Estimating moisture content variation in kiln dried Pacific coast hemlock

Abstract Kiln drying is admittedly a significant value-adding step in timber processing where the importance of predicting moisture within a dried batch cannot be overemphasized. This study predicts and characterizes the moisture variation in kiln-dried wood based on the initial and target moisture values using polynomial models. Four polynomial models are used to correlate initial and final moisture characteristics. First model is linear while the three others are nonlinear. The robustness of the three best models is analyzed and a closed formula is proposed to evaluate the final moisture coefficient of variation based on the target moisture and initial moisture coefficient of variation. Three models could successfully characterize the final moisture variation with the best one showing an R 2 > 96%. However, the first (linear) model is the most resilient and, thus recommended for estimating final moisture variation.

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Examination of moisture content variation within an operational wet deck

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj12.1.45 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 45-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

LAURENCE SCHIMLECK ◽

KIM LOVE-MYERS ◽

JOE SANDERS ◽

HEATH RAYBON ◽

RICHARD DANIELS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Forest Products ◽

Time Domain Reflectometry ◽

Water Application ◽

Wood Moisture ◽

International Paper ◽

Content Variation ◽

Moisture Variation

Many forest products companies in the southeastern United States store large volumes of roundwood under wet storage. Log quality depends on maintaining a high and constant wood moisture content; however, limited knowledge exists regarding moisture variation within individual logs, and within wet decks as a whole, making it impossible to recommend appropriate water application strategies. To better understand moisture variation within a wet deck, time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used to monitor the moisture variation of 30 southern pine logs over an 11-week period for a wet deck at the International Paper McBean woodyard. Three 125 mm long TDR probes were inserted into each log (before the deck was built) at 3, 4.5, and 7.5 m from the butt. The position of each log within the stack was also recorded. Mixed-effects analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine moisture variation over the study period. Moisture content varied within the log, while position within the stack was generally not significant. The performance of the TDR probes was consistent throughout the study, indicating that they would be suitable for long term (e.g., 12 months) monitoring.

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Sampling Intensity for Estimating Fuel Moisture Content in Lodgepole Pine and White Spruce Trees

International Journal of Wildland Fire ◽

10.1071/wf9920001 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

SJ Titus ◽

PM Woodard ◽

AF Johnson

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

White Spruce ◽

Size Class ◽

Fuel Moisture ◽

Probability Level ◽

Content Variation ◽

Live Biomass ◽

Fuel Moisture Content

The moisture content of live and dead foliage and roundwood on 30 lodgepole pine and 27 white spruce trees was determinedduring the summer of 1987. Sample trees were selectedrandomly throughout Alberta, Canada, without regard for weather. Five sub-samples were taken for each of the five roundwood diameter size classes (< 0.5cm,0.5 - 1 cm, 1.0- .0cm,3.0- 5.0cm, 5.0-7.0cm and 7.0-10.0 cm). Moisture content of live biomass was quite similar between species for the same fuel size class, regardless of when sampling occurred. Moisture content variation within trees was about half of the variation between trees for the same fuel size class. The coefficient of variation in moisture was much less for live material (generally < 0.3) than for dead biomass (always > 0.6). Average fuel moisture content for populations of lodgepole pine and white spruce trees may be estimated to within + 10% at the 68% probability level by sampling less than 20 trees and with only 3 fuel sub-samples per tree.

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The influences of moisture content variation, number and width of gaps on the withdrawal resistance of self tapping screws inserted in cross laminated timber

Construction and Building Materials ◽

10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.09.008 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 125 ◽

pp. 1205-1215 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Catarina Silva ◽

Jorge M. Branco ◽

Andreas Ringhofer ◽

Paulo B. Lourenço ◽

Gerhard Schickhofer

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Cross Laminated Timber ◽

Content Variation

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Ability of the Direct Wave Amplitude of Ground-penetrating Radar for Assessing the Moisture Content Variation of Timber

Near Surface 2010 - 16th EAGE European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics ◽

10.3997/2214-4609.20144882 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. Rodríguez-Abad ◽

R. Martínez-Sala ◽

F. García-García ◽

R. Capuz- Lladró

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Ground Penetrating Radar ◽

Wave Amplitude ◽

Direct Wave ◽

Content Variation ◽

Ground Penetrating

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Sources and Uses of Fuel for Fish Smoking Around the Lake Chad in Borno State, Nigeria

Journal of Environment and Ecology ◽

10.5296/jee.v6i2.8707 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 78 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yerima I. ◽

Y. M. Ngulde

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Large Volume ◽

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Rice Hull ◽

Fishing Community ◽

Acacia Senegal ◽

Lake Chad ◽

Energy Value ◽

Surface Moisture

<p>Fuel around the rural fishing community of the Lake Chad in Borno state is scarce and expensive. Where it is available it is at a distance of 120km therefore alternative and strategy must be developed to provide fuel to the fishing community to preserve the large volume of fish landed around the Lake Chad. A visit was made to the lake shores to identify the various types of materials in use by the processors as fuel and analysis of the fuel types were made, especially moisture content being the most important factor in determining the energy value of a fuel. The fuel types were compared to the type and quantity of fish landed daily. The analysis of variance between paired fuel types was found to be significant at 1% with low coefficient of variation. In this study Eucalyptus camaldulenis and Acacia senegal were found to have the least moisture content and available to processors. Rice hull which has a 0.001% surface moisture content was not known to the processors as biofuel. Which we hope to introduced at the end of the research. The use of cowdung was always minimized due to its social ills. </p>

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Non-destructive evaluation of moisture content in wood by using Ground Penetrating Radar

10.5194/gi-2016-24 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Hamza Reci ◽

Tien Chinh Maï ◽

Zoubir Mehdi Sbartaï ◽

Lara Pajewski ◽

Emanuela Kiri

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Ground Penetrating Radar ◽

Wood Fiber ◽

Fiber Direction ◽

Direct Wave ◽

Reflected Waves ◽

Moisture Variation ◽

Reflection Configuration ◽

Ground Penetrating ◽

Non Destructive

Abstract. This paper presents the results of a series of laboratory measurements carried out to study how the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) signal is affected by moisture variation in wood material. The effects of the wood fiber direction, with respect to the polarisation of the electromagnetic field, are investigated. The relative permittivity of wood and the amplitude of the electric field received by the radar are measured for different humidity levels, by using the direct-wave method in Wide Angle Radar Reflection configuration, where one GPR antenna is moved while the other is kept in a fixed position. The received signal is recorded for different separations between transmitting and receiving antennas. Direct waves are compared to reflected waves: it is observed that they show a different behaviour when the moisture content varies, due to their different propagation paths.

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A Non-Linear Model for Sensing Moisture Content in Transformers at Reduced Time

IEEE Sensors Journal ◽

10.1109/jsen.2019.2902641 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 4639-4646 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Chatterjee ◽

A. K. Pradhan ◽

S. Dalai ◽

S. Chakravorti ◽

B. Chatterjee

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Linear Model ◽

Non Linear ◽

Reduced Time

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Effect of non-genetic factors on age at first freezing and age at first use in Murrah bulls

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.5720 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Mohsin Ayoub Mir ◽

A. K. Chakravarty ◽

B. C. Naha ◽

V. Jamuna ◽

Dinesh M. Maher

Keyword(s):

Least Squares ◽

Linear Model ◽

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Age Groups ◽

National Dairy Research Institute ◽

Reproduction Traits ◽

Network Project ◽

Dairy Research ◽

Research Institute

In present investigation, the effect of non-genetic factors on age at first freezing and age at first use in Murrah breeding bulls has been studied. The data on reproduction traits of 57 Murrah bulls under NDRI (National Dairy Research Institute) centre belonging to 14 sets of Network Project on Buffalo Improvement at ICAR-NDRI, Karnal (Haryana), India during 20 years (1993-2013) were analysed using fixed linear model. The data were classified into various sub-classes for season of freezing and use, period of freezing and use, parity, stages of lactation and age groups of buffalo for age at first freezing and age at first use of Murrah breeding bulls. The average age at first freezing and use of Murrah bulls was estimated as 3.46 ± 0.08 years and 4.05 ± 0.13 years with the coefficient of variation of 14.43 % and 12.27%. The overall least-squares means for age at first freezing of Murrah bulls was estimated as 3.38 ± 0.01 years. Period and season of freezing had significant effect (P

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