scholarly journals Who Will Stay, Who Will Leave: Decision-Making of Residents Living in Potential Hurricane Impact Areas During a Hypothetical Hurricane Event in the Rio Grande Valley

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Kyne ◽  
Arlett Sophia Lomeli ◽  
William Donner ◽  
Erika Zuloaga
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Rio Grande Valley ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Hurricane Evacuation ◽  
Safe Place ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

Abstract The Rio Grande Valley (RGV) has been impacted by various hurricanes throughout history. While Hurricane evacuation has been studied extensively in other contexts, there is limited systematic research on the warning and response to a large-scale severe weather event in South Texas. This study attempts to understand the evacuation decision-making behavior of Southern residents in the event of a Hurricane making landfall over the Rio Grande Valley. The study uses an online survey questionnaire with 1060 participants: 275 students attending the University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley and the remaining 785 are members of the community. Throughout the course of the study, information was gathered about selected elements: demographic characteristics, living conditions, the following and awareness of authority recommendations, decision maker roles, reasons for not wanting to leave a disaster-prone area facing an emergency, perception of a safe place, and expected help from both, governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) during evacuation that could impact residents’ evacuation decision. Findings reveal there are a number of individuals who will remain in their place of residence, even in the deadliest of hurricane Category 5. The study provides complex factors influencing the nature of evacuation decision-making of individuals who are Hispanics living in a unique geographical location of RGV.

The use of remote sensing data to extract information from agricultural land with emphasis on soil salinity

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Howari
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rio Grande Valley ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Matching Techniques

The rapid growth of information technologies has provided exciting new sources of data, interpretation tools, and modelling techniques to soil research and education communities at all levels. This paper presents some examples of the capability of remote sensing data such as Landsat ETM+, airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS), colour infrared aerial photos (CIR), and high-resolution field spectroradiometer (GER 3700) to extract surface information about soil salinity. The study used image processing techniques such as supervised classification, spectral extraction, and matching techniques to investigate types and occurrences of salts in the Rio Grande Valley on the United States–Mexico border. Soil salinity groups were established using soil physico-chemical properties and image elements (absorption-reflectivity profiles, band combinations, grey tones of the investigated images, and textures of soil and vegetation covers as they appear in images). The lack of vegetation or scattered vegetation on salt-affected soil (SAS) surfaces makes it possible to detect salt in several locations of the investigated area. The presented remote sensing datasets reveal the presence of gypsum and halite as the dominant salt crusts in the Rio Grande Valley. This information can help agricultural scientists and engineers to produce large-scale maps of salt-affected lands, which will help improve salinity management in watersheds and ecosystems.

IT Security Investment Decision by New Zealand Owner-Managers

2020 ◽  
pp. 217-233
Author(s):  
Radiah Othman ◽  
Sydney Kanda
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Small Business Owners ◽  
It Security ◽  
Security Investment

Small businesses employ 29% of New Zealand's private sector workforce and account for more than a quarter of its gross domestic product. Thus, a large-scale attack on small businesses could prove to be catastrophic to the economy. This chapter, which is framed by the protection motivation theory, explores 80 small business owners' IT security decision-making via an online survey. The findings revealed that 21% of small businesses were affected by ransomware. Fifty-one percent of the respondents did not have any anti-malware and none of the respondents used data classification, which means all information was regarded as the same. Since they managed to recover their backup information, they did not perceive the threat of ransomware as imminent. In terms of coping appraisal, it is assumed that if the business owner-managers believe that the capability of IT security investment averts threats in their organizations, they will be more inclined to develop an intention to invest in it.

scholarly journals Ready for SDM: evaluating a train-the-trainer program to facilitate implementation of SDM training in Norway

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Kienlin ◽  
Marie-Eve Poitras ◽  
Dawn Stacey ◽  
Kari Nytrøen ◽  
Jürgen Kasper
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Train The Trainer ◽  
Interprofessional Healthcare ◽  
Basic Course

Abstract Background Healthcare providers need training to implement shared decision making (SDM). In Norway, we developed “Ready for SDM”, a comprehensive SDM curriculum tailored to various healthcare providers, settings, and competence levels, including a course targeting interprofessional healthcare teams. The overall aim was to evaluate a train-the-trainer (TTT) program for healthcare providers wanting to offer this course within their hospital trust. Methods Our observational descriptive design was informed by Kirkpatrick´s Model of Educational Outcomes. The South-Eastern Regional Health Authority invited healthcare providers from all health trusts in its jurisdiction to attend. The TTT consisted of a one-day basic course with lectures on SDM, exercises and group reflections followed by a two-day advanced course including an SDM observer training. Immediately after each of the two courses, reaction and learning (Kirkpatrick levels 1 and 2) were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. After the advanced course, observer skills were operationalized as accuracy of the participants’ assessment of a consultation compared to an expert assessment. Within three months post-training, we measured number of trainings conducted and number of healthcare providers trained (Kirkpatrick level 3) using an online survey. Qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis were performed. Results Twenty-one out of 24 (basic) and 19 out of 22 (advanced) healthcare providers in 9 health trusts consented to participate. The basic course was evaluated as highly acceptable, the advanced course as complex and challenging. Participants identified a need for more training in pedagogical skills and support for planning implementation of SDM-training. Participants achieved high knowledge scores and were positive about being an SDM trainer. Observer skills regarding patient involvement in decision-making were excellent (mean of weighted t = .80). After three months, 67% of TTT participants had conducted more than two trainings each and trained a total of 458 healthcare providers. Conclusion Findings suggest that the TTT is a feasible approach for supporting large-scale training in SDM. Our study informed us about how to improve the advanced course. Further research shall investigate the efficacy of the training in the context of a comprehensive multifaceted strategy for implementing SDM in clinical practice. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered at ISRCTN (99432465) March 25, 2020.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and children with cancer: Parents' experiences, anxieties, and support needs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Darlington ◽  
Jessica E Morgan ◽  
Richard Wagland ◽  
Samantha Sodergren ◽  
David Culliford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Cancer Symptoms ◽  
Safe Place ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Child Hospital ◽  
Parents Experiences

Background Children with cancer were considered to be extremely clinically vulnerable to severe COVID-19 disease if they were to contract SARS-CoV-2 due to immune suppression as a result of anti-cancer treatment. The aim was to explore experiences, information and support needs, and decision-making of parents with a child with cancer in response to the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Methods Parents of a child with cancer completed a survey in April 2020, as the UK moved into a period of "lockdown", with restrictions of movement outside of the home. An online survey was developed to capture parents' experiences, information and support needs, and decision-making, using closed statements and open text boxes. Descriptive quantitative analyses and qualitative thematic content analysis were undertaken. Findings 171 parents/caregivers completed the survey. 85% of parents worried about the virus and the majority of parents were vigilant about virus (92%) or cancer symptoms (93.4%). For two-thirds (69.6%) hospital was no longer considered a safe place. Parents worried about their own health (81.1%) and about the child getting the virus from them (89.1%). Eight overarching themes, related to the virus: 1) risk of infection, 2) information, guidance and advice, 3) health care provision, 4) fears and anxieties; or related to lockdown/isolation: 5) psychological and social impact, 6) keeping safe under lockdown, 7) provisions and dependence, and 8) employment and income. Interpretation This is the first study to report experiences of parents of a child with cancer during the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic. The study demonstrated that the majority of parents are worried about SARS-CoV-2, and worried about transmitting the virus to their child. Hospital was no longer a safe place, and parents were worried about suboptimal cancer care. Parents describe fear and anxiety and the psychological, social and economic impact of isolation as a family.

scholarly journals Organizational Flexibility of Academic Libraries in a Vuca Reality: The Example of the Functioning of Libraries During the Covid-19 Epidemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-93
Author(s):  
Bożena Jaskowska
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Organizational Flexibility ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Unpredictable Environment ◽  
Research Analysis

Thesis / purpose of the article – The aim of the article is to present management solutions used in academic libraries in a changing and unpredictable environment, on the example of the functioning of units during the lockdown period caused by the COVID-19 epidemic, which lasted from March 12 to the beginning of June 2020. Research method – Research was conducted among the directors of Polish academic libraries using an online survey as a research tool. Results and conclusions – The research analysis shows that academic libraries showed considerable organizational flexibility during the lockdown period, especially in terms of changing duties, forming plans “just in time”, extending the scope of services and organizing large-scale remote and rotational work. Some libraries have also changed decision-making processes. This is the first such study of the functioning of academic libraries during the lockdown period.

Would you Make the Right Decision? – Decision Making Biases in Economy - Related Dilemmas

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Gödör ◽  
Georgina Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Framing Effect ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Hungarian Population ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Decision Making Biases

Abstract As they say, money can’t buy happiness. However, the lack of it can make people’s lives much harder. From the moment we open our first bank account, we have to make lots of financial decisions in our life. Should I save some money or should I spend it? Is it a good idea to ask for a loan? How to invest my money? When we make such decisions, unfortunately we sometimes make mistakes, too. In this study, we selected seven common decision making biases - anchoring and adjustment, overconfidence, high optimism, the law of small numbers, framing effect, disposition effect and gambler’s fallacy – and tested them on the Hungarian population via an online survey. In the focus of our study was the question whether the presence of economic knowledge helps people make better decisions? The decision making biases found in literature mostly appeared in the sample as well. It proves that people do apply them when making decisions and in certain cases this could result in serious and costly errors. That’s why it would be absolutely important for people to learn about them, thus increasing their awareness and attention when making decisions. Furthermore, in our research we did find some connection between decisions and the knowledge of economics, people with some knowledge of economics opted for the better solution in bigger proportion

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