scholarly journals Report of high genetic diversity of filarial worm, Wuchereria bancrofti from endemic region of Eastern Maharashtra (India)

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Mahakalkar ◽  
H. P. Sapkal ◽  
M. M. Baig
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Filarial Worm ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Minimum Genetic Distance

Summary “Filariasis free India” is National Health Policy’s vision. Currently, India has undertaken Mass Drug Administration drive (MDA) to eliminate the filariasis infection. Taking this into account, the emergence of new Wuchereria bancrofti resistant strains against the current choice of drugs cannot be ruled out. In this study, we report the genetic diversity of Wuchereria bancrofti from four districts (Amravati, Nagpur, Chandrapur and Wardha) of Vidarbha, a region in the eastern part of Maharashtra state of India and considered a hot spot of filariasis infections. The RAPD profiles were generated for 21 populations using nine random RAPD primers. The RAPD-PCR based distance matrix shows maximum genetic distance of 0.425 between the parasites from Nagpur and Amravati region and minimum genetic distance of 0.210 between the parasites of Wardha and Nagpur. The tree inferred by Neighbour-Joining (NJ) method shows four distinct clusters. With the single exception of isolates from Amravati, all other clusters show the intermingling of isolates with other districts. Further, the representation of isolates from Chandrapur in three out of four clusters revealed to be a founder and indicates towards the entry of the filarial worm into the Maharashtra state through southern route.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Swamp Eel of Bangladesh Through Dna Barcoding and Rapd Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-131
Author(s):  
Md Minhazul Abedin ◽  
Md Mostavi Enan Eshik ◽  
Nusrat Jahan Punom ◽  
Mst Khadiza Begum ◽  
Mohammad Shamsur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Export Demand ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Minimum Genetic Distance ◽  
Swamp Eel

The freshwater air-breathing swamp eel Monopterus spp. are native to the freshwater of Bangladesh and throughout the Indian subcontinent. To identify the different swamp eel species and to check the genetic diversity among them, a total of twelve swamp eel specimens were collected from four districts (Tangail, Bogura, Bagerhat and Sylhet) representing the four division of Bangladesh. The extracted DNA from twelve fish samples was amplified by the PCR technique for DNA barcoding and RAPD analysis. Among 12 specimens, 8 specimens showed a 95-100% similarity with M. cuchia species published in the NCBI GenBank database and BOLD system. The studied mct3 (collected from Tangail region), mcs1, mcs2 and mcs3 (collected from Sylhet region) specimens showed about 83% homology with Ophisternon sp. MFIV306-10 as per BLAST search; whereas BOLD private database showed 99% similarity with Ophisternon bengalense (Bengal eel). From the phylogenetic tree analysis, 8 samples were clustered with M. cuchia and 4 samples showed similarity with Ophisternon sp. MFIV306-10 and Ophisternon bengalense _ANGBF45828-19. In RAPD-PCR based analysis, it was found that the maximum genetic distance (1.6094) was observed between mcba2 and mcs3, while between mct1 and mct2, the minimum genetic distance was 0.000. A total of 192 bands, of which 35 were polymorphic with 17.88% polymorphisms among swamp eel species and the size of the amplified DNA fragments ranged from 250 to 1800 bp. The information on DNA barcoding and RAPD analysis help measure the genetic diversity among swamp eel species, ensure the reliability of the published taxonomic information, and initiate proper management programs to conserve these vulnerable species to meet future export demand. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 46(2): 117-131, December 2020

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Genetik Nyamuk Vektor Filariasis Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae) di Kota dan Kabupaten Pekalongan Dengan Metode PCR-RAPD

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Anindita Riesti Retno Arimurti
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Simple Matching Coefficient

Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus is a vector of nematode worms, namely Wuchereria bancrofti which is the cause of filariasis in tropical and subtropical countries. Distributed of Cx. quinquefasciatus is widely in Indonesia with differences the geographical, resulting in the adaptation to the environment and may  results in a high variation, both phenotypic (morphology) and genotypic (genetic) variation. This study aims was to determine the genetic diversity of mosquitoes Cx.quinquefasciatus as vector filariasis in Pekalongan City and Regent. Genetic characterization performed by PCR-RAPD using three primers, ie OPA-11, OPA-12, and OPA-15. Data were analyzed by using UPGMA algorithm and Simple Matching Coefficient and presented as dendrogram. The results showed a high genetic diversity with the polymorphisms up to 100%.  Keywords: Culex quinquefasciatus, vector, filariasis, PCR-RAPD 

Genetic Diversity and Genetic Differentiation of Rheum palmatum by Chloroplast matK Sequences

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Xiaoqin Zhang ◽  
Na Lin ◽  
Liping Chen ◽  
Zunjing Zhang ◽  
Houxing Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rheum Palmatum ◽  
Wild Resources ◽  
Nj Tree ◽  
Matk Sequence ◽  
Over Exploitation

Background: Rheum palmatum is a medically important plant in the Polygonaceae family. Its wild resources have been declining due to over-exploitation. It is important and urgent to investigate the genetic diversity for the conservation of R. palmatum. Methods: The Chloroplast DNA matK sequences were used to assess genetic diversity among and within populations in this species. The genetic diversity index was calculated by Dnasp, PERMUT and Arlequin 3.0 software, and a Neighbor-Joining (NJ)-tree was constructed by MEGA 5.0 software. Results: Nine haplotypes were obtained based on the matK sequence analysis in fifteen populations. We found a relatively high genetic diversity in species level (Hd = 0.7414), and the genetic diversity among populations (FST = 0.81582) was higher than that within populations (FSC = 0.69526) according to the AMOVA analysis. The genetic distance between populations ranged from 0 to 0.0044, which within populations ranged from 0 to 0.001761. There was a significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance (r = 0.601, P < 0.001) according to the SPSS analysis. Conclusion: The genetic diversity among populations was higher than that within populations due to geographic isolation and decline in gene flow among populations. This study is significant for further studies concerned with efficient collection and preservation of wild resource of R. palmatum.

A Major Disjunction in Genetic Diversity Over the Geographic Range of Acacia melanoxylon R.Br

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Playford ◽  
JC Bell ◽  
GF Moran
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Acacia Melanoxylon ◽  
River Region ◽  
High Level

A study of allozyme variation in Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. in 27 populations from across the geographic range of the species indicated high genetic diversity compared to other Australian trees and plants generally. Clines of increasing genetic variability with increasing latitude were found for four measures of genetic diversity. Most of the genetic diversity is found within populations but there was an unusually high level of the variation between populations (37.7%). A distinct genetic separation between the northern and southern populations was located approximately at the Hunter River region, where there is also a disjunction in the distribution of the species. The Nei (1978) genetic distance between these populations within this species is larger than observed between some plant species. Clearly the species has evolved separately in the two regions for a considerable time.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of local corn (Zea mays) cultivars from South Amarasi, Kupang District, Indonesia by Inter Simple Sequence Repeats marker

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uslan Uslan ◽  
NUR JANNAH
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Simple Sequence

Abstract. Uslan, Jannah N. 2020. Genetic diversity of local corn (Zea mays) cultivars from South Amarasi, Kupang District, Indonesia by Inter Simple Sequence Repeats marker. Biodiversitas 21: 1208-1214. Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important food crops in Indonesia. However, the studies described their genetic variation is relatively poor. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of local corn cultivars from South Amarasi, Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia using ISSR markers. The sampling was conducted in 4 different sites in Sub-district of Amarasi, Kupang District. A total of 11 corn cultivars from Sub-district of South Amarasi was collected. DNA isolation was performed by using CTAB Method. Clustering analysis was conducted on MSVP 3.2 software. It was shown that all ISSR-primers used (UBC 811, UBC 814 and UBC 824) were successfully produced polymorphic bands and represents the high genetic diversity of the local corn cultivars. The genetic distance index indicated that several corn cultivars from two different populations were geographically unclustered, although there are samples from several populations that have a low genetic distance. The genetic variation index also showed high genetic diversity among the populations. Further research on the exhaustive sample collection was needed to give an insight into the genetic diversity of local corn cultivars (Zea mays L.) from South Amarasi, Indonesia. Please write implementation of this research

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Faba Bean (Vicia faba) from Turkey

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 980-983
Author(s):  
Şurhan Göl ◽  
Sami Doğanlar ◽  
Anne Frary
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
High Genetic Diversity

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important food and feed legume because of the nutritional value of its seed protein and starch content, good biomass, and high efficiency nitrogen fixation. This study analyzed the molecular genetic diversity and population structure of 101 Turkish faba bean accessions using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 32 SSR markers yielded 281 loci of which 277 (98.6%) were polymorphic. Mean dissimilarity between genotypes was 0.355, a relatively high value which was expected given faba bean’s large genome and limited breeding history. According to the results, faba bean individuals grouped into three main clusters based on both distance matrix (neighbor-joining algorithm) and model-based (population structure) clustering analyses. Clustering was not correlated with seed size or origin within Turkey. Six cultivars were included in the analysis and showed high genetic diversity compared with the landraces, as expected, given the fact that at least some of the cultivars were bred by hybridization. A total of 47 individuals were selected for the core collection to represent the diversity of Turkish faba bean germplasm. This core set encompasses material adapted to all growing regions and should be a priority for morphological characterization.

scholarly journals Determination of Genetic Diversity Based on RAPD molecular Marker and ParARF3 Gene Expressions in some Apricot Genotypes in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-74
Author(s):  
Ali S. A. Al-Janabi ◽  
Arshad N. Alhasnawi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Marine Alga ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Minimum Genetic Distance ◽  
Relative Gene

Employing DNA markers allowed determining genetic diversity and relationships amongst five apricot genotypes. In this study, two relative gene expressions pertaining to ParARF3 gene, which could be distinguished from the genotypes that were exposed to various concentrations of marine alga treatments. As per our results, screening of seven primers with the DNA of 5 apricot genotypes was done, and six primers were generated while the primer OPN–16 gave negative results. The total quantity of fragments generated by 6 primers was 80 at an average of 13.33 fragments ̸primer. The highest unique percentage band depicted in U-17 touched 23%, and the total number of polymorphic bands touched 17 fragments with the average reaching 2.83 fragments ̸primer. The number of monomorphic lied in the range of 5 to 10, with a total of 47 monomorphic. Primer M 32 yielded the highest number of monomorphic bands reaching 10. Between Zaghenia and Zinni, a maximum genetic distance value of 0.8 was reached with less similarity value of 20%. A minimum genetic distance value of 0.44721 was noted between Kaisy and Baia while the high similarity value touched 55.3%. According to the cluster tree analysis, the genotypes were generally split into two key groups: A and B. The Zinni group, which included one apricot genotype, showed genetic similarity of 20% with the other genotypes present in B group. The B group was split into two sub-clusters B1 and B2 and the genetic similarity reached 44%. The ParARF3 relative gene expression pertaining to Zinni genotypes was second as well as convergent with that of gene expression for Zaghenia genotype results. Baia and Kaisy genotypes lied in between the lowest and highest ParARF3 value gene expression exposed to Marine Alga. These outcomes showed that RAPD markers offer an effectual alternative for the plant species genetic characterisation.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Orobanche crenata Populations in Ethiopia Using Microsatellite Markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gashaw Belay ◽  
Kassahun Tesfaye ◽  
Aladdin Hamwieh ◽  
Seid Ahmed ◽  
Tiegist Dejene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
South Gondar

Orobanche crenata is a parasitic weed that causes considerable yield losses on food legumes in Ethiopia and the Mediterranean region. Understanding the genetic diversity of Orobanche crenata using molecular techniques generate useful information in managing the weed through resistance breeding. This study aimed at assessing the genetic diversity of O. crenata populations collected from major faba bean growing areas of Ethiopia. A total of 96 samples were collected from the Orobanche-infested faba bean farmer field. The genetic diversity of the population was studied using 30 O. cumana SSR markers. The results showed that 11 SSRs were functional and transferable markers to study the diversity of O. crenata populations. The average number of alleles, gene diversity, heterozygosity, and polymorphic information content values for the SSR loci were 9.6, 0.82, 0.38, and 0.80, respectively. The pairwise genetic similarity analysis showed the lowest genetic distance between samples collected from South Gondar and South Wollo (0.12) while the highest genetic distance (0.48) was found between South Gondar and North Wollo. The analysis of molecular variance result indicated that the variation among individuals was a major source of genetic variation (55%) followed by within individuals (43%) and among populations (2%) variation. The output of population genetic structure analysis indicated the presence of two major groups irrespective of the area of collection or region of origin. Besides, the outcome of the spatial autocorrelation computation indicated a significant and positive genetic correlation between samples collected under a 28 km radius. In general, the absence of geographic region based genetic structure presumably demonstrates the expansion of the parasitic weed between farming sites upon its recent introduction to the country. Thus, the clear absence of population differentiation warrants screening faba bean population in hot spot area.

scholarly journals STUDY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND ANALYSIS OF THE DEGREE OF SIMILARITY IN SOME APPLE AND PLUM VARIETIES USING RAPD MARKERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (37) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Adina Iancu ◽  
◽  
Mihai Chivu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Allelic Polymorphism ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ex Situ Collection ◽  
Plum Varieties ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Molecular evaluation of germplasm is an important step in breeding programs, and the application of molecular biological techniques has led to important results in terms of both within- and between-species variability of traits. The RAPD technique has been successfully used to reveal allelic polymorphism as well as to measure genetic similarity. In this study, the genetic diversity of 25 genotypes and cultivars for apple species and 26 genotypes and cultivars for plum species was assessed with six RAPD markers. All these cultivars belong to the ex situ collection of apple and the ex situ collection of plum at the Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti. The average number of amplified bands was 19.2 for apple and 17.66 for plum. Statistical analysis of intraspecific allelic polymorphism was expressed using the PIC (Polymorphic Information Content) index, which takes into account the allelic frequency. Two statistical indices were used to quantify genetic diversity: the Shannon index and the Simpson index. The degree of similarity between varieties was analyzed using the NTSYSpc version 2.1. Following RAPD analyses, the allele sizes of the analyzed varieties were within the range quoted in the literature, the genetic profiles of the studied varieties suggesting a medium to high genetic diversity, except for markers OPBC-04 and OPBB-05 for plum species, which expressed a high genetic diversity. Genetic distances calculated based on polymorphism of migrated bands in agarose gel confirmed the known genealogies of the apple and plum varieties studied. Thus, the smallest genetic distance for apple species was found between 'Jonagold' and 'Golden Delicious', 'Pionier' and 'Rustic', 'Jonathan' and 'Idared', 'Wagener Premiat' and 'Granny Smith', 'Remar' and 'Aura', 'Romus 3' and 'Rome Beauty', and the largest between Malus floribunda and the other genotypes studied. In plum, the smallest genetic distance was found between 'Dani' and 'Tita', 'Roman' and 'Tuleu gras', 'Dara' and 'Haganta', 'Romanța' and 'Stanley', 'Anna Spath' and 'Renclod Violet', and the largest between 'Lama', 'Black Diamond' and the other genotypes studied.

scholarly journals Genetic relationships in Saccharum complex germplasm collections based on morphological and molecular markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiwit Budi WIDYASARI ◽  
. DAMANHURI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Markers ◽  
Saccharum Complex ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Germplasm Collections

and is a cross-pollinator, so information about the genetic relationship between the accessions in germplasm collections is very important for selecting the prospective parent in crossbreeding. This research aims to determine the phylogenetic relationship of 24 Saccharum complex accessions and to verify the grouping of accessions using 37 morphological and three microsatellite molecular markers. Interpretation of morphological and molecular data was obtained from the analysis using the NTYSYpc-2.02i program. The results show that within the 24 accessions analyzed using morphological markers, some accessions did not cluster as the classification at the conservation time. This difference is due to the morphological markers, descriptions of characters that do not appear are considered as the same variables though in different morphological characters, so this increases the value of genetic similarity among accessions analyzed. In contrast, the grouping of molecular markers shows that each accession was grouped according to the classification at the conservation time. These accessions had a low genetic similarity of 0.20 with a broad genetic distance of 0.80. This broad genetic distance indicates that the twenty-four accessions have a distant genetic relationship with one another, so that the genetic diversity of these accessions is relatively high. The high genetic diversity in germplasm collections improves its potential as a crossing parent to obtain a high heterosis effect.

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