The viability of Trichinella spiralis larvae in frozen pork and wild boar meat revealed by the experimental infection of laboratory mice

Summary The aim of the research was to verify the viability of Trichinella spiralis larvae in pig and wild boar meat frozen at -18 °C from 268 days to 1021 days. There were three groups of laboratory inbred Balb/C mice and Bagg/ Albino/ strain C, each group received one sample consisting of 20 g meat infected with T. spiralis larvae, according to the protocol, and an uninfected control group. The experiments were ended after 80 days, by euthanizing the mice and taking samples of muscle tissue, which were processed for histopathology. The results revealed the presence of Trichinella cysts in all experimental groups, confirming the extraordinary durability and viability of Trichinella larvae in meat frozen at -18 °C for many months. It was confirmed that the larvae detected in muscle tissues of mice were Trichinella spiralis.

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Selenium concentration in the muscle tissue of wild boars (Sus scrofa) from selected regions in Poland

Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.5419 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 113-119

Author(s):

Michalina Zowczak ◽

Grażyna Niedziałek ◽

Ewa Salamończyk ◽

Roman Miler

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Muscle Tissue ◽

Sus Scrofa ◽

Selenium Concentration ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Average Content ◽

Wild Boars ◽

Wild Boar Meat ◽

Meat Samples ◽

Mean Concentration

The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of selenium in the meat of wild boars from three selected regions of Poland. Selenium concentration was analysed in relation to the region (Masuria, Pomerania and Greater Poland) and in relation to the carcass weight and sex of the animals. The average content of selenium in the material was 0.093 μg/g. The highest mean concentration was observed in the meat samples from Greater Poland (0.099 μg/g) and in the muscle tissue of females (0.098 μg/g). The most valuable source of selenium was the meat of animals with carcass weight ranging from 21 to 40 kg (0.101μg/g). A 100 g portion of wild boar meat meets about 20% of the daily requirement for selenium for adults and 30% for children.

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Absorption of iodotyrosine from iodized milk protein in animals

Foods and raw materials ◽

10.21603/2308-4057-2020-1-60-66 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 60-66

Author(s):

Larisa Bolshakova ◽

Dmitry Lukin

Keyword(s):

Blood Plasma ◽

Muscle Tissue ◽

Potassium Iodide ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Control Group ◽

Animal Group ◽

Rat Blood ◽

Organic Iodine ◽

Muscle Tissues ◽

Experimental Group

Introduction. One of the ways to the solve iodine deficiency problem is the addition of iodine to farm animal feed. It allows producing iodized livestock products. Promising sources of organic iodine are iodotyrosine-containing iodized milk proteins. Organic iodine accumulation in organs and tissues has not been sufficiently studied. Study objects and methods. We determined iodotyrosine content in rat blood plasma and in pig muscle tissue. For this purpose, high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection and cathodic stripping voltammetry were used. Results and discussion. At the first stage of the study, we examined iodotyrosines in rat blood plasma after a single administration of iodized milk protein or potassium iodide (30 μg I/kg weight) at specific time intervals. A significant increase in the concentration of monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine was recorded 4 and 24 h after the administration. At the second stage, we studied the accumulation of iodotyrosines in the muscle tissue of pigs during their fattening period (104 days). The diet of the control animal group included potassium iodide (0.6 mg I/kg of feed). The experimental groups A and B got iodized milk protein (0.3 and 0.6 mg I/kg of feed, respectively). Monoiodotyrosin content in the muscle tissue of pigs of the experimental groups was 3.0 and 5.2 times higher than that in the control group. Diiodotyrosine content was 4.9 and 8.2 times higher. In the experimental group A, iodine content in muscle tissues was 26% higher than that in the control group, in the experimental group B it was 72% higher. Calculations of iodine intake balance and its accumulation in muscle tissues showed that in animals whose diet included iodized milk protein, the iodine assimilation was much higher (0.70 and 0.53%) than in the control group (0.21%). Conclusion. Iodotyrosines from iodized milk protein are absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract in an unchanged form and accumulate in muscle tissues. The findings give more clear understanding of physiological and biochemical mechanisms of organic iodine absorption in animals.

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Trichinellosis survey in the wild boar from the Toledo mountains in south-western Spain (2007–2008): molecular characterization of Trichinella isolates by ISSR-PCR

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x09349469 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 117-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

R.N. García-Sánchez ◽

J.J. Nogal-Ruiz ◽

R. Manzano-Lorenzo ◽

J.M. Arroyo Díaz ◽

G. Pérez López ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Wildlife Diseases ◽

Hunting Season ◽

Wild Boars ◽

Wild Host ◽

Wild Boar Meat ◽

Western Spain ◽

Issr Pcr

AbstractIn Spain, trichinellosis represents a public health problem, with an average of five outbreaks per year, wild boar meat being the main source of infection. A trichinellosis survey (2007–2008 hunting campaign) was carried out on wild boars in the Toledo Mountains (south-western Spain, EU) in the context of a surveillance programme on wildlife diseases. A total of 2216 wild boars from different locations of the region were examined. The examination was carried out by veterinarians in the local abattoir (Matadero Municipal de Toledo). The positive samples were sent to the Department of Parasitology (Facultad de Farmacia, UCM) for experimental isolation and specific identification by inter-simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction (ISSR-PCR). Using this technique we identified 17 isolates as Trichinella spiralis with an electrophoretic profile indistinguishable from the T. spiralis reference strain (ISS48). We confirmed that ISSR-PCR is a robust technique for the molecular identification of Trichinella isolates. According to our results, the prevalence of T. spiralis in wild boars from the Toledo Mountains (>800 m above sea level) during the hunting season was approximately 0.77%. The prevalence of T. spiralis (100% of our observations) is a good example of the persistence of this species in sylvatic conditions (coming from the domestic cycle), if a good wild host is abundant. Our observations confirm the major prevalence of T. spiralis over T. britovi in this region, as well as the risk to human health represented by the consumption of uninspected wild boar meat.

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Gamma radiation effect on Trichinella pseudospiralis and Trichinella spiralis infected wild boar meat

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109257 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 287 ◽

pp. 109257

Author(s):

Mariano E. Ercole ◽

Clara Bessi ◽

Mariana I. Pasqualetti ◽

M. Mabel Ribicich ◽

Tatiana Aronowicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gamma Radiation ◽

Wild Boar ◽

Radiation Effect ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Trichinella Pseudospiralis ◽

Wild Boar Meat

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Gamma radiation effect on Trichinella pseudospiralis and Trichinella spiralis infected wild boar meat

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109543 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109543

Author(s):

Mariano E. Ercole ◽

Clara Bessi ◽

Mariana I. Pasqualetti ◽

M. Mabel Ribicich ◽

Tatiana Aronowicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gamma Radiation ◽

Wild Boar ◽

Radiation Effect ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Trichinella Pseudospiralis ◽

Wild Boar Meat

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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Serum from Pigs Experimentally Infected with Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi, and Trichinella pseudospiralis

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9010055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michał Gondek ◽

Agnieszka Herosimczyk ◽

Przemysław Knysz ◽

Małgorzata Ożgo ◽

Adam Lepczyński ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Uninfected Control ◽

Complement C3 ◽

Control Group ◽

Gamma Chain ◽

Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Trichinella Britovi ◽

Trichinella Pseudospiralis ◽

Comparative Proteomic Analysis

Although the available proteomic studies have made it possible to identify and characterize Trichinella stage-specific proteins reacting with infected host-specific antibodies, the vast majority of these studies do not provide any information about changes in the global proteomic serum profile of Trichinella-infested individuals. In view of the above, the present study aimed to examine the protein expression profile of serum obtained at 13 and 60 days postinfection (d.p.i.) from three groups of pigs experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi, and Trichinella pseudospiralis and from uninfected, control pigs by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The comparative proteomic analysis of the T. spiralis group vs. the control group revealed 5 differently expressed spots at both 13 and 60 d.p.i. Experimental infection with T. britovi induced significant expression changes in 3 protein spots at 13 d.p.i. and in 6 protein spots at 60 d.p.i. in comparison with the control group. Paired analyses between the group infected with T. pseudospiralis and the uninfected control group revealed 6 differently changed spots at 13 d.p.i. and 2 differently changed spots at 60 d.p.i. Among these 27 spots, 15 were successfully identified. Depending on the Trichinella species triggering the infection and the time point of serum collection, they were IgM heavy-chain constant region, antithrombin III-precursor, immunoglobulin gamma-chain, clusterin, homeobox protein Mohawk, apolipoprotein E precursor, serum amyloid P-component precursor, Ig lambda chains, complement C3 isoform X1, and apolipoprotein A-I. Our results demonstrate that various Trichinella species and different phases of the invasion produce a distinct, characteristic proteomic pattern in the serum of experimentally infected pigs.

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The Role of Interleukine-10 and Interferon-γ as Potential Markers of the Evolution of African Swine Fever Virus Infection in Wild Boar

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10060757 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 757

Author(s):

Sandra Barroso-Arévalo ◽

Jose A. Barasona ◽

Estefanía Cadenas-Fernández ◽

José M. Sánchez-Vizcaíno

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Vaccine Candidate ◽

African Swine Fever Virus ◽

African Swine Fever ◽

Interferon Γ ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Control Group ◽

Challenge Virus ◽

Ifn Γ

African swine fever virus (ASFv) is one of the most challenging pathogens to affect both domestic and wild pigs. The disease has now spread to Europe and Asia, causing great damage to the pig industry. Although no commercial vaccine with which to control the disease is, as yet, available, some potential vaccine candidates have shown good results in terms of protection. However, little is known about the host immune mechanisms underlying that protection, especially in wild boar, which is the main reservoir of the disease in Europe. Here, we study the role played by two cytokines (IL-10 and IFN-γ) in wild boar orally inoculated with the attenuated vaccine candidate Lv17/WB/Rie1 and challenged with a virulent ASFv genotype II isolate. A group of naïve wild boar challenged with the latter isolate was also established as a control group. Our results showed that both cytokines play a key role in protecting the host against the challenge virus. While high levels of IL-10 in serum may trigger an immune system malfunctioning in challenged animals, the provision of stable levels of this cytokine over time may help to control the disease. This, together with high and timely induction of IFN-γ by the vaccine candidate, could help protect animals from fatal outcomes. Further studies should be conducted in order to support these preliminary results and confirm the role of these two cytokines as potential markers of the evolution of ASFV infection.

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Abdominal paragonimiasis after consumption of wild boar meat

International Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 105 ◽

pp. 40-41

Author(s):

Shinya Nakashima ◽

Ichiro Takajo ◽

Haruhiko Maruyama ◽

Eiji Nagayasu

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Wild Boar Meat

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Murine hepatoma treatment with mature dendritic cells stimulated by Trichinella spiralis excretory/secretory products

Parasite ◽

10.1051/parasite/2020045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Jing Ding ◽

Xiaolei Liu ◽

Bin Tang ◽

Xue Bai ◽

Yang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

Tumor Growth ◽

Antitumor Effect ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Critical Role ◽

Tumor Model ◽

Control Group ◽

Tumor Inhibition ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Secretory Products

Excretory/Secretory Products (ESPs) of the nematode Trichinella spiralis contain antitumor-active substances that inhibit tumor growth. Mature dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the antitumor immunity of the organism. As pathogen-derived products, it ought to be discussed whether T. spiralis ESPs will reduce the antitumor effect of mature DCs from the host before it is applied to patients’ tumors. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the immunological effect of DCs stimulated by T. spiralis ESPs in H22 tumor-bearing mice. H22 tumor model mice in this study were randomly divided into four groups according to the treatment: PBS control group, ESP group, DCs group, and DCs stimulated with T. spiralis ESP (ESP+DCs group). The antitumor effect was evaluated by tumor inhibition rate and cytokine detection using ELISA. The results showed significant inhibition in tumor growth in the ESP+DCs, DCs and ESP groups when compared with the PBS control group (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.05, respectively). However, no significant difference was observed on tumor inhibition rates between the ESP+DCs and DCs groups. The decrease in IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10, and the increase in IFN-γ between the DCs and ESP+DCs groups were also not significant. Therefore, DCs stimulated by ESP did not reduce the antitumor effect of mature DCs, which demonstrated that the T. spiralis ESP would not affect the antitumor effect of mature DCs by modulating the immune response of the host, and that ESPs are safe in antitumor immunology when applied in a tumor model mice.

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