scholarly journals The Role of Interleukine-10 and Interferon-γ as Potential Markers of the Evolution of African Swine Fever Virus Infection in Wild Boar

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Sandra Barroso-Arévalo ◽  
Jose A. Barasona ◽  
Estefanía Cadenas-Fernández ◽  
José M. Sánchez-Vizcaíno
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Ifn Γ

African swine fever virus (ASFv) is one of the most challenging pathogens to affect both domestic and wild pigs. The disease has now spread to Europe and Asia, causing great damage to the pig industry. Although no commercial vaccine with which to control the disease is, as yet, available, some potential vaccine candidates have shown good results in terms of protection. However, little is known about the host immune mechanisms underlying that protection, especially in wild boar, which is the main reservoir of the disease in Europe. Here, we study the role played by two cytokines (IL-10 and IFN-γ) in wild boar orally inoculated with the attenuated vaccine candidate Lv17/WB/Rie1 and challenged with a virulent ASFv genotype II isolate. A group of naïve wild boar challenged with the latter isolate was also established as a control group. Our results showed that both cytokines play a key role in protecting the host against the challenge virus. While high levels of IL-10 in serum may trigger an immune system malfunctioning in challenged animals, the provision of stable levels of this cytokine over time may help to control the disease. This, together with high and timely induction of IFN-γ by the vaccine candidate, could help protect animals from fatal outcomes. Further studies should be conducted in order to support these preliminary results and confirm the role of these two cytokines as potential markers of the evolution of ASFV infection.

scholarly journals Role of African swine fever virus (ASFV) proteins EP153R and EP402R in reducing viral persistence in blood and virulence in pigs infected with BeninΔDP148R

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlad Petrovan ◽  
Anusyah Rathakrishnan ◽  
Muneeb Islam ◽  
Lynnette C. Goatley ◽  
Katy Moffat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Virus Persistence ◽  
Challenge Virus

The limited knowledge on the role of many of the approximately 170 proteins encoded by African swine fever virus restricts progress towards vaccine development. Previously, the DP148R gene was deleted from the genome of genotype I virulent Benin 97/1 isolate. This virus, BeninΔDP148R, induced transient moderate clinical signs after immunization and high levels of protection against challenge. However, the BeninΔDP148R virus and genome persisted in blood over a prolonged period. In the current study deletion of either EP402R or EP153R genes individually or in combination from BeninΔDP148R genome was shown not to reduce virus replication in macrophages in vitro. However, deletion of EP402R dramatically reduced the period of infectious virus persistence in blood in immunized pigs from 28 to 14 days and virus genome from 59 to 14 days, whilst maintaining high levels of protection against challenge. The additional deletion of EP153R (BeninΔDP148RΔEP153RΔEP402R) further attenuated the virus and no viremia or clinical signs were observed post-immunization. This was associated with decreased protection and detection of moderate levels of challenge virus in blood. Interestingly, the deletion of EP153R alone from BeninΔDP148R did not result in further virus attenuation and did not reduce the period of virus persistence in blood. These results show that EP402R and EP153R have a synergistic role in reducing clinical signs and levels of virus in blood. Importance: African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a disease of domestic pigs and wild boar which results in death of almost all infected animals. The disease has a high economic impact, and no vaccine is available. We investigated the role of two ASFV proteins, called EP402R and EP153R, in determining the levels and length of time virus persists in blood from infected pigs. EP402R causes ASFV particles and infected cells to bind to red blood cells. Deletion of the EP402R gene dramatically reduced virus persistence in blood but did not reduce the level of virus. Deletion of the EP153R alone did not reduce the period or level of virus persistence in blood. However, deleting both EP153R and EP402R resulted in undetectable levels of virus in blood and no clinical signs showing the proteins act synergistically. Importantly the infected pigs were protected following infection with the wildtype virus that kills pigs.

scholarly journals Role of African swine fever virus (ASFV) proteins EP153R and EP402R in reducing viral persistence and virulence from attenuated BeninΔDP148R

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlad Petrovan ◽  
Anusyah Rathakrishnan ◽  
Muneeb Islam ◽  
Lynnette Goatley ◽  
Katy Moffat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Replication ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Viral Persistence ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Post Immunization

The limited knowledge on the role of many of the approximately 170 proteins encoded by African swine fever virus restricts progress towards vaccine development. In this study we investigated the effect of deleting combinations of different genes from a previously attenuated virus, BeninΔDP148R on: virus replication in macrophages, virus persistence and clinical signs post immunization, and induction of protection against challenge. Deletion of either EP402R or EP153R genes individually or in combination from BeninΔDP148R did not reduce virus replication in vitro. However, deletion of EP402R dramatically reduced viral persistence in vivo, whilst maintaining high levels of protection against challenge. The additional deletion of EP153R (BeninΔDP148RΔEP153RΔEP402R) further attenuated the virus and no viremia or clinical signs were observed post immunization. This was associated with decreased protection and detection of moderate levels of challenge virus in blood. Interestingly, the deletion of EP153R alone from BeninΔDP148R did not result in further virus attenuation and a slight increase in virus genome copies in blood was observed at different times post immunization when compared with BeninΔDP148R. These results show that EP402R and EP153R have a synergistic role in promoting viremia, however EP153R alone does not seem to have a major impact on virus levels in blood.

scholarly journals Ecological drivers of African swine fever virus persistence in wild boar populations: Insight for control

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2846-2859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim M. Pepin ◽  
Andrew J. Golnar ◽  
Zaid Abdo ◽  
Tomasz Podgórski
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Virus Persistence

scholarly journals Expression and purification of African Swine Fever virus p72 trimers as subunit vaccine candidate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiwen Meng ◽  
Yueping Zhang ◽  
Wenzhuang Zhu ◽  
Ye Xiang ◽  
Geng Meng
Keyword(s):  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Expression And Purification ◽  
Technical Approach

The authors have withdrawn this manuscript because the result is invalid. We intend to revise it on our technical approach and interpretation of the results. The authors do not wish for this manuscript to be cited as a reference for this project. Please contact the corresponding author if you have any questions.

scholarly journals Study on the Immunogenicity of Three Recombinant Lactic Acid Bacteria Expressing ASFV p14.5 Protein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quntao Huang ◽  
Tian-Ming Niu ◽  
Bo-Shi Zou ◽  
Jun-Hong Wang ◽  
Jun-Hong Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Fusion Gene ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Expression System ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adjuvant Effect

Abstract The African Classical Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) has spread severely all over the world. The lack of vaccines has dealt a heavy blow to the pig industry.In this study, the p14.5 protein encoded by the African swine fever virus was used as the antigen, and the p14.5 protein gene was expressed in vitro using the Lactobacillus expression system. Three new functional recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum((L. plantarum) were constructed and the p14.5 was successfully detected using western technology.Protein, fusion gene p14.5-IL-33-mouse（P14.5-IL-33-Mus） protein and CTA1-p14.5-DD protein expression.After oral immunization of SPF mice with recombinant lactic acid bacteria, flow cytometry and ELISA were used to detect that the differentiation and maturity of T, B, and DC cells of the mice were higher than those of the control group, and specific antibodies were produced. In contrast, the immune effect of the adjuvant group was stronger than that of the single antigen group, and the IL-33 adjuvant effect was stronger than that of the CTA1-DD adjuvant. This study provides effective data support for the prevention of African swine fever virus infection with new lactic acid bacteria preparations, and has certain innovative significance.

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