scholarly journals Text and Image Studies: Theory of East Asian Cultural Diffusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
I Lo-fen
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Text And Image ◽  
Cultural Diffusion ◽  
Theoretical Application ◽  
New Research ◽  
Creativity And Innovation ◽  
Language Text

Abstract The word ‘Text’ in Text and Image Studies encompasses sound/ language text, textual body, word/ literary text and image text. ‘Image’ represents not only pictorial illustrations, but also symbols, icons, logos/ trademarks and other forms of visual rhetoric, as well as videos, lines and printed material. Text and Image Studies offers valuable approaches in the investigation and analysis of the complexity of the interplay, interrelations and disjunctions between text and image in various forms of visual media. Chief subjects of interest include creativity and innovation, distribution and dissemination, sociopolitical implications, impact on consumerism, psychological effects on human cognition, etc. The theoretical application of Text and Image Studies in the East Asian cultural exchange discussed in this article is the fruit of almost two decades of research. The article uses a seven-pronged approach - canonization, politicization, conceptualization, abstraction, localization, standardization, modularization- in the study of East Asian cultural exchange in variety of regions, time periods, and genre in an attempt to explore new research ideologies and theories.

Concluding Summary

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Figdor
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Research ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Conceptual Confusion

Chapter 10 provides a summary of the argument of the book. It elaborates some of the benefits of Literalism, such as less conceptual confusion and an expanded range of entities for research that might illuminate human cognition. It motivates distinguishing the questions of whether something has a cognitive capacity from whether it is intuitively like us. It provides a conceptual foundation for the social sciences appropriate for the increasing role of modeling in these sciences. It also promotes convergence in terms of the roles of internal and external factors in explaining both human and nonhuman behavior. Finally, it sketches some of the areas of new research that it supports, including group cognition and artificial intelligence.

The Load of Perceptual Indifference in Human Cognition of Load Heaviness in Manual Lifting Tasks

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 940-944
Author(s):  
Waldemar Karwowski
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Manual Lifting ◽  
New Research ◽  
Human Assessment

This main objective of this study was to introduce and investigate the concept of load of perceptual indifference (LPI) for assessment of load heaviness in manual lifting tasks. The loads of perceptual indifference were defined as those box weights which would result in the same values of subjective compatibility scores for a given pair of perceptual categories of load heaviness. At the point of indifference, the loads are perceived as to be acceptable, safe or not-too-heavy with an equal strength as the loads judged to be too-heavy for continuous lifting. The linguistic magnitude estimation (LME) method (Karwowski, 1990) was used for experimental and modeling purposes. This allowed to develop a quantitative model for the human assessment of four categories of lifted loads of interest. The results indicate that the lack of cognitive benchmark introduces inconsistency in subjects perception of load acceptability and safety compared to the concept of to-heavy load. In order to overcome this problem, a new research approach to manual lifting tasks is needed, based on the integration of cognitive engineering, active psychophysics and ecological approach.

scholarly journals New thinking: the evolution of human cognition

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1599) ◽  
pp. 2091-2096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Heyes
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Research ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Vast Range

Humans are animals that specialize in thinking and knowing, and our extraordinary cognitive abilities have transformed every aspect of our lives. In contrast to our chimpanzee cousins and Stone Age ancestors, we are complex political, economic, scientific and artistic creatures, living in a vast range of habitats, many of which are our own creation. Research on the evolution of human cognition asks what types of thinking make us such peculiar animals, and how they have been generated by evolutionary processes. New research in this field looks deeper into the evolutionary history of human cognition, and adopts a more multi-disciplinary approach than earlier ‘Evolutionary Psychology’. It is informed by comparisons between humans and a range of primate and non-primate species, and integrates findings from anthropology, archaeology, economics, evolutionary biology, neuroscience, philosophy and psychology. Using these methods, recent research reveals profound commonalities, as well striking differences, between human and non-human minds, and suggests that the evolution of human cognition has been much more gradual and incremental than previously assumed. It accords crucial roles to cultural evolution, techno-social co-evolution and gene–culture co-evolution. These have produced domain-general developmental processes with extraordinary power—power that makes human cognition, and human lives, unique.

scholarly journals The myth of language universals: Language diversity and its importance for cognitive science

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Evans ◽  
Stephen C. Levinson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Language Diversity ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
New Research ◽  
Recurrent Patterns

AbstractTalk of linguistic universals has given cognitive scientists the impression that languages are all built to a common pattern. In fact, there are vanishingly few universals of language in the direct sense that all languages exhibit them. Instead, diversity can be found at almost every level of linguistic organization. This fundamentally changes the object of enquiry from a cognitive science perspective. This target article summarizes decades of cross-linguistic work by typologists and descriptive linguists, showing just how few and unprofound the universal characteristics of language are, once we honestly confront the diversity offered to us by the world's 6,000 to 8,000 languages. After surveying the various uses of “universal,” we illustrate the ways languages vary radically in sound, meaning, and syntactic organization, and then we examine in more detail the core grammatical machinery of recursion, constituency, and grammatical relations. Although there are significant recurrent patterns in organization, these are better explained as stable engineering solutions satisfying multiple design constraints, reflecting both cultural-historical factors and the constraints of human cognition.Linguistic diversity then becomes the crucial datum for cognitive science: we are the only species with a communication system that is fundamentally variable at all levels. Recognizing the true extent of structural diversity in human language opens up exciting new research directions for cognitive scientists, offering thousands of different natural experiments given by different languages, with new opportunities for dialogue with biological paradigms concerned with change and diversity, and confronting us with the extraordinary plasticity of the highest human skills.

scholarly journals Fra Contadini di Errico Malatesta, da Firenze a Tokyo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Dornetti
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
Transnational Connections ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Way

In recent years scholars of anarchism have examined the movement’s transnational dimensions. This new research succeeded in redefining the periodization and the geography of anarchism. However, the debate has been limited to the Western speech communities. This paper tries to reconstruct the process of introduction and circulation in Japan of Fra contadini, a pamphlet written by the Italian anarchist Errico Malatesta, focusing on the first thirty years of the twentieth century. Through the analysis of different periodicals, both Japanese and Europeans, this article will show how the pamphlet changed the Japanese perception of the Italian revolutionist, considering as well the way in which the text was instrumental in the evolution of the local Anarchist debate. The anomalous introduction of the Italian pamphlet in the Japanese context throws new light upon the transnational connections between European and East Asian anarchism, challenging the widely accepted diffusionist model.

scholarly journals Significant East Asian Affinity of the Sichuan Hui Genomic Structure Suggests the Predominance of the Cultural Diffusion Model in the Genetic Formation Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Junbao Yang ◽  
Yingxiang Li ◽  
Renkuan Tang ◽  
Didi Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Cultural Diffusion ◽  
Migration History ◽  
Genome Wide Data ◽  
Muslim Culture

The ancestral origin and genomic history of Chinese Hui people remain to be explored due to the paucity of genome-wide data. Some evidence argues that an eastward migration of Central Asians gave rise to modern Hui people, which is referred to as the demic diffusion hypothesis; other evidence favors the cultural diffusion hypothesis, which posits that East Asians adopted Muslim culture to form the modern culturally distinct populations. However, the extent to which the observed genetic structure of the Huis was mediated by the movement of people or the assimilation of Muslim culture also remains highly contentious. Analyses of over 700 K SNPs in 109 western Chinese individuals (49 Sichuan Huis and 60 geographically close Nanchong Hans) together with the available ancient and modern Eurasian sequences allowed us to fully explore the genomic makeup and origin of Hui and neighboring Han populations. The results from PCA, ADMIXTURE, and allele-sharing-based f-statistics revealed a strong genomic affinity between Sichuan Huis and Neolithic-to-modern Northern East Asians, which suggested a massive gene influx from East Asians into the Sichuan Hui people. Three-way admixture models in the qpWave/qpAdm analyses further revealed a small stream of gene influx from western Eurasians into the Sichuan Hui people, which was further directly confirmed via the admixture event from the temporally distinct Western sources to Sichuan Hui people in the qpGraph-based phylogenetic model, suggesting the key role of the cultural diffusion model in the genetic formation of the Sichuan Huis. ALDER-based admixture date estimation showed that this observed western Eurasian admixture signal was introduced into the Sichuan Huis during the historic periods, which was concordant with the extensive western–eastern communication along the Silk Road and historically documented Huis' migration history. In summary, although significant cultural differentiation exists between Hui people and their neighbors, our genomic analysis showed their strong genetic affinity with modern and ancient Northern East Asians. Our results support the hypothesis that the Sichuan Huis arose from a mixture of minor western Eurasian ancestry and predominant East Asian ancestry.

Human-Factors Design for Public Information Technology

2008 ◽  
pp. 650-661
Author(s):  
Vincent E. Lasnik
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Knowledge Age ◽  
Design Function ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Research

This chapter examines the realm of human-factors design for public information technology in the rapidly evolving postmodern knowledge age of the 21st century, with special focus on how new research and development into human cognition, perception, and performance capabilities is changing the design function for IT systems and products. Many “one size fits all” IT designs are neither adaptive nor adaptable—promulgating a top-down technological imperialism penetrating every aspect of their use. The communication, collaboration, and interaction infrastructure of IT organizations thus remains acutely challenged with enduring problems of usability, learnability, accessibility, and adaptability. As the function and form of products undergo increasingly rigorous scrutiny, one important design goal is emerging as a paramount priority: improving the usability of products, tools, and systems for all stakeholders across the enterprise. It is therefore important to briefly describe emerging human-factor design knowledge and practices applicable to organizations that invent, incubate, innovate, prototype, and drive the creation and application of public IT. The findings here suggest the most effective strategies to manage and augment user-centered design (UCD) endeavors across a wide array of public IT products and organizations.

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