Adding RFC 4814 Random Port Feature to Siitperf: Design, Implementation and Performance Estimation

Siitperf is the World’s first free software RFC 8219 compliant SIIT (also called stateless NAT64) tester written in C++ using DPDK, which is also suitable for benchmarking IPv4 / IPv6 network interconnect devices in RFC 2544 / RFC 5180 compliant ways. Originally, siitperf followed RFC 2544 Appendix C.2.6.4 test frame format resulting in “hard coded” source and destination UDP port numbers. RFC 4814 Section 4.5 recommended random, uniformly distributed source and destination port numbers, which can make a very significant difference, when the DUT (Device Under Test) has multiple CPU cores, what is very common today. Therefore, adding this feature to siitperf is essential to be able to produce meaningful benchmarking results. In this paper, we disclose the design, implementation and performance estimation of this extension of siitperf.

Gaming with the Throughput and the Latency Benchmarking Measurement Procedures of RFC 2544

In this paper, we investigate three potential issues of the benchmarking measurement procedures defined in RFC 2544 and also used in RFC 5180 and RFC 8219. One of them is the lack of proper timeout usage. We use a Linux box, which can selectively delay a specified ratio of the packets. Using carefully selected parameters based on our preliminary measurements, we demonstrate that the experienced speed of the HTTP download is much less, than what could have been expected on the basis of the throughput results of the RFC 2544 tests. The other critical issue is the strict, absolutely zero loss criterion. We use a Linux box, which drops a specified small ratio of the packets. Whereas the RFC 2544 throughput results tend to be zero, the experienced speed of the HTTP download is quite good. The third problem is the lack of requirement for statistically relevant number of tests in the RFC 2544 benchmarking procedures. We demonstrate its severity with the latency benchmarking procedure defined in RFC 2544 and kept unchanged in RFC 5180 but redefined in RFC 8219.

Co-Engineering Gap Analysis of ANSI/ISA‑62443‑3‑3

Nowadays, software and system development is a more complex process than ever was and it faces challenges, where security became one of the most crucial. Based upon co-engineering in the AQUAS project, complex standards covering development processes regarding safety, but performance and security are missing. In the paper, the representative standard for Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS) is selected for gap analysis, both as examples of issues in co-engineering in security and performance, and possibly for evolution and extension in security standards. For IACS, the ANSI/ISA 62443 defines procedures for implementing security requirements. Based upon co-engineering in the AQUAS project and experience from the real implementation of security by TrustPort practitioners of this domain, the paper introduces the 62443 standard gaps analysis with the goal to identify the missing part. Based on this analysis, the possible recommendations for extending 62443-3-3 are proposed.

P300 characterization using empirical mode decomposition

As the communication between brain and computer becomes more accessible the extraction of important features of electrophysiological signals is an essential step in artificial communication systems. This paper proposes the usage of the Empirical Mode Decomposition to identify characteristics of the P300 signal and classify target and non-target signals using a feedforward neural network. The results show that through the usage of EMD method it is possible to identify the P300 signal using low volume of data.

Identification of Linear Time Invariant Systems Using FMCW Signals and Stretch Processing Receivers

The paper deals with the identification of linear time invariant (LTI) systems by a special observer. An observer emitting an frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signal and having a stretch processor as receiver will be considered for system identification. A thorough derivation of the gathered baseband signal for arbitrary LTI systems will be given. It is shown, that the received signal is approximately given by the transfer function of the LTI system over the frequency sweep of the FMCW signal. The proof relies on an infinite large time-bandwidth product of the transmit signal, such that errors remain in practical applications with a finite time-bandwidth product. Monte–Carlo simulations are conducted to verify the approximation and to quantify its accuracy and remaining errors. The findings are important for e.g. calibration or derivation of a device model in FMCW radar applications.

Higher Control Scheme Using Neural Second Order Sliding Mode and ANFIS-SVM strategy for a DFIG-Based Wind Turbine

In this paper, we propose an advanced control scheme using neural second order sliding mode (NSOSMC) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system space vector modulation (ANFIS-SVM) strategy for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) integrated into a wind turbine system (WTS). The used hybrid control system composed of artificial intelligence techniques and second-order sliding mode applied to ensure better powers performances provided by the WTS. The obtained simulation results showed that the proposed control structure has active and reactive powers with low ripples and low stator current harmonic distortion.

Evaluation of Simultaneous Speech Detection Based on MFCC-DTW with Two-Stage Normalization

In Air Traffic Control a serious safety risk is represented by undetected simultaneous transmissions from different airplanes. In this paper, we approach this issue through a speech analysis algorithm, which combines traditional Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients extraction, a new two-stage normalization and widely used Dynamic Time Warping. In this way, we were able to extend the simultaneous speech detection capability in Voice Communication Systems of Air Traffic Control. The results prove that this implementation is suitable for practical applications.

Performance Analysis of Translucent Space Division Multiplexing Based Elastic Optical Networks

The required upgradation of the network capacity of the single-mode fiber which is constrained by the non-linear Shannon’s limit, and the capacity provisioning needed by the future diverse Internet traffic can be resolved by the adoption of the Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) based Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) (SDM-b-EONs). In the current work, we focus on the performance analysis of a SDM-b-EON in which translucent lightpaths are routed through the spectral super-channels over the spatial single-mode fiber(s) bundle(s) links. In regard to regeneration, we investigate three scenarios which differ in their regeneration variability level in addition to the adjustment of modulation formats according to transmission route characteristics. We conduct extensive simulations considering an online traffic case and two realistic network topologies with different numbers of (i) fibers in every link, and (ii) transceivers available within SDM-b-EON. The obtained results demonstrate that when regeneration is conducted with complete flexibility and simultaneously the modulation format conversion is also permitted at every SDM-b-EON node both, largest traffic volume amounts can be provisioned, and significant SDM-b-EON performance scaling can be obtained with a corresponding increase in the utilized fibers amount.

Measurement of Relative Position of Camera and Optical Beacon by Simultaneous Passive Method

The paper deals with a problem of a passive measurement of the relative position of an optical beacon and an optical camera by a simultaneous analytical method. The beacon is composed of nine light sources which are arranged in space in a defined way. The proposed beacon layout enables the measurement of the beacon range and one position angle of the camera. This paper presents the mathematical model of the measurement method and the results, which were gathered on the basis of two experimental measurements. The first experiment was only indicative. The extreme results of the second experiment were as follows: the minimum and maximum absolute percentage errors of the beacon range were zero and 1.72%, the minimum and maximum errors of the position angle were 0.1 deg and 1.64 deg. The standard commercial cameras and lenses with different focal lengths were used.

Performance Evaluation of OOK, DPSK and Duo-binary Modulation Format based Mixed-Line-Rate (MLR) Optical Network

With the steady increase in the heterogeneous Internet traffic, the optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks based on a mixed line rate (MLR) strategy have emerged as an efficient-solution. Also, with the migration from the legacy to the higher line rate(s), the advanced modulation format(s) (MF) is/are required. However, use of appropriate MF(s) for the higher line rate(s) still remains an open problem. In this article, we compare the performance of an On-Off Keying (OOK), Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) and Duo-binary (DB) MF based MLR network in the presence of various physical layer impairment(s) (PLIs) for which, we propose a mathematical model based on various MFs. As a novelty, we validate the proposed theoretical model’s results by comparing them with the results obtained through simulations from OptSim, which has not been conducted in any existing study(s) thus far. Our simulation results show that the DB MF is perfectly suitable for high spectral-efficient MLR systems owing to its high resistance to various PLIs.