scholarly journals Linear Sensitivity Modelling Useful for Voltage Control Analysis Using Power Injections from DER

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4749
Author(s):  
Ulises D. Lubo-Matallana ◽  
Miguel Ángel Zorrozua ◽  
José Félix Miñambres
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
System Response ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Reactive Compensation ◽  
And Control

The injection of apparent power to self-consumption buses generates voltage variations during network operation, which, when properly monitored, could support voltage regulation and control. In this paper, we propose a linear sensitivity modelling, quite useful for studies of voltage regulation with distributed energy resources (DER). This modelling consists of two analytical improvement steps: first, a full formulation for the voltage deviations, and second, the influence of line capacitance as Q-injections at the points of common couplings (PCCs). Our proposal is based on the linear topological sensitivity of an existing network (as a function of the line parameters X, R, and Bc), branch power flow (active–reactive power (P-Q)), and power injections at the PCCs. Here, the linear sensitivity algorithm is applied to a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system to demonstrate its extended effectiveness to voltage monitoring and control scenarios. Its application estimates and compensates in a better way the voltage deviations with regard to the operating desired voltage (|V|op) constraints, using distributed power injections at the PCCs. Numerical results always showed a curtailment of the relative error against common simplifications of the electrical modelling in steady-state, thus simulating two critical scenarios of operation production–consumption for the existing system response. The proposed algorithm was validated considering as reference the voltage profile outputs of the load flow analysis, using the Newton–Raphson method via DIgSILENT, in terms of its accuracy, silhouette shape along the feeder and with regard to the application of reactive compensation as an analytical case study for voltage improvement in active distribution networks.

scholarly journals Optimal Allocation of Capacitor Bank for Loss Minimization and Voltage Improvement Using Analytical Method

SCITECH Nepal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Avinash Khatri KC ◽  
Tika Ram Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Capacitor Bank ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Voltage Profile

An electric distribution system plays an important role in achieving satisfactory power supply. The quality of power is measured by voltage stability and profile of voltage. The voltage profile is affected by the losses in distribution system. As the load is mostly inductive on the distribution system and requires large reactive power, most of the power quality problems can be resolved with requisite control of reactive power. Capacitors are often installed in distribution system for reactive power compensation. This paper presents two stage procedures to identify the location and size of capacitor bank. In the first stage, the load flow is carried out to find the losses of the system using sweep algorithm. In the next stage, different size of capacitors are initialized and placed in each possible candidate bus and again load flow for the system is carried out. The objective function of the cost incorporating capacitor cost and loss cost is formulated constrained with voltage limits. The capacitor with the minimum cost is selected as the optimized solution. The proposed procedure is applied to different standard test systems as 12-bus radial distribution systems. In addition, the proposed procedure is applied on a real distribution system, a section of Sallaghari Feeder of Thimi substation. The voltage drops and power loss before and after installing the capacitor were compared for the system under test in this work. The result showed better voltage profiles and power losses of the distribution system can be improved by using the proposed method and it can be a benefit to the distribution networks.

scholarly journals Stochastic Analysis-Based Volt–Var Curve of Smart Inverters for Combined Voltage Regulation in Distribution Networks

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2785
Author(s):  
Dongwon Lee ◽  
Changhee Han ◽  
Gilsoo Jang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Voltage Control ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Smart Inverters

The proliferation of renewable energy resources (RES), especially solar photovoltaic (PV) generation resources, causes overvoltage and line overloading in distribution networks. This study proposes a two-level volt–var control method based on multiple timescales. The on-load tap changer (OLTC) operates on an hourly timescale, to regulate the voltage on the secondary winding. In the 15-minutes timescale, PV-connected smart inverters and static var compensators (SVCs) are obliged to compensate the reactive power for the voltage control at the point of common coupling. In the multi-timescale voltage control framework, this study proposes a new multi-sectional volt–var curve (MSVVC) of a PV inverter. The objective of the MSVVC is to minimize the energy loss in the network, improve the voltage profile, and obtain the operational margin of other reactive power compensation devices. In the process of determining the optimal parameters of the MSVVC, stochastic modeling-based load flow analysis is utilized to consider the intermittency and uncertainty of RES generation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on the IEEE 33-bus system in comparison with the conventional volt–var curve cases.

scholarly journals Energy Loss Minimization by Optimal Siting and Sizing of DG with Network Reconfiguration in Distribution Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3621-3625
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Network Reconfiguration ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Loss Minimization ◽  
Power Loss Reduction

The main aim of the distribution system is delivery the power to the consumers. Because of, aging of electrical infrastructure, old control mechanism, increased power demand causing exploitation of the present electrical networks leads to low voltage profile, more active and reactive power loss with various power quality related issues causing poor network operation. In this method maximization of voltage profile with energy loss minimization is carried using network reconfiguration along with optimal siting of the distributed generation (DG). The proposed methodology is carried out on five bus system. The obtained results are impressive interms of voltage stability and power loss reduction.

scholarly journals Penetration effects of various kinds of distributed generation systems on the distribution system

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 596-600
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Radial Distribution System ◽  
Real Power

Distributed generation system penetration in the existing distribution system is done for minimizing the losses and improving the voltage profile. There are total five types of distributed generation systems exist based on their power delivery like distributed generation system injecting real and reactive power, supplying real power only, supplying reactive power only, absorbing reactive power only , supplying real power and absorbing reactive power. All these five types of distributed generation systems have different penetration effects on the radial distribution system. We get different voltage profiles and power losses for different types of distributed generation systems. The testing of these five types of distributed generation systems will be done on IEEE 33 bus radial distribution system. For computing, the line parameters and power losses of the above testing system the forward-backward sweep load flow method will be applied

scholarly journals A Direct Method for Distribution System Load Flow Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S3) ◽  
pp. 749-753
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Jacobian Matrix ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Distribution Automation ◽  
Voltage Profile

Load flow or power flow studies are plays vital role in power system operation and control. These load flows are used to find voltage profile, power flow and losses etc. at each and every buses and branches. Traditional LU decomposition and forward-backward methods are consuming more time to run load flows due to Jacobian matrix. The proposed solution A direct approach method for distribution load flow solutions does not required any Jacobian matrix to load flow solution, hence this solution is time efficient and robust. Using special properties of distribution networks two simple matrices are formed. One is bus injection to branch current and other branch current to bus voltage matrix, by multiplying these two matrices to obtain required load flow solution.Test results gives the clear picture about this method. This method having grate capacity touse in unbalanced multiphase distribution automation applications, mostly on very large distribution systems. This project tested with the input data of 15 bus and 33 bus radial distribution system and also a 9 bus system data which includes Distribution Generation.

scholarly journals Voltage regulation and power losses reduction in a wind farm integrated MV distribution network

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghaeth Fandi ◽  
Famous Omar Igbinovia ◽  
Josef Tlusty ◽  
Rateb Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Power Electronics ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Medium Voltage

Abstract A medium-voltage (MV) wind production system is proposed in this paper. The system applies a medium-voltage permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) as well as MV interconnection and distribution networks. The simulation scheme of an existing commercial electric-power system (Case A) and a proposed wind farm with a gearless PMSG insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power electronics converter scheme (Case B) is compared. The analyses carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment shows an enhanced voltage profile and reduced power losses, thus, efficiency in installed IGBT power electronics devices in the wind farm. The resulting wind energy transformation scheme is a simple and controllable medium voltage application since it is not restrained by the IGBT power electronics voltage source converter (VSC) arrangement. Active and reactive power control is made possible with the aid of the gearless PMSG IGBT power converters.

Distribution System Voltage Regulation with Distributed Generation Based on VQC and SVC

2013 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Jia Ming Li ◽  
Duo Xu ◽  
Ru Yu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Reactive Power Flow ◽  
Regulation Method ◽  
Typical Distribution

The distributed generation (DG) may lead to a great impact on the reactive power flow, feeder voltage profile and the means of voltage regulation when integrated into a typical distribution system. Therefore, there is possibility that the customers voltage violate the permissible limits. In order to regulate the voltage of the distribution system with DG, local voltage and reactive power control (VQC) based on fuzzy control theory is adopted in substation and the Static Var Compensator (SVC) is installed in the appropriate node in this paper, and the fuzzy controller of VQC has been designed at the same time. A simplified model of a real 10kV radial distribution system has been simulated in MATLAB to illustrate the use of the voltage regulation method, and the simulation results show that the proposed method can regulate the line voltage of distribution system with DG within the regulated voltage ranges.

scholarly journals A Comparison of DER Voltage Regulation Technologies Using Real-Time Simulations

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Summers ◽  
Jay Johnson ◽  
Rachid Darbali-Zamora ◽  
Clifford Hansen ◽  
Jithendar Anandan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Global Optimum ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Grid Operators ◽  
Real Time Simulations

Grid operators are now considering using distributed energy resources (DERs) to provide distribution voltage regulation rather than installing costly voltage regulation hardware. DER devices include multiple adjustable reactive power control functions, so grid operators have the difficult decision of selecting the best operating mode and settings for the DER. In this work, we develop a novel state estimation-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) for distribution voltage regulation using DER-reactive power setpoints and establish a methodology to validate and compare it against alternative DER control technologies (volt–VAR (VV), extremum seeking control (ESC)) in increasingly higher fidelity environments. Distribution system real-time simulations with virtualized and power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL)-interfaced DER equipment were run to evaluate the implementations and select the best voltage regulation technique. Each method improved the distribution system voltage profile; VV did not reach the global optimum but the PSO and ESC methods optimized the reactive power contributions of multiple DER devices to approach the optimal solution.

scholarly journals Loss Minimization in Distribution Network using Wind Power Plant Reactive Power Support

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aeishwarya Baviskar ◽  
Kaushik Das ◽  
Anca Daniela Hansen ◽  
Panos Menegatos
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Network Losses ◽  
Optimization Methodology

<div>The increased penetration of wind power plants (WPPs) in distribution networks challenges the distribution system operators (DSOs) to improve and optimize networks’ operation. A higher amount of local power production translates to more losses in the network. This paper proposes a deterministic optimization methodology to minimize the losses in distribution networks with WPPs, by exploiting WPPs’ capability to control reactive power in coordination with the on-load tap changers from the MV/HV transformer, avoiding the need for network reinforcements. The principal objective is to optimize the reactive power flow in the network. Measurements from a real distribution network with a large share of controllable WPPs under varying wind and load conditions are used for the study. The benefits and the challenges of the optimization methodology are assessed and discussed with respect to active power losses, voltage profile and reactive power. The results show that with reactive power support from WPPs, network losses are reduced by 4.2 %. Higher loss reductions (up to 19 %) can be achieved through a coordinated action between the WPPs and TSO. Furthermore, it is shown that the distribution network can act as an asset to the transmission network for reactive power support, via actively controlling WPP’s reactive power.</div>

scholarly journals Allocation of PV unit in Distribution Network using Analytical Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1200-1207
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Distributed Generator ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Selection Of

Inappropriate selection of location and corresponding size of Distributed Generator (DGs) in electrical network may have increased power losses in the system. Application of incorporating DG in system has eased the problem of high power losses, voltage stability, low reliability and poor power quality. This paper suggests a simple and efficient load flow technique known as direct load flow method to find the optimal allocation of Type-3 DG in the distribution system. The presented method was developed and tested in two distribution networks with varying size and complexities and the effect of size and location of DG with respect to real power losses while maintaining the voltage profile of system within limits is examined with verification and discussed in detail.

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