Steam explosion treatments of technical hydrolysis lignin

Holzforschung ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 571-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepan Krutov ◽  
Elena Ipatova ◽  
Aleksander Vasilyev
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Hydrolysis Lignin ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractTechnical hydrolysis lignins, both freshly obtained and stored longterm under atmosphere conditions, were treated by steam explosion (SE, 235°C/3.2 MPa) for 1, 2, and 3 min. The SE treated lignins were characterized by means of solid-state13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It was found that SE leads to significant changes in morphological and chemical properties of lignin due to oxidation, condensation and hydrolytic destruction.

Structure of poorly-ordered aluminosilicates

Clay Minerals ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 879-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Wilson ◽  
S. A. McCarthy ◽  
P. M. Fredericks
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Repulsive Forces

AbstractThe structure of synthetic aluminosilicates prepared at pH 6 has been investigated by 29Si and 27Al high-resolution solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and electron microscopy have also been used to characterize the products. The amount of Si and Al in protoimogolite, disordered allophane and other structures has been measured. There is a fair correlation between the intensity of the 349 cm−1 band in the FTIR spectra and the proportion by weight of protoimogolite Si measured by NMR. It is shown that disordered allophanes have similar structures to those proposed by van Reeuwijk and de Villiers (Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 32 (1968) 238–240), i.e. octahedral Al surrounding a tetrahedral core. Moreover, it is clear that at high Al:Si ratios (⩾1:1), protoimogolite can compete with disordered allophane precursors for aluminum. The driving forces for formation of protoimogolite rather than allophane appear to be long range Al-Al repulsive forces through oxygen.

Formation Mechanism and its Pozzolanic Activity of Metakaolin

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-603 ◽  
pp. 620-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Rong Wang ◽  
Ning Guo ◽  
Pei Gang He ◽  
Jing Bo Yu ◽  
De Chang Jia
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Pozzolanic Activity ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Increasing Temperature

In this paper, the process of the transformation from kaolin to metakaolin was investigated. The kaolin was calcined at different temperatures and analyzed by Xray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The formation of metakaolin structure was based on the stacking polyhedrons changes, which originated from dehydroxylation of kaolinite. With increasing temperature, kaolin kept structure of kaolinite unchanged in the course of dehydroxylation and then structure of kaolinite transformed to metakaolin when the dehydroxylation was over. It was demonstrated that the essence of pozzolanic activity of metakaolin. The result revealed that the pozzolanic activity of metakaolin increased with increasing temperature at the range of 600~900 °C.

SOLID-STATE FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED AND 31P NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRAL FEATURES OF PHOSPHATE COMPOUNDS

Soil Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 172 (7) ◽  
pp. 501-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongqi He ◽  
C. Wayne Honeycutt ◽  
Baoshan Xing ◽  
Richard W. McDowell ◽  
Perry J. Pellechia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Phosphate Compounds ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

scholarly journals Fourier Transform Infrared and Solid State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Characterization of Defatted Cottonseed Meal-Based Biochars

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Zhongqi He ◽  
Mingxin Guo ◽  
Chanel Fortier ◽  
Xiaoyan Cao ◽  
Klaus Schmidt-Rohr
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ft Ir

Conversion to biochar may be a value-added approach to recycle defatted cottonseed meal, a major byproduct from the cotton industry. In this work, complete slow pyrolysis at seven peak temperatures ranging from 300 to 600°C in batch reactors was implemented to process cottonseed meal into biochar products. Elemental analysis, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy and quantitative solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were applied to characterize raw meal and its derived biochar products. The biochar yield and organic C and total N recoveries decreased as the peak pyrolysis temperatures was elevated. However, most of the mineral elements including P in cottonseed meal were retained during pyrolysis and became enriched in biochar as a result of the decreased mass yield. The spectral data showed that pyrolysis removed the functional groups of biopolymers in cottonseed meal, producing highly aromatic structures in biochars. With increasing pyrolysis temperature, alkyl structures decreased progressively in the biochar products and became negligible at higher temperatures (550 and 600°C). Quantitative analysis of FT IR data revealed that the values of a simple 3-band (1800,1700, and 650 cm-1)-based R reading of the biochars were linearly related to the pyrolysis temperature, and showed strong correlations with decreasing aromaticity and increasing alkyl, aliphatic C-O/N and carbonyl signal intensities in the 13C NMR spectra. Therefore, the cheaper and faster FT-IR measurement could be used as a routine conversion indicator of pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass instead of the more expensive and time-consuming NMR spectroscopy.

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