scholarly journals Analysis And Assessment Of The Security Method Against Incidental Contamination In The Collective Water Supply System

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawid Szpak ◽  
Barbara Tchórzewska – Cieślak
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Pipe Network ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Fmea Method

Abstract The paper presents the main types of surface water incidental contaminations and the security method against incidental contamination in water sources. Analysis and assessment the collective water supply system (CWSS) protection against incidental contamination was conducted. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) was used. The FMEA method allow to use the product or process analysis, identification of weak points, and implementation the corrections and new solutions for eliminating the source of undesirable events. The developed methodology was shown in application case. It was found that the risk of water contamination in water-pipe network of the analyzed CWSS caused by water source incidental contamination is at controlled level.

scholarly journals Sources Of Incidental Events In Collective Water Supply System

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Dawid Szpak ◽  
Barbara Tchórzewska – Cieślak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System

Abstract The publication presents the main types of incidental events in collective water supply system. The special attention was addressed to the incidental events associated with a decrease in water quality, posing a threat to the health and life of inhabitants. The security method against incidental contamination in the water source was described.

What can short temporal changes of stable isotope ratios and geochemical parameters of tap water at a single sampling site tell us?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Nagode ◽  
Tjaša Kanduč ◽  
Tea Zuliani ◽  
Branka Bračič Železnik ◽  
Brigita Jamnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Temporal Differences ◽  
In The Beginning

<p>Investigations of tap water and its source groundwater reflect combined features of regional hydrological processes and human activities including the changes in water supply system (WSS). In this context, multi-parameter characterization can present a reliable tool to propagate the geochemical “fingerprints” of water source from natural or artificial mixing. If the geochemical composition of different water source end members is significantly different, we can estimate the proportions of source water and their changes from particular source to tap.</p><p>To test this hypothesis, we performed a 24 hours sampling experiment of tap water in April 2019 at selected location in Ljubljana (i.e. at Jožef Stefan Institute), where groundwater from two different water fields and aquifers (i.e. from Kleče at Ljubljansko polje and Brest from Ljubljansko barje) is mixed. In-situ measurements of temperature, electrical conductivity and pH were performed and 25 water samples were collected hourly for determination of isotopic composition of oxygen (<em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O), hydrogen (<em>δ</em><sup>2</sup>H) and dissolved inorganic carbon (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub>), <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr isotope ratio and major (Ca, K, Mg and Na) and trace elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sr, Tl, U, V and Zn).</p><p>The diurnal variations of parameters are not very large; however, temporal differences of some parameters (e.g. Ba, Mg) indicate that proportion of groundwater from Kleče and Brest water fields changed during the experiment. Based on observed temporal differences during the 24 hours experiment we could identify three different patterns: a.) higher values in the beginning and at the end and lower in between (i.e. <em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O, <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub>, Ca, Na, B, Ba, Cr, Li, Sr); b.) lower values in the beginning and at the end and higher in between (i.e. K, Mg, As, Mn, V) and c.) higher values at the beginning of experiment (i.e. Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn). The first and the second pattern (a and b) indicate the mixing of different groundwater from different water fields with different geochemical characteristics. The third pattern (c) however indicates the influence of release of elements due to corrosion of water supply system. Based on results of 24 hours experiment and additional information on functioning of water supply system changes in proportion of water from Kleče and Brest water fields will be estimated.</p>

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Willingness to Pay for Improved Water Supply System in Rural Tanahu, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananta Raj Dhungana ◽  
Basanta Baral
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Dental Pain ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated

This study aims to analyze the factors associated with willingness to pay for improved water supply system in rural Tanahu, Nepal. For this purpose, one hundred and twenty seven households were proportionately distributed among wards 5, 6, 7 & 8 and selected for data collection. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Chi-square test was used to find the factors associated with willingness to pay for improved water supply system. This study shows that there is no any significant association between willingness to pay for improved water supply system and social, demographic and economic variables. However, water source, dental pain, water quantity, want for change are water fetching time have significant association with willingness to pay for improved water supply system. Cases of Jaundice is significantly associated with willingness to pay for improved water supply system However, there is no significant association between willingness to pay and satisfaction from WUC activities, water purification, diarrhea, dysentery, seasonal flu, and suffering from worm. So, it can be concluded that type of water source, quantity, fetching time, will for change, and prevalence of some disease (Jaundice, Dental Pain) are the major factors influencing willingness to pay for improved water supply system in the study area.apriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. 5 (December 2016), Page: 1-13

Energy-Saving Applying Study of Fuzzy Control in the Variable Frequency and Constant Pressure Water Supply System

2012 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 1307-1310
Author(s):  
Yao Bin Hu ◽  
Yu Lin Wang ◽  
Liang Bin Hu ◽  
Peng Wei
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Control ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Fuzzy Arithmetic ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Pipe Network ◽  
Pressure Water

A new energy-saving method of variable frequency and constant pressure water supply system based on fuzzy control theory and software control technique is presented in this paper. Firstly, collecting the pipe network pressure periodically through the pressure sensor, the differential pressure signal will be sent into fuzzy controller after comparing the pipe network pressure with the set pressure. Then send a precise control quantity into the PID regulator to control output frequency of the frequency converter after a series of fuzzy arithmetic and solution of fuzzy arithmetic, so as to achieve the purpose of pump speed and consumed power controlling. The operating principle of variable frequency and constant pressure water supply system and the design procedures of software programming are elaborated. Practical application shows that the variable frequency and constant pressure water supply system based on fuzzy control has good effect on energy saving and obvious economic benefits and is worth popularizing and applying.

Effect of Water Source Pollution on the Water Quality of Shanghai Water Supply System

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1271-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOHUI BAI ◽  
XIAOHONG ZHANG ◽  
QUN SUN ◽  
XINZE WANG ◽  
BIN ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Effect Of Water

scholarly journals Urban expansion impacts the surface water source of the water supply system in Belém and Ananindeua, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e303974098
Author(s):  
Francianne Vieira Mourão ◽  
José Almir Rodrigues Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Special Focus

The aim of that research is to analyse the evolution of human activities close to Lake Bolonha, one of the main surface water sources for the Water Supply System in downtown Belém and Ananindeua, is investigated. Research consists of three stages. Stage 1 characterizes the environs and evaluates the importance of Lake Bolonha within the urban context. Stage 2 identifies human activities in the last ten years in the environs of the water source. Stage 3 analyzes impacts and environmental degradation risks, with special focus on vegetation around the lake. Results show that urban expansion reduced riparian vegetation and triggered sewerage flow into the lake, compromising self-cleaning capacity in the medium and long term, with an increase of pollution/contamination. The administration should develop and intensify activities to avoid irregular land occupation, establish a sewerage system and restitute the riparian vegetation lost. Lake Bolonha is highly relevant for the water supply system of approximate one million people of Belém and Ananindeua within the metropolitan region of Belém, Brazil.

scholarly journals An Efficient No-Shutdown Pipe Fixing Freezing Design for Water Management System in Hospitals during COVID-19: A Case Study

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2725
Author(s):  
Fei-Lung Liu ◽  
Shu-Kai S. Fan ◽  
Ebede Ndi ◽  
Jih-Fu Tu
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Pipe Surface

Ensuring the uninterrupted flow of the complex piped water distribution networks to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan’s hospitals has become a priority. The process involved in the no-shutdown pipe fixing freezing method depends on the water supply system design and the conditions of the environment. Before carrying out repair works onsite, two experiments were undertaken to estimate the liquid nitrogen supply rate and make sure of its adequacy in relation to the fixing system’s heat transfer performance. Using an iron exhaust pipe and galvanized steel inlet pipe with jacket for a 50-mm-diameter water pipe, temperature variations and timelapse were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that the frost length on the water pipe surface at either side of the jacket was 1.2–1.8 times of the pipe diameter. The ice length (~45 cm) was longer than the jacket (~34 cm), and the water pressure at the jacket inlet side was 1 kg/cm2 greater than at the exit. Injecting the right amount of liquid nitrogen into the inlet and at a proper speed between 0.7 and 0.8 kg/min will ensure a safe and smooth completion of the ice plug formation process. The design and processes have been used successfully in hospital water supply system fixing works.

scholarly journals Water Safety Plan for drinking water risk management: the case study of Mortara (Pavia, Italy)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Sorlini ◽  
Michela Biasibetti ◽  
Alessandro Abbà ◽  
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli ◽  
Silvestro Damiani
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Safety Plan ◽  
Water Safety Plan ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System

The Water Safety Plan (WSP) approach is an iterative method focused on analyzing the risks of water contamination in a drinking water supply system, from catchment to consumer, in order to protect human health. This approach is aimed at identifying and drastically reducing water contamination in the entire drinking water system, through the identification and mitigation or, if possible, elimination of all factors that may cause a chemical, physical, microbiological and radiological risk for water. This study developed a proposal of WSP for the drinking water supply system (DWSS) of Mortara, Italy, in order to understand which are the preliminary evaluation aspects to be considered in the elaboration of a WSP. The DWSS of Mortara (a town of 15,500 inhabitants, located in northern Italy) consists of three drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), considering the following main contaminants: arsenic, iron, manganese and ammonia. Potential hazardous events and associated hazards were identified in each part of the water supply system. The risk assessment was carried out following the semi‑quantitative approach. The WSP proposal for Mortara was very useful not only as a risk mitigation approach, but also as a cost-effective tool for water suppliers. Furthermore, this approach will reduce public health risk, ensure a better compliance of water quality parameters with regulatory requirements, increase confidence of consumers and municipal authorities, and improve resource management due to intervention planning. Further, some new control measures are proposed by the WSP team within this work.

scholarly journals Converting Traditional Water Supply Network Into 24x7, using Water GEMS to Optimize Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-284
Author(s):  
Mukund M. Pawar ◽  
Nitin P. Sonaje
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Pipe Network ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Water Supply Network

Water is all-natural driving force. Entire world struggles to preserve it. Given that India is among the top 12 water poor countries, water wastage is a critical issue for us. India's population is increasing day by day and thus the demand for water is continuously increasing. This growing demand can be met through an efficient water distribution network which can be designed using modern hydraulic software such as Water GEMS. Using the Water GEMS software Pandharpur city is selected to convert existing water supply system into 24 * 7 continuous water supply systems. The largest investment is the pipes used in the water distribution system. The design, modeling and optimization of pipes in water supply system from an economic point of view are very important. Therefore optimal pipe network design for converting existing network into 24x7 water supply system networks is carried out in this paper to reduce the cost using WaterGEM software. Study of the existing water supply network system for one zone (Ambika Nagar Zone10) is initially carried out from the Pandharpur area. The effect on demand, head loss gradient, and pressure development of the forecasted population is studied. In addition, cost optimization of the pipe network for the proposed 24x7 water supply system is carried out using a genetic algorithms Darwin optimization approach.

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