scholarly journals Voltage regulation and power losses reduction in a wind farm integrated MV distribution network

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghaeth Fandi ◽  
Famous Omar Igbinovia ◽  
Josef Tlusty ◽  
Rateb Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Power Electronics ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Medium Voltage

Abstract A medium-voltage (MV) wind production system is proposed in this paper. The system applies a medium-voltage permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) as well as MV interconnection and distribution networks. The simulation scheme of an existing commercial electric-power system (Case A) and a proposed wind farm with a gearless PMSG insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power electronics converter scheme (Case B) is compared. The analyses carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment shows an enhanced voltage profile and reduced power losses, thus, efficiency in installed IGBT power electronics devices in the wind farm. The resulting wind energy transformation scheme is a simple and controllable medium voltage application since it is not restrained by the IGBT power electronics voltage source converter (VSC) arrangement. Active and reactive power control is made possible with the aid of the gearless PMSG IGBT power converters.

A Procedure of Drawing up Integral Indicators for Comprehensively Estimating the Properties of Electric Power System Nodes

Vestnik MEI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Nailia Sh. Chemborisova ◽  
◽  
Ivan D. Chernenkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Reactive Power Compensation ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Active Power Losses ◽  
System Nodes

The problem of selecting the electric power system control nodes is studied. By performing control of these modes, matters concerned with providing reliable power supply of the required quality to consumers can be settled in the most efficient manner. As an example, a fragment of the electric power system mathematical model used in the Finist mode-setting simulator for a power system dispatch control center operator is considered, which represents a highly branched electrical network consisting of eleven 110 kV nodes, three 220 kV nodes connected with the system, and two generator nodes. A new procedure for selecting the control nodes is proposed, which takes into account a combination of different indicators having different measurement units, dimensions and scales is proposed. These indicators characterize the following properties of power system nodes: the reactive power fraction absorbed at a node, the sensitivity of voltage to reactive load variations, the number of connected power lines, and statistical indicators characterizing the change of voltage at the nodes and reactive power flows for different options of installing the reactive power compensation devices. For combined use of these indicators, they were ranked according to the efficiency of installing reactive power compensation devices in the system. For each indicator, a scale of five ranks (intervals) is set, which determine the preferences (qualitative judgments) of the researcher in evaluating the reactive power compensation devices installation efficiency at the system nodes. The highest rank (5) corresponds to the maximum efficiency, and the lowest rank (1) corresponds to the minimum efficiency. To calculate the individual (integral) priority indicator of installing reactive power compensation devices, the ranks of indicators are added together, and their sum is divided by the product of the number of ranks by the number of the used indicators (features). Based on the calculation results, the rating (location) of each node is determined, and the nodes for installing the reactive power compensation devices are selected according to their effect on ensuring the electric power system operation reliability, active power losses in the network, and voltage regulation. Thus, a new procedure is presented for determining the integral indicators for comprehensively estimating the properties of complex electric power system nodes and selecting the controlled nodes using a system of various indicators. These indicators characterize the studied nodes in terms of the efficiency of installing reactive power compensation devices to reduce active power losses in the network, voltage regulation, and ensuring the electric power system operational reliability. The validity of the results obtained in the study is confirmed by their comparison with the indicators of the balance-conductivity method, which has proven itself in solving problems connected with determining the nodes for controlling electric power system operation modes.

Optimal Allocation of Different Types of DG Sources Considering the Impact on Power Losses and Voltage in Distribution Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 2441-2446
Author(s):  
Xiao Ping Zhang ◽  
Xu Dong Song ◽  
Nan Hua Yu ◽  
Jong Cong Chen ◽  
Lei Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

As the distribution energies are becoming the future trend to solve the tense fossil fuel supplying and environmental issues, further research on the management of DGs connected to system is necessary. Management of reactive power resources is vital for stable and secure operation of power systems in power losses and voltage quality. Base on this, an optimal power allocation strategy of different types of DG units which result in the minimum line losses and relatively good voltage profile is proposed in this paper.

scholarly journals Linear Sensitivity Modelling Useful for Voltage Control Analysis Using Power Injections from DER

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4749
Author(s):  
Ulises D. Lubo-Matallana ◽  
Miguel Ángel Zorrozua ◽  
José Félix Miñambres
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
System Response ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Reactive Compensation ◽  
And Control

The injection of apparent power to self-consumption buses generates voltage variations during network operation, which, when properly monitored, could support voltage regulation and control. In this paper, we propose a linear sensitivity modelling, quite useful for studies of voltage regulation with distributed energy resources (DER). This modelling consists of two analytical improvement steps: first, a full formulation for the voltage deviations, and second, the influence of line capacitance as Q-injections at the points of common couplings (PCCs). Our proposal is based on the linear topological sensitivity of an existing network (as a function of the line parameters X, R, and Bc), branch power flow (active–reactive power (P-Q)), and power injections at the PCCs. Here, the linear sensitivity algorithm is applied to a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system to demonstrate its extended effectiveness to voltage monitoring and control scenarios. Its application estimates and compensates in a better way the voltage deviations with regard to the operating desired voltage (|V|op) constraints, using distributed power injections at the PCCs. Numerical results always showed a curtailment of the relative error against common simplifications of the electrical modelling in steady-state, thus simulating two critical scenarios of operation production–consumption for the existing system response. The proposed algorithm was validated considering as reference the voltage profile outputs of the load flow analysis, using the Newton–Raphson method via DIgSILENT, in terms of its accuracy, silhouette shape along the feeder and with regard to the application of reactive compensation as an analytical case study for voltage improvement in active distribution networks.

scholarly journals Investigating the application of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) for mitigating power transmission line losses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Adebiyi Abayomi Aduragba
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Test System ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Static Synchronous Compensator ◽  
The Impact

Voltage instability and increased power loss on transmission lines are major challenges in power transmission due to ever increasing load growth. This work investigates the effect of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) to mitigate power losses and enhance the voltage stability of a transmission system. STATCOM, a shunt-connected power electronic device, operate as a Voltage Source Converter (VSC) to improve power transfer capacity of transmission lines by injecting a set of three-phase balanced sinusoidal current with controllable magnitude and phase angle into the transmission lines to regulate the line voltage and compensate for reactive power at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). To validate the capacity of STATCOM in this light, a modified model of IEEE 14 bus test system was simulated using DIgSILENT PowerFactory v15. Four different load profiles were included by increasing the base load in a step of 10%. In each case, power flow was run with and without STATCOM incorporated in the network with a view to determine the impact of STATCOM on bus voltage and transmission line losses. The simulation results are obtained were recorded and analyzed. It is noted that there was sufficient improvement in the new voltage profile obtained for the weak buses of the system, the active and reactive power losses were mitigated by 17.73% and 24.80% respectively when STATCOM was incorporated at normal load. The results showed that STATCOM could give quick voltage support to reduce the likelihood of voltage collapse and mitigate power losses along the transmission lines. Reduction of reactive power losses along the lines is higher than the active power losses resulting in the improvement of the voltage profile as the device is connected to the system.

scholarly journals Utilization of Active Distribution Network Elements for Optimization of a Distribution Network Operation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3494
Author(s):  
Nevena Srećković ◽  
Miran Rošer ◽  
Gorazd Štumberger
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Active Elements ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
Network Operations

Electricity Distributions Networks (DNs) are changing from a once passive to an active electric power system element. This change, driven by several European Commission Directives and Regulations in the energy sector prompts the proliferated integration of new network elements, which can actively participate in network operations if adequately utilized. This paper addresses the possibility of using these active DN elements for optimization of a time-discrete network operation in terms of minimization of power losses while ensuring other operational constraints (i.e., voltage profiles and line currents). The active elements considered within the proposed optimization procedure are distributed generation units, capable of reactive power provision; remotely controlled switches for changing the network configuration; and an on-load tap changer-equipped substation, supplying the network. The proposed procedure was tested on a model of an actual medium voltage DN. The results showed that simultaneous consideration of these active elements could reduce power losses at a considered point of operation while keeping the voltage profiles within the permitted interval. Furthermore, by performing a series of consecutive optimization procedures at a given time interval, an optimization of network operations for extended periods (e.g., days, months, or years) could also be achieved.

scholarly journals Stochastic Analysis-Based Volt–Var Curve of Smart Inverters for Combined Voltage Regulation in Distribution Networks

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2785
Author(s):  
Dongwon Lee ◽  
Changhee Han ◽  
Gilsoo Jang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Voltage Control ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Smart Inverters

The proliferation of renewable energy resources (RES), especially solar photovoltaic (PV) generation resources, causes overvoltage and line overloading in distribution networks. This study proposes a two-level volt–var control method based on multiple timescales. The on-load tap changer (OLTC) operates on an hourly timescale, to regulate the voltage on the secondary winding. In the 15-minutes timescale, PV-connected smart inverters and static var compensators (SVCs) are obliged to compensate the reactive power for the voltage control at the point of common coupling. In the multi-timescale voltage control framework, this study proposes a new multi-sectional volt–var curve (MSVVC) of a PV inverter. The objective of the MSVVC is to minimize the energy loss in the network, improve the voltage profile, and obtain the operational margin of other reactive power compensation devices. In the process of determining the optimal parameters of the MSVVC, stochastic modeling-based load flow analysis is utilized to consider the intermittency and uncertainty of RES generation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on the IEEE 33-bus system in comparison with the conventional volt–var curve cases.

scholarly journals Contribution of Voltage Support Function to Virtual Inertia Control Performance of Inverter-Based Resource in Frequency Stability

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4220
Author(s):  
Dai Orihara ◽  
Hiroshi Kikusato ◽  
Jun Hashimoto ◽  
Kenji Otani ◽  
Takahiro Takamatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Voltage Control ◽  
Frequency Stability ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Virtual Inertia

Inertia reduction due to inverter-based resource (IBR) penetration deteriorates power system stability, which can be addressed using virtual inertia (VI) control. There are two types of implementation methods for VI control: grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM). There is an apparent difference among them for the voltage regulation capability, because the GFM controls IBR to act as a voltage source and GFL controls it to act as a current source. The difference affects the performance of the VI control function, because stable voltage conditions help the inertial response to contribute to system stability. However, GFL can provide the voltage control function with reactive power controllability, and it can be activated simultaneously with the VI control function. This study analyzes the performance of GFL-type VI control with a voltage control function for frequency stability improvement. The results show that the voltage control function decreases the voltage variation caused by the fault, improving the responsivity of the VI function. In addition, it is found that the voltage control is effective in suppressing the power swing among synchronous generators. The clarification of the contribution of the voltage control function to the performance of the VI control is novelty of this paper.

scholarly journals Using Energy Storage Inverters of Prosumer Installations for Voltage Control in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Rozmysław Mieński ◽  
Przemysław Urbanek ◽  
Irena Wasiak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Total Power

The paper includes the analysis of the operation of low-voltage prosumer installation consisting of receivers and electricity sources and equipped with a 3-phase energy storage system. The aim of the storage application is the management of active power within the installation to decrease the total power exchanged with the supplying network and thus reduce energy costs borne by the prosumer. A solution for the effective implementation of the storage system is presented. Apart from the active power management performed according to the prosumer’s needs, the storage inverter provides the ancillary service of voltage regulation in the network according to the requirements of the network operator. A control strategy involving algorithms for voltage regulation without prejudice to the prosumer’s interest is described in the paper. Reactive power is used first as a control signal and if the required voltage effect cannot be reached, then the active power in the controlled phase is additionally changed and the Energy Storage System (ESS) loading is redistributed in phases in such a way that the total active power set by the prosumer program remains unchanged. The efficiency of the control strategy was tested by means of a simulation model in the PSCAD/EMTDC program. The results of the simulations are presented.

scholarly journals A GaN-HEMT Compact Model Including Dynamic RDSon Effect for Power Electronics Converters

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2092
Author(s):  
Ke Li ◽  
Paul Leonard Evans ◽  
Christopher Mark Johnson ◽  
Arnaud Videt ◽  
Nadir Idir
Keyword(s):  
Power Electronics ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Order Reduction ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Compact Model ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Gan Hemt ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Power Electronics Converters

In order to model GaN-HEMT switching transients and determine power losses, a compact model including dynamic RDSon effect is proposed herein. The model includes mathematical equations to represent device static and capacitance-voltage characteristics, and a behavioural voltage source, which includes multiple RC units to represent different time constants for trapping and detrapping effect from 100 ns to 100 s range. All the required parameters in the model can be obtained by fitting method using a datasheet or experimental characterisation results. The model is then implemented into our developed virtual prototyping software, where the device compact model is co-simulated with a parasitic inductance physical model to obtain the switching waveform. As model order reduction is applied in our software to resolve physical model, the device switching current and voltage waveform can be obtained in the range of minutes. By comparison with experimental measurements, the model is validated to accurately represent device switching transients as well as their spectrum in frequency domain until 100 MHz. In terms of dynamic RDSon value, the mismatch between the model and experimental results is within 10% under different power converter operation conditions in terms of switching frequencies and duty cycles, so designers can use this model to accurately obtain GaN-HEMT power losses due to trapping and detrapping effects for power electronics converters.

Adaptive SRF-PLL Based Voltage and Frequency Control of Hybrid Standalone WECS with PMSG-BESS

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Jain ◽  
R. Saravanakumar ◽  
S. Shankar ◽  
V. Vanitha
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Control Scheme

Abstract The variable-speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) attracts the maximum power from wind, but voltage-regulation and frequency-control of the system in standalone operation is a challenging task A modern-control-based-tracking of power from wind for its best utilization is proposed in this paper for standalone PMSG based hybrid-WECS comprising Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). An Adaptive Synchronous Reference Frame Phase-Locked-Loop (SRF-PLL) based control scheme for load side bi-directional voltage source converter (VSC) is presented for the system. MATLAB/Simulink model is developed for simulation study for the proposed system and the effectiveness of the controller for bi-directional-converter is discussed under different operating conditions: like variable wind-velocity, sudden load variation, and load unbalancing. Converter control scheme enhances the power smoothening, supply-load power-matching. Also it is able to regulate the active & reactive power from PMSG-BESS hybrid system with control of fluctuations in voltage & frequency with respect to varying operating conditions. Proposed controller successfully offers reactive-power-compensation, harmonics-reduction, and power-balancing. The proposed scheme is based on proportional & integral (PI) controller. Also system is experimentally validated in the laboratory-environment and results are presented here.

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