has grown  significantly in the precedent decade, but the extent of growth has not sufficiently translated to its development. Determining strategies for sub-Saharan Africa is a scientific challenge, which requires more attention. In the globalized, interconnected reality, solving problems of the South is in the best interest of the North. Purpose of the article: The aim of this research is to analyze structural changes as factors of economic development in the best performing sub-Saharan African countries on the grounds of new structural economics in order to provide policy implications.   Methods: Namibia, Botswana, South Africa and Gabon were selected as best performing economies in the region. Based on the literature review and the analysis of descriptive statis-tics, profiles of sample countries were set. This in turn allowed to determine the potential explanatory variables for OLS model of economic development. In the model, factors relating to labour productivity, technology and structural change were included. The data was sourced from WDI (World Development Indicators) database, Gretl software was used for computations. Findings & Value added: This paper contributes to the literature by attempting to explain structural changes in the process of economic development in the sub-Saharan region on the sample of best performing states. The paradigm of new structural economics provided theo-retical grounds for empirical analysis. Based on the results, policy implications were proposed with respect to technology promotion, natural resources management, and quality of institutions. The research was limited by data availability and reliability.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of taxation in 8 ex-communist countries in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 08003
Author(s):  
Razvan Catalin Dobrea ◽  
Maria Loredana Popescu ◽  
Stefania Cristina Curea ◽  
Victor Marian Dumitrache
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Communist Country ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Communist Countries

Research background: Having a similar background before the 1990, the ex-communist countries in Europe started to differentiate one from another in terms of social and economic development. Nowadays, in many aspects of the socio-economic environment, the differences between them are significant. There are many factors to be considered when analysing the patterns of evolution of each ex-communist country in Europe and one of them is taxation. The level of taxation can lead to structural changes in the economy, especially market economies that are not mature. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to compare the level of taxation in 8 EU ex-communist countries: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia - in the context of globalization. Methods: We will do a comparative analysis of the indicators developed by European Commission, DG Taxation and Customs Union and Eurostat of the 8 EU ex-communist countries. Findings & Value added: This paper may add value to the economic and tax policies in the 8 EU ex-communist countries by identifying the policies that proved their effectiveness in generating higher labor productivity, policies that can be adapted and then adopted by the UE ex-communist countries that are less developed. Moreover, this paper can lead to more in-depth research concerning taxation as significant factor of development in these countries.

Economic Impact of the Health Sector on the Regional Level – Case of a Small, Open Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-658
Author(s):  
Timotej Jagrič ◽  
Johnathan C. Mun ◽  
Christine Elisabeth Brown ◽  
Dusan Fister
Keyword(s):  
Open Economy ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
National Level ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Middle Income

A GRIT methodology (Generation of Regional Input-Output Tables) to generate and analyze regional input-output tables is applied for a small, middle-income nation, where the single national input-output table is partitioned into numerous regional tables. Missing values data are imputed using an evolutionary stochastic population-based nature-inspired optimization algorithm with self-adapting control parameters and exogenous superior data are introduced as well. A nonsurvey study is carried for each regional economy by computing various multipliers, such as output, income, value-added, employment, and import multipliers, and outlining financial properties, development, and interconnections of the various regions in Slovenia. Finally, the effects of financing the regional healthcare sectors are examined. Empirical evidence that healthcare industry sectors are extraordinarily important at the regional level and thus necessary to deliver a favorable impact on the national production of Slovenia in future, can be used for forthcoming economic policies planning at regional and national level.

scholarly journals Growth, Trade, and Urban Development of Staple Regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Derek Hum ◽  
Paul Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Common Process ◽  
Trade Growth ◽  
Policy Guidance

Certain themes in historical and contemporary studies of the economic development of Canada remain important. Among these are the staple approach to interpreting Canadian economic development, the notion of Canada as a collection of regional economies, and the distinction between metropolis and hinterland. These themes are both fundamental and interrelated; indeed, they are manifestations of a common process — that of a resource-dependent economic expansion. This paper relates the urbanization and development of staple regions to such determinants as trade, growth, and economic structure. We integrate the metropolis-hinterland framework within the broader staple approach and provide a synthesis of various aspects of economic theory, particularly trade and economic structure, export-led growth of a small, open economy, and the disequilibrium dynamics of urban development — all reinterpreted within the special context of the staple economy. While our major aim is to provide a formal synthesis of the staple approach and urban development, ultimately for policy guidance, references to Canadian economic and historical development are made throughout.

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