A Versatile Converter of Liquid Hydrocarbons for the Production of Reducing and Carbonization Atmospheres

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah A. Al-Musa ◽  
Vladimir Martynenko ◽  
Mohammed Al-Saleh ◽  
Ayman Al-Zahrani ◽  
Vladimir Kalinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Protective Atmosphere ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Gas Generators ◽  
Gas Conversion

Abstract We herein report the results of our investigation into the modes of catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) of liquid fuels and air mixtures to yield endothermic (endo) gas on a pilot-scale installation containing ~ 0.45 cm3 catalytic bed. This endothermic gas serves as a protective atmosphere in thermochemical steel treatment processes. Seven liquid hydrocarbons (LHs) are investigated, namely isooctane, 91 RON (research octane number) and 95 RON gasoline, diesel, kerosene, jet fuel, and naphtha. All experiments are performed using our previously developed reactor, where the reactions of natural gas/air mixtures were previously studied. In the present study, we report that the LH conversion products reached an equilibrium state similar to that of methane and natural gas conversion with an atomic C/O ratio of ~ 1.0 in the mixture. Furthermore, working regimes between 850 and 950 °C are examined as typical reaction conditions for industrial endo gas generators, and in all cases, the required gas quality is achieved. However, we found that gasoline and diesel are the most suitable LH feedstock for endo gas generation.

Technical Feasibility of Small-Scale GTL Process towards Heat Integration: A Case Study of Nongtum A Reservoir in Thailand

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 1283-1290
Author(s):  
Dumrong Rungumrong ◽  
Karn Pana-Suppamassadu ◽  
Phavanee Narataruksa ◽  
Thana Sornchamni
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Heat Integration ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
Split Ratio

Natural gas can be a raw material to produce synthetic liquid fuels via Gas to Liquid process (GTL). The process is consist of 4 main parts which are cleaning unit, reforming unit, Fischer-Tropsch unit (FT) and product upgrading unit. To evaluate potential of having this kind of process for Nongtum A Reservoir, Thailand, technical feasibility of GTL process towards heat integration needed to be done. This work presented a process model, combined heat and power (gas generation) of Nongtum A Reservoir by using the total heat integration concept. Volume of natural gas at Nongtum A Reservoir is 56,634 m3/day at 10 bar, and 40 deg.C. ResuIts of the model simulation are the overall thermal efficiency of 10.32% to 14.88%, gasoline product of 435 to 575 bbl/day, and diesel product of 621 to 947 bbl/day depending upon a split ratio of natural gas to gas generation.

Natural gas conversion to liquid fuels in a zone reactor

2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Breed ◽  
Michael F. Doherty ◽  
Sagar Gadewar ◽  
Phil Grosso ◽  
Ivan M. Lorkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Natural Gas Conversion ◽  
Gas Conversion

Experimental Study of NOx Formation in Lean, Premixed, Prevaporized Combustion of Fuel Oils at Elevated Pressures

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gokulakrishnan ◽  
M. J. Ramotowski ◽  
G. Gaines ◽  
C. Fuller ◽  
R. Joklik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Lean Premixed Combustion ◽  
Lean Premixed

Dry low Emissions (DLE) systems employing lean, premixed combustion have been successfully used with natural gas in combustion turbines to meet stringent emissions standards. However, the burning of liquid fuels in DLE systems is still a challenging task due to the complexities of fuel vaporization and air premixing. Lean, Premixed, Prevaporized (LPP) combustion has always provided the promise of obtaining low pollutant emissions while burning liquid fuels such as kerosene and fuel oil. Because of the short ignition delay times of these fuels at elevated temperatures, the autoignition of vaporized higher hydrocarbons typical of most practical liquid fuels has proven difficult to overcome when burning in lean, premixed mode. To avoid this autoignition problem, developers of LPP combustion systems have focused mainly on designing premixers and combustors that permit rapid mixing and combustion of fuels before spontaneous ignition of the fuel can occur. However, none of the reported works in the literature has looked at altering fuel combustion characteristics in order to delay the onset of ignition in lean, premixed combustion systems. The work presented in this paper describes the development of a patented low-NOx LPP system for combustion of liquid fuels which modifies the fuel rather than the combustion hardware in order to achieve LPP combustion. In the initial phase of the development, laboratory-scale experiments were performed to study the combustion characteristics, such as ignition delay time and NOx formation, of the liquids fuels that were vaporized into gaseous form in the presence of nitrogen diluent. In phase two, an LPP combustion system was commissioned to perform pilot-scale tests on commercial turbine combustor hardware. These pilot-scale tests were conducted at typical compressor discharge temperatures and at both atmospheric and high pressures. In this study, vaporization of the liquid fuel in an inert environment has been shown to be a viable method for delaying autoignition and for generating a gaseous fuel stream with characteristics similar to natural gas. Tests conducted in both atmospheric and high pressure combustor rigs utilizing swirl-stabilized burners designed for natural gas demonstrated operation similar to that obtained when burning natural gas. Emissions levels were similar for both the LPP fuels (fuel oil #1 and #2) and natural gas, with any differences ascribed to the fuel-bound nitrogen present in the liquid fuels. Extended lean operation was observed for the liquid fuels as a result of the wider lean flammability range for these fuels compared with natural gas. Premature ignition of the LPP fuel was controlled by the level of inert gas in the vaporization process.

ChemInform Abstract: Natural Gas Conversion to Liquid Fuels and Chemicals: Where does it Stand?

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (25) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
N. D. PARKYNS ◽  
C. I. WARBURTON ◽  
J. D. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Natural Gas Conversion ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Gas Conversion

scholarly journals New Insight into the Kinetics of Deep Liquid Hydrocarbon Cracking and Its Significance

Geofluids ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhi Zhao ◽  
Shuichang Zhang ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Kun He ◽  
Xiaomei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Numerical Calculations ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Hydrocarbon Cracking ◽  
Kinetic Calculations ◽  
Total Oil

The deep marine natural gas accumulations in China are mainly derived from the cracking of liquid hydrocarbons with different occurrence states. Besides accumulated oil in reservoir, the dispersed liquid hydrocarbon in and outside source also is important source for cracking gas generation or relayed gas generation in deep formations. In this study, nonisothermal gold tube pyrolysis and numerical calculations as well as geochemical analysis were conducted to ascertain the expulsion efficiency of source rocks and the kinetics for oil cracking. By determination of light liquid hydrocarbons and numerical calculations, it is concluded that the residual bitumen or hydrocarbons within source rocks can occupy about 50 wt.% of total oil generated at oil generation peak. This implies that considerable amounts of natural gas can be derived from residual hydrocarbon cracking and contribute significantly to the accumulation of shale gas. Based on pyrolysis experiments and kinetic calculations, we established a model for the cracking of oil and its different components. In addition, a quantitative gas generation model was also established to address the contribution of the cracking of residual oil and expulsed oil for natural gas accumulations in deep formations. These models may provide us with guidance for gas resource evaluation and future gas exploration in deep formations.

Natural gas conversion to liquid fuels and chemicals: Where does it stand?

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.D. Parkyns ◽  
C.I. Warburton ◽  
J.D. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Natural Gas Conversion ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Gas Conversion

New Process Development of Natural Gas Conversion Technology to Liquid Fuels via OCM Reaction

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Suzuki ◽  
Tomoyoshi Sasaki ◽  
Takashi Kojima ◽  
Masami Yamamura ◽  
Tomohiro Yoshinari
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Natural Gas Conversion ◽  
New Process ◽  
Gas Conversion ◽  
Conversion Technology

A Novel Low NOx Lean, Premixed, and Prevaporized Combustion System for Liquid Fuels

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gokulakrishnan ◽  
M. J. Ramotowski ◽  
G. Gaines ◽  
C. Fuller ◽  
R. Joklik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Lean Premixed Combustion ◽  
Lean Premixed ◽  
Combustion Systems

Dry low emission (DLE) systems employing lean, premixed combustion have been successfully used with natural gas in combustion turbines to meet stringent emission standards. However, the burning of liquid fuels in DLE systems is still a challenging task due to the complexities of fuel vaporization and air premixing. Lean, premixed, and prevaporized (LPP) combustion has always provided the promise of obtaining low pollutant emissions while burning liquid fuels, such as kerosene and fuel oil. Because of the short ignition delay times of these fuels at elevated temperatures, the autoignition of vaporized higher hydrocarbons typical of most practical liquid fuels has been proven difficult to overcome when burning in a lean, premixed mode. To avoid this autoignition problem, developers of LPP combustion systems have focused mainly on designing premixers and combustors that permit rapid mixing and combustion of fuels before spontaneous ignition of the fuel can occur. However, none of the reported works in the literature has looked at altering fuel combustion characteristics in order to delay the onset of ignition in lean, premixed combustion systems. The work presented in this paper describes the development of a patented low NOx LPP system for combustion of liquid fuels, which modifies the fuel rather than the combustion hardware in order to achieve LPP combustion. In the initial phase of the development, laboratory-scale experiments were performed to study the combustion characteristics, such as ignition delay time and NOx formation, of the liquid fuels that were vaporized into gaseous form in the presence of nitrogen diluent. In the second phase, a LPP combustion system was commissioned to perform pilot-scale tests on commercial turbine combustor hardware. These pilot-scale tests were conducted at typical compressor discharge temperatures and at both atmospheric and high pressures. In this study, vaporization of the liquid fuel in an inert environment has been shown to be a viable method for delaying autoignition and for generating a gaseous fuel stream with characteristics similar to natural gas. Tests conducted in both atmospheric and high pressure combustor rigs utilizing swirl-stabilized burners designed for natural gas demonstrated an operation similar to that obtained when burning natural gas. Emission levels were similar for both the LPP fuels (fuel oils 1 and 2) and natural gas, with any differences ascribed to the fuel-bound nitrogen present in the liquid fuels. An extended lean operation was observed for the liquid fuels as a result of the wider lean flammability range for these fuels compared to natural gas.

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