A Survey on Next-Generation Mixed Line Rate (MLR) and Energy-Driven Wavelength-Division Multiplexed (WDM) Optical Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Wavelength Assignment ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexed ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Mixed Line ◽  
Mixed Line Rate

AbstractWith the ever-increasing traffic demands, infrastructure of the current 10 Gbps optical network needs to be enhanced. Further, since the energy crisis is gaining increasing concerns, new research topics need to be devised and technological solutions for energy conservation need to be investigated. In all-optical mixed line rate (MLR) network, feasibility of a lightpath is determined by the physical layer impairment (PLI) accumulation. Contrary to PLI-aware routing and wavelength assignment (PLIA-RWA) algorithm applicable for a 10 Gbps wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) network, a new Routing, Wavelength, Modulation format assignment (RWMFA) algorithm is required for the MLR optical network. With the rapid growth of energy consumption in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), recently, lot of attention is being devoted toward “green” ICT solutions. This article presents a review of different RWMFA (PLIA-RWA) algorithms for MLR networks, and surveys the most relevant research activities aimed at minimizing energy consumption in optical networks. In essence, this article presents a comprehensive and timely survey on a growing field of research, as it covers most aspects of MLR and energy-driven optical networks. Hence, the author aims at providing a comprehensive reference for the growing base of researchers who will work on MLR and energy-driven optical networks in the upcoming years. Finally, the article also identifies several open problems for future research.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of OOK, DPSK and Duo-binary Modulation Format based Mixed-Line-Rate (MLR) Optical Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochak Bajpai ◽  
Sujata Sengar ◽  
Sridhar Iyer ◽  
Shree Prakash Singh
Keyword(s):  
Optical Network ◽  
Wdm Networks ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Differential Phase Shift ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexed ◽  
Modulation Format ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
Mixed Line ◽  
Mixed Line Rate

With the steady increase in the heterogeneous Internet traffic, the optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks based on a mixed line rate (MLR) strategy have emerged as an efficient-solution. Also, with the migration from the legacy to the higher line rate(s), the advanced modulation format(s) (MF) is/are required. However, use of appropriate MF(s) for the higher line rate(s) still remains an open problem. In this article, we compare the performance of an On-Off Keying (OOK), Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) and Duo-binary (DB) MF based MLR network in the presence of various physical layer impairment(s) (PLIs) for which, we propose a mathematical model based on various MFs. As a novelty, we validate the proposed theoretical model’s results by comparing them with the results obtained through simulations from OptSim, which has not been conducted in any existing study(s) thus far. Our simulation results show that the DB MF is perfectly suitable for high spectral-efficient MLR systems owing to its high resistance to various PLIs.

Effect of Channel Spacing on the Design of Mixed Line Rate Optical Wavelength Division Multiplexed Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar Iyer ◽  
Shree Prakash Singh
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Wdm Optical Networks ◽  
Channel Spacing ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexed ◽  
Network Cost ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Mixed Line ◽  
Mixed Line Rate

Abstract The ever increasing heterogeneity and growing traffic volume has resulted in significant innovations and paradigm shifts within the telecom backbone networks. In order to cost-effectively respond to the diverse variety of traffic requirements having heterogeneous service demands, wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical networks have adopted the mixed line rate (MLR) strategy. In MLR networks, many wavelength channels with various line rates can co-exist within the same fiber which, however, raises many important design issues; one of them being the choice of the channel spacing. The quality of signal is affected by the channel spacing in terms of the bit-error rate (BER), which in turn affects the maximum optical reach of the lightpaths that depends on the line rates. In regard to the aforementioned, different methods can be adopted in order to set the width of the channel spacing, viz., (a) choice of a 50 GHz uniform fixed channel spacing specified by the ITU-T grid, (b) exploring various channel spacing values for different line rates so as to optimize the usage of the fiber spectrum, or (c) seek for an optimal value of the channel spacing which results in the minimum network cost. In the current work, we evaluate the MLR network cost for various channel spacings; hence, we find an optimal value of the channel spacing that leads to the minimum MLR network cost. The simulation results reveal that, for a MLR network, even with the assumption of uniform channel spacing, optimal values of the channel spacing for a minimum cost network can be identified.

New wavelength assignment schemes for wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Senior ◽  
Michael R. Handley ◽  
Mark S. Leeson ◽  
Andrew J. Phillips ◽  
John Ainscough
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Assignment ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexed

Wavelength Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 68-101
Author(s):  
Calvin C.K. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Network ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexed ◽  
Capacity Data

Wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network has emerged as a promising solution to support a robust and large-scale next generation optical access network. It offers high-capacity data delivery and flexible bandwidth provisioning to all subscribers, so as to meet the ever-increasing bandwidth requirements as well as the quality of service requirements of the next generation broadband access networks. The maturity and reduced cost of the WDM components available in the market are also among the major driving forces to enhance the feasibility and practicality of commercial deployment. In this chapter, the author will provide a comprehensive discussion on the basic principles and network architectures for WDM-PONs, as well as their various enabling technologies. Different feasible approaches to support the two-way transmission will be discussed. It is believed that WDM-PON is an attractive solution to realize fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) applications.

scholarly journals Optimization of Optical Networks Based on CDC-ROADM Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Kozdrowski ◽  
Mateusz Żotkiewicz ◽  
Sławomir Sujecki
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Network Services ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexed ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact

New generation of optical nodes in dense wavelength division multiplexed networks enables operators to improve service flexibility and make significant savings, both in operational and capital expenditures. Thus the main objective of the study is to minimize optical node resources, such as transponders, multiplexers and wavelength selective switches, needed to provide and maintain high quality dense wavelength division multiplexed network services using new generation of optical nodes. A model based on integer programming is proposed, which includes a detailed description of an optical network node. The impact on the network performance of conventional reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexer technology is compared with colorless, directionless and contentionless approaches. The main focus of the presented study is the analysis of the network congestion problem arising in the context of both reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexer technologies. The analysis is supported by results of numerical experiments carried out for realistic networks of different dimensions and traffic demand sets.

scholarly journals Cost Benefit Analysis of Elastic and Mixed Line Rate Optical Network Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhardt Rading
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Bit Rate ◽  
Low Bit Rate ◽  
Mixed Line ◽  
Mixed Line Rate

<div>Network traffic continues to grow at more than 30 percent per year and we either have to install new optical infrastructures or upgrade our optical networks to meet the increasing demands. Installing new fibers seems very costly the network operators considering the heterogeneity of optical networks with some consumers requiring low bit rate and others requiring high bit rate demands. As an alternative, we can use the existing fiber infrastructure to meet the traffic demands by aggregating both high and low bit rate demands or using a single type of rate-tunable technology to handle the increasing demands. This paper analyzes the two planning strategies-all period planning and incremental planning- for allocating resources in an increasing traffic and shows the pros and cons that a network operator may experience in case of using either elastic or mixed line rate optical networks.</div>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document