Using Water Hydrogen Instead of Reducing Gas in the Production of Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaleel K. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Direct Reduced Iron ◽  
Reducing Gas ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Water Hydrogen

AbstractOil rich countries are using natural gas as a source for reducing gas (H

scholarly journals Evaluation of biomass-based production of below zero emission reducing gas for the iron and steel industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hammerschmid ◽  
Stefan Müller ◽  
Josef Fuchs ◽  
Hermann Hofbauer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Separation Unit ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Reducing Gas ◽  
Zero Emission

Abstract The present paper focuses on the production of a below zero emission reducing gas for use in raw iron production. The biomass-based concept of sorption-enhanced reforming combined with oxyfuel combustion constitutes an additional opportunity for selective separation of CO2. First experimental results from the test plant at TU Wien (100 kW) have been implemented. Based on these results, it could be demonstrated that the biomass-based product gas fulfills all requirements for the use in direct reduction plants and a concept for the commercial-scale use was developed. Additionally, the profitability of the below zero emission reducing gas concept within a techno-economic assessment is investigated. The results of the techno-economic assessment show that the production of biomass-based reducing gas can compete with the conventional natural gas route, if the required oxygen is delivered by an existing air separation unit and the utilization of the separated CO2 is possible. The production costs of the biomass-based reducing gas are in the range of natural gas-based reducing gas and twice as high as the production of fossil coke in a coke oven plant. The CO2 footprint of a direct reduction plant fed with biomass-based reducing gas is more than 80% lower compared with the conventional blast furnace route and could be even more if carbon capture and utilization is applied. Therefore, the biomass-based production of reducing gas could definitely make a reasonable contribution to a reduction of fossil CO2 emissions within the iron and steel sector in Austria.

Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Technology - Midrex and Energiron

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 654-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Feng Man Shen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Shaft Furnace ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Iron And Steel Industry ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Direct Reduced Iron ◽  
Worldwide Production ◽  
Reforming Gas

Coke constitutes the major portion of ironmaking cost and its production causes the severe environmental concerns. So lower energy consumption, lower CO2 emission and waste recycling are driving the iron and steel industry to develop alternative, or coke-free, ironmaking process. Midrex and HYL Energiron are the leading technologies in shaft furnace direct reduction, and they account for about 76% of worldwide production. They are the most competitive ways to obtain high quality direct reduced iron (DRI) for steelmaking. Therefore, in the present paper, some detailed information about these two processes are given. Much attention has been paid on process scheme, the feedstock, DRI product, heat recovery, reforming gas, hot discharge and transportation, and by-product emission. Its very important for direct reduction development in both natural gas-rich counties and natural gas-poor counties.

scholarly journals An overview of the oil and natural gas revenue management in Tanzania. A mini review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obadia Kyetuza Bishoge ◽  
Lingling Zhang ◽  
Witness Gerald Mushi ◽  
Shaldon Leparan Suntu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Revenue Management ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Rich Countries

Management of oil and gas resources or revenues from trans-boundary or disputes areas has always been an issue of controversy in most oil and gas resource-rich countries. Tanzania is among the developing countries which rise with rich in oil and gas resources. It requires more attention on how the revenues generated from these resources should be utilized sustainably. This paper, therefore, provides the current overview of the tools and institutions that offer the guidelines on oil and gas revenue management and distribution.

scholarly journals Production of Negative-Emissions Steel Using a Reducing Gas Derived from DFB Gasification

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4835
Author(s):  
Sébastien Pissot ◽  
Henrik Thunman ◽  
Peter Samuelsson ◽  
Martin Seemann
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Reducing Gas ◽  
Negative Emissions ◽  
The Cost

A dual fluidized bed (DFB) gasification process is proposed to produce sustainable reducing gas for the direct reduction (DR) of iron ore. This novel steelmaking route is compared with the established process for DR, which is based on natural gas, and with the emerging DR technology using electrolysis-generated hydrogen as the reducing gas. The DFB-DR route is found to produce reducing gas that meets the requirement of the DR reactor, based on existing MIDREX plants, and which is produced with an energetic efficiency comparable with the natural gas route. The DFB-DR path is the only route considered that allows negative CO2 emissions, enabling a 145% decrease in emissions relative to the traditional blast furnace–basic oxygen furnace (BF–BOF) route. A reducing gas cost between 45–60 EUR/MWh is obtained, which makes it competitive with the hydrogen route, but not the natural gas route. The cost estimation for liquid steel production shows that, in Sweden, the DFB-DR route cannot compete with the natural gas and BF–BOF routes without a cost associated with carbon emissions and a revenue attributed to negative emissions. When the cost and revenue are set as equal, the DFB-DR route becomes the most competitive for a carbon price >60 EUR/tCO2.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF A POSSIBILITY OF QUALITY IMPROVING OF REDUCING GAS BY TWO STAGE NATURAL GAS CONVERSION

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
A.A. Nebesniy ◽  
V.G. Kotov ◽  
O.M. Svyatenko ◽  
D.S. Filonenko ◽  
A.I. Khovavko
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Temperature Region ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Reducing Gas ◽  
Gas Conversion

The analysis of the method of reducing gas obtaining by natural gas air reforming with cooling and drying of obtained products on the first stage of the process, their heat treatment in the catalyst layer, chilling and drying — on the second stage is made. It is determined that the temperature of a thermal gas treatment at the second stage of the process, shall not be less than 850–950 °C, which allows to increase the ratio (CO + H2)/CO2 in the resulting reducing gas. The values of the minimum temperature of gas processing on the second stage of the process depending on the pressure in the system are calculated. The total heat effect of chemical reactions depending on the temperature of gas heat treatment at different pressure is defined. It is shown the possibility of compensation for the heat expenditure required for the chemical reactions behavior in the temperature region above 850 °C by gas overheating in excess of the required level prior to its entering into catalyst bed on the second stage of the process. Ref. 20, Fig. 3, Tab. 1.

scholarly journals Chemical reactions at reduction of iron from oxides by natural gas

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-86
Author(s):  
V. I. Berdnikov ◽  
Yu. A. Gudim
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Heavy Hydrocarbons ◽  
Reducing Gas ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Main Component

The main component of natural gas is methane CH4 , that is, a component consisting of two active reducing agents for iron – carbon and hydrogen. Previously, computer simulations have found that the reduction of iron from magnetite with carbon begins at 680 °C, and its reduction with hydrogen – at 350 °C. In this paper it is shown that the beginning of the reduction of iron with methane should be expected at a temperature of 530 °C. However, this temperature for natural gas, obtained from gas condensate fields and containing up to 10 % of heavy hydrocarbons and impurities, increases to 550 °C. When using natural gas together with oxygen in the ratio CH4 : O2 = 2:1, temperature of the beginning of reduction also increases to 620 °C. In addition, a calculation formula was proposed for Fe – O – C – H system, which allows predicting the formation of a “pure” phase of iron at 1500 °C based on the chemical composition of the reducing gas mixture.

scholarly journals Effect of Carbon Addition on Direct Reduction Behavior of Low Quality Magnetite Ore by Reducing Gas Atmosphere

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1404
Author(s):  
Seongrim Song ◽  
Youngjo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Direct Reduced Iron ◽  
Carbon Efficiency ◽  
Reducing Gas ◽  
Initial Reduction ◽  
Coal Particles ◽  
Composite Pellets

Recently, direct reduced iron (DRI) has been highlighted as a promising iron source for electric arc furnace (EAF)-based steelmaking. The two typical production methods for DRI are gas-based reduction and reduction using carbon composite pellets. While the gas-based reduction is strongly dependent on the reliable supply of hydrocarbon fuel, reduction using ore-coal composite pellets has relatively low productivity due to solid–solid reactions. To overcome the limitations of the above two processes, and to achieve a more efficient direct reduction process of iron ore, the possibility of combining these two methods was investigated. The experiments focused on performing an initial direct reduction using ore-coal composite pellets followed by a second stage gas reduction. It was assumed that the initial reduction of the carbon composite pellets would enhance the efficiency of the subsequent reduction by gas and the total reduction efficiency. The porosity, as well as the carbon efficiency for direct reduction, were measured to determine the optimal conditions for the initial reduction, such as the size ratio of ore and coal particles. Thereafter, further reduction by the reducing gas was carried out to verify the effect of the preliminary reduction. The reduction kinetics of the reducing gas was also discussed.

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