Trichinellosis survey in the wild boar from the Toledo mountains in south-western Spain (2007–2008): molecular characterization of Trichinella isolates by ISSR-PCR

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N. García-Sánchez ◽  
J.J. Nogal-Ruiz ◽  
R. Manzano-Lorenzo ◽  
J.M. Arroyo Díaz ◽  
G. Pérez López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Wildlife Diseases ◽  
Hunting Season ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Western Spain ◽  
Issr Pcr

AbstractIn Spain, trichinellosis represents a public health problem, with an average of five outbreaks per year, wild boar meat being the main source of infection. A trichinellosis survey (2007–2008 hunting campaign) was carried out on wild boars in the Toledo Mountains (south-western Spain, EU) in the context of a surveillance programme on wildlife diseases. A total of 2216 wild boars from different locations of the region were examined. The examination was carried out by veterinarians in the local abattoir (Matadero Municipal de Toledo). The positive samples were sent to the Department of Parasitology (Facultad de Farmacia, UCM) for experimental isolation and specific identification by inter-simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction (ISSR-PCR). Using this technique we identified 17 isolates as Trichinella spiralis with an electrophoretic profile indistinguishable from the T. spiralis reference strain (ISS48). We confirmed that ISSR-PCR is a robust technique for the molecular identification of Trichinella isolates. According to our results, the prevalence of T. spiralis in wild boars from the Toledo Mountains (>800 m above sea level) during the hunting season was approximately 0.77%. The prevalence of T. spiralis (100% of our observations) is a good example of the persistence of this species in sylvatic conditions (coming from the domestic cycle), if a good wild host is abundant. Our observations confirm the major prevalence of T. spiralis over T. britovi in this region, as well as the risk to human health represented by the consumption of uninspected wild boar meat.

scholarly journals Trichinosis in Lublin Province in 2003-2010 on a Background of Wild Boar`S Population Dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Marian Flis
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Population Interaction ◽  
Domestic Swine ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Abstract The research aimed at evaluating the epizootic and epidemiological situation of trichinosis during the last 8 years in Lublin province on a background of progressing increase in wild boar population within the region and in the whole country. Data for the study were taken from the report on the results of the official examination of slaughter animals and meat, poultry, game, lagomorphs and aquaculture animals and six reports on the number of trichinosis cases found at wild boars and domestic swine. In order to evaluate the trichinosis epidemiological situation within the region, reports of the National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene on the number of identified trichinosis cases in people, as well as the number of hospitalised patients were presented. In addition, information on the population and hunting achievement of wild boars in hunting circuits of Lublin province during the last 8 years was enclosed. The number of identified trichinosis cases in meat of wild boars from Lublin region increased 9 times, while the percentage of trichinosis occurrence in reference to the number of examined carcasses almost 3-fold. At the same period, the number of porcine carcasses, in which trichinosis was found, decreased by over 4 times. Over double increase in wild boar population on the studied area was observed during the evaluation. Dynamic increase in the population size - in an aspect of the species population interaction with the living habitat, and in the form of the increase in the number of damages of crops and cultivation fields - contributed to intensified hunting pressure towards the species expressed as almost 3-fold increase of wild boar hunting. Analysis of epizootic and epidemiological situation of Poland indicates that wild boar meat was the principal source of trichinosis during the studied period. Considering Lublin province, the number of identified trichinosis cases is still high as compared to eastern and central provinces. Meanwhile, when compared to western and northern Poland, the level of trichinosis invasion can be considered as low. Furthermore, the trichinosis morbidity among people, that does not exceed 0.18/100 thousand inhabitants, can be regarded as low. Nevertheless, the fact of underestimating the necessity of both wild boar’s and swine’s meat examination seems to be alarming

scholarly journals Were Polish wild boars exposed to Schmallenberg virus?

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Kęsik-Maliszewska ◽  
Artur Jabłoński ◽  
Magdalena Larska
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Schmallenberg Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Hunting Season ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
High Incidence

AbstractIntroduction: A novel to Europe Schmallenberg virus (SBV) causes clinical disease manifested by reproduction disorders in farm ruminants. In free-living ruminants, SBV antibodies as well as the virus were detected. Recent studies also revealed SBV antibodies in wild boars. The study investigates SBV antibodies occurring in wild boars in Poland at the peak of recent virus epidemics in the country.Material and Methods: Samples collected from 203 wild boars culled during the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 hunting season were serologically tested using multi-species cELISA. Attempted neutralisation tests failed due to poor serum quality. RT-PCR was implemented in seropositive and doubtful animals.Results: Two samples collected from wild boar in the winter of 2013 gave a positive result in ELISA, while another two from the 2012/2013 hunting season were doubtful. No SBV RNA was detected in spleen and liver tissues.Conclusion: Low SBV seroprevalence in wild boars, despite high incidence of SBV infections occurring simultaneously in wild ruminants, suggests that boars are unlikely to be a significant reservoir of the virus in the sylvatic environment in Poland.

scholarly journals Aujeszky’s Disease in South-Italian Wild Boars (Sus Scrofa): A Serological Survey

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3298
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Ferrara ◽  
Consiglia Longobardi ◽  
Filomena D’Ambrosi ◽  
Maria Grazia Amoroso ◽  
Nicola D’Alessio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hunting Season ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Aujeszky's Disease ◽  
Aujeszky’S Disease

Aujeszky’s disease (AD, pseudorabies) is a viral disease of suids caused by Suid Herpesvirus 1 (SHV-1) also referred as Aujeszky’s disease virus (ADV) or Pseudorabies virus (ADV). Domestic pig and Wild boar (Sus scrofa) are the natural host, but many species can be infected with ADV. The aim of our study was to evaluate seroprevalence of AD in wild boar hunted in the Campania Region, during the 2016–2017 hunting season. A total of 503 serum samples from wild boars hunted in the provinces of Campania Region (Southern Italy) were collected and were tested for antibody against ADV using an AD, blocking ELISA assay. A Seroprevalence of 23.85% (120/503, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 20.15–27.55) was found. Gender was not significantly associated with of ADV seropositivity (p > 0.05), while the presence of ADV antibodies was statistically associated with age (>36-month, p < 0.0001) and location (Avellino, p = 0.0161). Our prevalence values are like those obtained in 2010 in our laboratory (30.7%), demonstrating a constant circulation of ADV in the area.

scholarly journals Geographical restriction of Hepatitis E virus circulation in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Emilia-Romagna region, Northern Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Bonardi ◽  
Virginia Filipello ◽  
Enrico Pavoni ◽  
Valentina Carta ◽  
Luca Bolzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Hunting Season ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a singlestrand RNA virus that causes an acute viral hepatitis in humans. Among its eight recognized genotypes, HEV-3 and HEV-4 are zoonotic, infecting humans, pigs and wild boars. Recently, HEV-3 has been also detected in red deer, which represents another reservoir of HEV. Consumption of raw pork products (mainly liver sausages), undercooked wild boar meat, raw wild boar liver and deer meat has been responsible for foodborne HEV human worldwide. From November 2018 to March 2019, liver samples collected from 97 wild boars hunted in Emilia-Romagna region (Northern Italy) were tested for HEV RNA. The hunting area included two territories for an extension of 33 km2, named A (about 13 km2, natural park, deciduous wood) and B (about 20 km2, cultivated fields in proximity of a river) areas. Distance between the two areas ranged between 8 to 10 km. A total of 73 wild boars were hunted in area A, and 24 in area B. HEV RNA was detected by Realtime RT–PCR in 23/73 liver samples of wild boars living in area A only (31.5% - 95% CI: 22.0-42.8%). The HEV sequences (n=13) clustered within genotype 3. The majority of positives belonged to animals < 12 months (12/25; 48%), followed by subadults (13-24 months) (7/16; 43.8%) and adults (4/32; 12.5%). This difference was found to be statistically significant (p=0.0024). In absence of pig farms, the restriction of HEV-positive animals to a well-defined territory of 13 km2 (Boschi di Carrega Regional Park) could hypothetically be related to the presence of red deer (Cervus elaphus), which lived in area A at the beginning of the hunting season. Further studies are needed to confirm or deny our hypothesis.

scholarly journals Wild boars as sources for infectious diseases in livestock and humans

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1530) ◽  
pp. 2697-2707 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. J. Meng ◽  
D. S. Lindsay ◽  
N. Sriranganathan
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Human Habitation

Wild boars ( Sus scrofa ) are indigenous in many countries in the world. These free-living swine are known reservoirs for a number of viruses, bacteria and parasites that are transmissible to domestic animals and humans. Changes of human habitation to suburban areas, increased use of lands for agricultural purposes, increased hunting activities and consumption of wild boar meat have increased the chances of exposure of wild boars to domestic animals and humans. Wild boars can act as reservoirs for many important infectious diseases in domestic animals, such as classical swine fever, brucellosis and trichinellosis, and in humans, diseases such as hepatitis E, tuberculosis, leptospirosis and trichinellosis. For examples, wild boars are reservoirs for hepatitis E virus, and cluster cases of hepatitis E have been reported in Japan of humans who consumed wild boar meat. In Canada, an outbreak of trichinellosis was linked to the consumption of wild boar meat. The incidence of tuberculosis owing to Mycobacterium bovis has increased in wild boars, thus posing a potential concern for infections in livestock and humans. It has also been documented that six hunters contracted Brucella suis infections from wild swine in Florida. This article discusses the prevalence and risk of infectious agents in wild boars and their potential transmission to livestock and humans.

Selenium concentration in the muscle tissue of wild boars (Sus scrofa) from selected regions in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Michalina Zowczak ◽  
Grażyna Niedziałek ◽  
Ewa Salamończyk ◽  
Roman Miler
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Mean Concentration

The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of selenium in the meat of wild boars from three selected regions of Poland. Selenium concentration was analysed in relation to the region (Masuria, Pomerania and Greater Poland) and in relation to the carcass weight and sex of the animals. The average content of selenium in the material was 0.093 μg/g. The highest mean concentration was observed in the meat samples from Greater Poland (0.099 μg/g) and in the muscle tissue of females (0.098 μg/g). The most valuable source of selenium was the meat of animals with carcass weight ranging from 21 to 40 kg (0.101μg/g). A 100 g portion of wild boar meat meets about 20% of the daily requirement for selenium for adults and 30% for children.

Presence of antibodies against rabies in wild boars

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorazd Vengušt ◽  
Peter Hostnik ◽  
Mojca Cerovšek ◽  
Polona Cilenšek ◽  
Tadej Malovrh
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Hunting Season ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Research Reporting

Serum samples of 746 shot wild boars collected throughout Slovenia during the hunting season of 2005/2006 were examined for the presence of antibodies against rabies virus: 541 samples were collected in areas subjected to yearly antirabies vaccination, and 205 samples were collected in areas where preventive antirabies vaccination was not practised. Using a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in 209 out of 746 sera (28%) the levels of antibodies against rabies virus were higher than 0.5 IU/ml and deemed positive. A total of 173/541 (32%) and 36/205 (18%) samples were positive in the vaccinated and nonvaccinated areas, respectively. Further analysis of 191 out of the 746 samples using the fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation (FAVN) test revealed the presence of antibodies against rabies virus in 122/191 (64%) samples. This is the first extended research reporting that antibodies against rabies virus that originate from preventive oral vaccination targeting the fox population are present in wild boar.

Wild boars meat as a potential source of human trichinellosis in Poland: current data

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Moskwa ◽  
Aleksandra Cybulska ◽  
Aleksandra Kornacka ◽  
Władysław Cabaj ◽  
Justyna Bień
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Sylvatic Cycle ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractTrichinellosis is an epidemiological problem with a global distribution. In Poland a substantial increase of the wild boar population has been observed since 2010, together with an increased incidence of trichinellosis after ingestion of raw or undercooked wild boar products containing Trichinella spp. larvae. However, the actual number of human cases remains particularly difficult to determine. The aim of the present study was to determine the current prevalence and spread of these parasites within wild boars. The diaphragm pillars and tongue from 833 wild boars were collected from 2010 to 2014, as well as one wild boar meat sausage known to be a source of infection. The samples were tested for Trichinella spp. using pepsin digestion. Recovered larvae were identified at species level by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR). The overall prevalence in all examined samples was found to be 2.0% (17/833). Recovered larvae were identified as T. spiralis and T. britovi (9/18 and 5/18, respectively). T. spiralis larvae were isolated from the sausage. Mixed infection was confirmed only once. Three isolates were not identified. The results of our study confirm that the wild boar plays a key role in the maintenance of Trichinella nematodes through the sylvatic cycle.

scholarly journals High Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Slovenian Wild Boars (Sus scrofa)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3139
Author(s):  
Petra Bandelj ◽  
Diana Žele Vengušt ◽  
Rok Blagus ◽  
Aleksandra Vergles Rataj ◽  
Branko Krt
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
National Level ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Zoonotic Parasite ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Great Public Health

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite of great public health concern. Wild boars could be considered an emerging source of toxoplasmosis in humans due to the popularity of venison and their increasing population. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii in the Slovenian wild boar population and evaluate risk factors for human infection. Of 353 samples, 62% were positive for T. gondii using ELISA tests. This is the highest T. gondii seroprevalence reported to date in wild boar worldwide. The increase in prevalence with increasing age (p = 0.003) and weight (p = 0.002) were statistically significant, whereas gender was not (p = 0.781). Odds for being T. gondii-positive increased with age with the largest difference being between 2–3-year-old and 1–2-year-old animals (OR = 2.66, 95%CI: 1.03–6.85). Animals weighing 20–40 kg had a higher risk than animals weighing 0–20 kg (OR = 2.74, 95%CI: 1.21–6.20), whereas a further increase in the weight was not associated with increasing the odds. Due to the high Toxoplasma prevalence, the study concluded that the risk of exposure to T. gondii from handling raw or undercooked wild boar meat is high. Surveillance protocols should be established at the national level together with increased awareness within the hunting community.

scholarly journals Serological Detection of Trichinellosis among Suspected wild Boar Meat Consumers in North and Northeast of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faramarz Koohsar ◽  
Saied Reza Naddaf ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Rokni ◽  
Hamed Mirjalali ◽  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Trichinellosis is a foodborne zoonosis disease worldwide. Humans acquire infection by ingesting raw or uncooked animal flesh containing viable Trichinella larvae. The most common reservoirs of this helminth are pigs and wild boars. In northern Iran, hunting and consuming wild boars meat by some communities, including ethnic Armenians, may expose them to trichinellosis. Here, we investigated antiTrichinella IgG antibodies in high-risk individuals in northeastern Iran. Methods: From Mar to Aug 2020, we collected 189 blood samples from individuals with a history of wild boar meat consumption and examined the sera for antiTrichinella IgG antibodies using a commercial ELISA kit (NovaTec Immunodiagnostica GmbH, Germany). Sera from 30 individuals with no history of eating wild boar meat was used to determine the range of actual negative values and possible crossreactivity with other similar antigens. Results: Of the 189 participants, 5 (2.6%) had anti-Trichinella IgG antibodies (OD, 1.176 ±0.154). None of the 30 negative controls became positive (OD, 0.198 ± 0.044). The age, gender, occupation, and education showed no significant association with Trichinella seropositivity rate (P>0.05). All five seropositive cases were among 112 individuals (4.46% seropositivity) that resided in the western part of the study area, stretching from Behshar to Gorgan. Conclusion: Eating wild boar meat might expose individuals to trichinellosis in the north and northeast of Iran. Further studies with more individuals from different parts of the country and confirmation of the ELISA by additional tests like Western blot will give a more in-depth insight into human trichinellosis epidemiology in Iran.  

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