scholarly journals Urban expansion impacts the surface water source of the water supply system in Belém and Ananindeua, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e303974098
Author(s):  
Francianne Vieira Mourão ◽  
José Almir Rodrigues Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Special Focus

The aim of that research is to analyse the evolution of human activities close to Lake Bolonha, one of the main surface water sources for the Water Supply System in downtown Belém and Ananindeua, is investigated. Research consists of three stages. Stage 1 characterizes the environs and evaluates the importance of Lake Bolonha within the urban context. Stage 2 identifies human activities in the last ten years in the environs of the water source. Stage 3 analyzes impacts and environmental degradation risks, with special focus on vegetation around the lake. Results show that urban expansion reduced riparian vegetation and triggered sewerage flow into the lake, compromising self-cleaning capacity in the medium and long term, with an increase of pollution/contamination. The administration should develop and intensify activities to avoid irregular land occupation, establish a sewerage system and restitute the riparian vegetation lost. Lake Bolonha is highly relevant for the water supply system of approximate one million people of Belém and Ananindeua within the metropolitan region of Belém, Brazil.

scholarly journals Sources Of Incidental Events In Collective Water Supply System

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Dawid Szpak ◽  
Barbara Tchórzewska – Cieślak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System

Abstract The publication presents the main types of incidental events in collective water supply system. The special attention was addressed to the incidental events associated with a decrease in water quality, posing a threat to the health and life of inhabitants. The security method against incidental contamination in the water source was described.

What can short temporal changes of stable isotope ratios and geochemical parameters of tap water at a single sampling site tell us?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Nagode ◽  
Tjaša Kanduč ◽  
Tea Zuliani ◽  
Branka Bračič Železnik ◽  
Brigita Jamnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Temporal Differences ◽  
In The Beginning

<p>Investigations of tap water and its source groundwater reflect combined features of regional hydrological processes and human activities including the changes in water supply system (WSS). In this context, multi-parameter characterization can present a reliable tool to propagate the geochemical “fingerprints” of water source from natural or artificial mixing. If the geochemical composition of different water source end members is significantly different, we can estimate the proportions of source water and their changes from particular source to tap.</p><p>To test this hypothesis, we performed a 24 hours sampling experiment of tap water in April 2019 at selected location in Ljubljana (i.e. at Jožef Stefan Institute), where groundwater from two different water fields and aquifers (i.e. from Kleče at Ljubljansko polje and Brest from Ljubljansko barje) is mixed. In-situ measurements of temperature, electrical conductivity and pH were performed and 25 water samples were collected hourly for determination of isotopic composition of oxygen (<em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O), hydrogen (<em>δ</em><sup>2</sup>H) and dissolved inorganic carbon (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub>), <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr isotope ratio and major (Ca, K, Mg and Na) and trace elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sr, Tl, U, V and Zn).</p><p>The diurnal variations of parameters are not very large; however, temporal differences of some parameters (e.g. Ba, Mg) indicate that proportion of groundwater from Kleče and Brest water fields changed during the experiment. Based on observed temporal differences during the 24 hours experiment we could identify three different patterns: a.) higher values in the beginning and at the end and lower in between (i.e. <em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O, <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub>, Ca, Na, B, Ba, Cr, Li, Sr); b.) lower values in the beginning and at the end and higher in between (i.e. K, Mg, As, Mn, V) and c.) higher values at the beginning of experiment (i.e. Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn). The first and the second pattern (a and b) indicate the mixing of different groundwater from different water fields with different geochemical characteristics. The third pattern (c) however indicates the influence of release of elements due to corrosion of water supply system. Based on results of 24 hours experiment and additional information on functioning of water supply system changes in proportion of water from Kleče and Brest water fields will be estimated.</p>

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Willingness to Pay for Improved Water Supply System in Rural Tanahu, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananta Raj Dhungana ◽  
Basanta Baral
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Dental Pain ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated

This study aims to analyze the factors associated with willingness to pay for improved water supply system in rural Tanahu, Nepal. For this purpose, one hundred and twenty seven households were proportionately distributed among wards 5, 6, 7 & 8 and selected for data collection. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Chi-square test was used to find the factors associated with willingness to pay for improved water supply system. This study shows that there is no any significant association between willingness to pay for improved water supply system and social, demographic and economic variables. However, water source, dental pain, water quantity, want for change are water fetching time have significant association with willingness to pay for improved water supply system. Cases of Jaundice is significantly associated with willingness to pay for improved water supply system However, there is no significant association between willingness to pay and satisfaction from WUC activities, water purification, diarrhea, dysentery, seasonal flu, and suffering from worm. So, it can be concluded that type of water source, quantity, fetching time, will for change, and prevalence of some disease (Jaundice, Dental Pain) are the major factors influencing willingness to pay for improved water supply system in the study area.apriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. 5 (December 2016), Page: 1-13

Effect of Water Source Pollution on the Water Quality of Shanghai Water Supply System

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1271-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOHUI BAI ◽  
XIAOHONG ZHANG ◽  
QUN SUN ◽  
XINZE WANG ◽  
BIN ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Effect Of Water

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Resources and Analysis of Safe Yield and Reliability of Surface Water Reservoirs of Asmara Water Supply System

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Kahsay N. Zeraebruk ◽  
Alfred O. Mayabi ◽  
John M. Gathenya
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Safe Yield

In a water supply system safe yield is the average annual volume that can be supplied to the system subject to an adopted set of operational rules and a typical demand pattern without violating a given level of service standard. It is dependent upon storage and hydrologic (rainfall/runoff/evaporation) characteristics of the sources, the source facilities, upstream and downstream permitted withdrawals and minimum in-stream flow requirements.For effective operation and management of a water supply system, it is important to have knowledge of water balance of the reservoirs and estimate their safe yield at a certain level of reliability. In this study, to assess water resources potential of existing surface water sources and new catchments and estimate the water balance of the water supply system, the hydrologic simulation model, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was utilized. The model was calibrated and validated successfully. The safe yield and corresponding reliability of reservoirs were estimated using a deterministic water balance model. The results of the water balance analysis and projected water demand were used to assess existing water supply situation and challenges in future. The assessment indicated that the gap between demand and supply at high population growth rate scenario is wide and very critical.To close the gap between the available water supply and the increasing water demand in the study area, utmost attention is needed by the decision making authorities and the management of the water utility to improve performance efficiency of the water supply system by instituting effective water governance and reducing leakage losses.

scholarly journals WATER INTAKE FROM A SURFACE WATER SOURCE FOR FISH BREEDING AND RECLAMATION COMPLEXES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Shevchenko ◽  
◽  
G. N. Puras ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Fish Protection

Purpose: development of a layout-design solution for water intake from a surface water body, excluding the entry of harmful aquatic organisms into fish-breeding reservoirs. In accordance with modern ideas about water intakes that meet the requirements of fish protection and prevent the ingress of aquatic organisms into water supply system of fish-breeding complexes, filtering water intakes are the most effective. Materials and Methods. The water intakes structures development is based on the materials of the fish and water body surveys and the results of the analysis of developments in this area. Results. As part of water nutrition system of the fish-breeding complex, it is proposed to use a water intake with a two-chamber water inlet equipped with filtering panels and regulating screens. Filtering panels located at the head of each of the chambers ensure the retention of harmful, weed and predatory aquatic organisms, and the screens ensure the water inlet shutdown at replacing the filtering panels. Various modes of water inlet chambers operation are considered for intake of various water flows, replacement of filter cassettes and shutdown of water intake operation. It is proposed to use a filtering panel with impervious chambers, which make it possible to simplify the cleaning of its filler as a filtering element. Conclusions. A layout solution for a filtering water intake as part of water nutrition system of the fish-breeding complex has been proposed and developed. The design of a two-chamber water intake based on the use of filter panels and impervious screens, providing fish protection functions and preventing harmful, weed and predatory species of aquatic organisms from entering the water supply system is developed. A technology for water inlet functioning under various operating modes of the water intake has been developed. It is proposed to use a filtering panel with a simplified scheme for cleaning it from colmatation products as a water inlet element of the water intake.

scholarly journals Analysis And Assessment Of The Security Method Against Incidental Contamination In The Collective Water Supply System

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawid Szpak ◽  
Barbara Tchórzewska – Cieślak
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Pipe Network ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Fmea Method

Abstract The paper presents the main types of surface water incidental contaminations and the security method against incidental contamination in water sources. Analysis and assessment the collective water supply system (CWSS) protection against incidental contamination was conducted. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) was used. The FMEA method allow to use the product or process analysis, identification of weak points, and implementation the corrections and new solutions for eliminating the source of undesirable events. The developed methodology was shown in application case. It was found that the risk of water contamination in water-pipe network of the analyzed CWSS caused by water source incidental contamination is at controlled level.

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