IGF-II expression and methylation in small for gestational age infants

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shulian Zhang ◽  
Guanpeng Zhai ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Wenjing Shi ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Status ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age

AbstractLow birth weight is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes in many diseases in adult life. We investigated the expression of IGF-II and the status of differentially methylated regions (DMR) in small for gestational age (SGA) infants after birth.Plasma IGF-II, IGF-II receptor (IGF2R), IGF-I, and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) levels were measured after birth in 150 newborn infants. These included 30 term appropriate for gestational age (AGA), 30 term SGA, 30 term large for gestational age (LGA), 30 preterm AGA, and 30 preterm SGA infants.Plasma IGF-II levels after birth were lower in both term SGA (435.1±33.82 vs. 620.4±44.79, p=0.002) and LGA infants (483.7±33.8 vs. 620.42±44.79, p=0.018) than in term AGA infants. The expression ofIGF-II was associated with birth weight and expressed at high levels, which suggests that IGF-II may continue to play an important role after birth.

scholarly journals Perinatal Outcomes of Small for Gestational Age in Twin Pregnancies: Twin vs. Singleton Charts

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Veronica Giorgione ◽  
Corey Briffa ◽  
Carolina Di Fabrizio ◽  
Rohan Bhate ◽  
Asma Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Twin pregnancies are commonly assessed using singleton growth and birth weight reference charts. This practice has led to a significant number of twins labelled as small for gestational age (SGA), causing unnecessary interventions and increased risk of iatrogenic preterm birth. However, the use of twin-specific charts remains controversial. This study aims to assess whether twin-specific estimated fetal weight (EFW) and birth weight (BW) charts are more predictive of adverse outcomes compared to singleton charts. Centiles of EFW and BW were calculated using previously published singleton and twin charts. Categorical data were compared using Chi-square or McNemar tests. The study included 1740 twin pregnancies, with the following perinatal adverse outcomes recorded: perinatal death, preterm birth <34 weeks, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and admissions to the neonatal unit (NNU). Twin-specific charts identified prenatally and postnatally a smaller proportion of infants as SGA compared to singleton charts. However, twin charts showed a higher percentage of adverse neonatal outcomes in SGA infants than singleton charts. For example, perinatal death (SGA 7.2% vs. appropriate for gestational age (AGA) 2%, p < 0.0001), preterm birth <34 weeks (SGA 42.1% vs. AGA 16.4%, p < 0.0001), HDP (SGA 21.2% vs. AGA 13.5%, p = 0.015) and NNU admissions (SGA 69% vs. AGA 24%, p < 0.0001), when compared to singleton charts (perinatal death: SGA 2% vs. AGA 1%, p = 0.029), preterm birth <34 weeks: (SGA 20.6% vs. AGA 17.4%, p = 0.020), NNU admission: (SGA 34.5% vs. AGA 23.9%, p < 0.000). There was no significant association between HDP and SGA using the singleton charts (p = 0.696). In SGA infants, according to the twin charts, the incidence of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler was significantly more common than in SGA using the singleton chart (27.0% vs. 8.1%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, singleton charts misclassify a large number of twins as at risk of fetal growth restriction. The evidence suggests that the following twin-specific charts could reduce unnecessary medical interventions prenatally and postnatally.

Colloid Osmotic Pressure in Newborn Infants: Variations with Birth Weight, Gestational Age, Total Serum Solids, and Mean Arterial Pressure

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 814-819
Author(s):  
Paul Y. K. Wu ◽  
Gary Rockwell ◽  
Linda Chan ◽  
Shu-Mei Wang ◽  
Vikram Udani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Arterial Blood

Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of blood was measured directly at birth with the Wescor membrane colloid osmometer (model 4100) in 91 appropriately grown, 11 large, and nine small for gestational age "well" newborn infants. COP correlated directly with birth weight (r = .726, P &lt; .00001) and gestational age (r = .753, P &lt; .00001). COP values for small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) infants were found to fall within the 95% prediction interval with regard to birth weight and gestational age for appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. Simultaneous measurements of COP, total serum solids, and central arterial mean blood pressure were made. The results showed that COP correlated directly with total serum solids (r = .89, P &lt; .0001) and mean arterial blood pressure (r = .660, P &lt; .001). Among the factors evaluated, total serum solids was the best predictor of COP.

scholarly journals Large-for-gestational-age phenotypes and obesity risk in adulthood: a study of 195,936 women

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José G. B. Derraik ◽  
Sarah E. Maessen ◽  
John D. Gibbins ◽  
Wayne S. Cutfield ◽  
Maria Lundgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Ponderal Index ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Using Data

AbstractWhile there is evidence that being born large-for-gestational-age (LGA) is associated with an increased risk of obesity later in life, the data are conflicting. Thus, we aimed to examine the associations between proportionality at birth and later obesity risk in adulthood. This was a retrospective study using data recorded in the Swedish Birth Register. Anthropometry in adulthood was assessed in 195,936 pregnant women at 10–12 weeks of gestation. All women were born at term (37–41 weeks of gestation). LGA was defined as birth weight and/or length ≥2.0 SDS. Women were separated into four groups: appropriate-for-gestational-age according to both weight and length (AGA – reference group; n = 183,662), LGA by weight only (n = 4,026), LGA by length only (n = 5,465), and LGA by both weight and length (n = 2,783). Women born LGA based on length, weight, or both had BMI 0.12, 1.16, and 1.08 kg/m2 greater than women born AGA, respectively. The adjusted relative risk (aRR) of obesity was 1.50 times higher for those born LGA by weight and 1.51 times for LGA by both weight and height. Length at birth was not associated with obesity risk. Similarly, women born LGA by ponderal index had BMI 1.0 kg/m2 greater and an aRR of obesity 1.39 times higher than those born AGA. Swedish women born LGA by weight or ponderal index had an increased risk of obesity in adulthood, irrespective of their birth length. Thus, increased risk of adult obesity seems to be identifiable from birth weight and ignoring proportionality.

scholarly journals Effect of maternal weight gain according to the Institute of Medicine recommendations on pregnancy outcomes in a Chinese population

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 4397-4412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Guan ◽  
Fei Tang ◽  
Guoqiang Sun ◽  
Wei Ren
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective This study aimed to analyze the effects of maternal weight on adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods Data were retrospectively collected from a hospital in Wuhan, China. A total of 1593 pregnant women with singletons were included. Adverse outcomes during pregnancy, such as small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) were analyzed. Results The risks of low birth weight, SGA, and preterm birth were significantly higher in the inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) group compared with the adequate GWG group. GWG over the guidelines was related to a higher risk of macrosomia, LGA, cesarean section, and HDP than GWG within the guidelines. The risks of low birth weight (OR = 5.082), SGA (OR = 3.959), preterm birth (OR = 3.422), and gestational diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.784) were significantly higher in women with a normal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and inadequate GWG compared with women with a normal pre-pregnancy BMI and adequate GWG. The risks of macrosomia (OR = 3.654) and HDP (OR = 1.992) were increased in women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI and excessive GWG. Conclusion Women with an abnormal BMI and inappropriate GWG have an increased risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Weight management during the perinatal period is required.

Neonatal Hyperviscosity: I. Incidence

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-836
Author(s):  
Frederick H. Wirth ◽  
Karen E. Goldberg ◽  
Lula O. Lubchenco
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
University Of Colorado ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University

Capillary hematocrits were performed on 790 infants during the first four hours after birth. These infants were delivered between August 8 and December 7, 1974, at the University of Colorado Medical Center, which is at an altitude of 1,061 m above sea level. When the capillary hematocrit was 7% or greater, venous hematocrit and blood viscosity were determined. Capillary hematocrits obtained from warmed heels in the first hour after birth were spuriously high and not consistently related to venous hematocrit. Venous polycythemia, defined as a hematocrit of 65% or greater, occurred in 4% of the newborn population. Hyperviscosity (2 SD above the mean for newborns) occurred in 5% of the newborn infants. At a venous hematocrit of 65% or greater, hyperviscosity was predictable, but some infants with venous hematocrits between 60% and 64% also had hyperviscosity of the blood. The incidence of polycythemia and hyperviscosity was further related to birth weight and gestational age. The infants who were small for gestational age were at highest risk of polycythemia and hyperviscosity, followed by infants who were large for gestational age. However, the greatest number of infants with hvperviscosity were term appropriate for gestational age. Preterm infants with gestational ages of less than 34 weeks were not affected.

scholarly journals G-ROP Criteria for Predicting Retinopathy of Prematurity Among Neonates with Different Birth Weight Percentiles

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asli Okbay Gunes ◽  
Sevilay Topcuoglu ◽  
Gokhan Celik ◽  
Osman Kizilay ◽  
Muhammed Ali Recai Akyurekli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age

Abstract Purpose: To determine whether being small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) affected the sensitivity and specificity of Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity (G-ROP) model. Methods: We applied the G-ROP criteria, except hydrocephalus, for prematures retrospectively. The infants were divided into three subgroups according to birth weight percentiles (SGA, AGA, LGA), and the performance of the G-ROP criteria was tested for each group by calculating sensitivity and specificity for any stage retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and severe ROP. Severe ROP was defined as ROP needing treatment. Results: Three hundred and ninety neonates screened for ROP were included. The gestational age and birth weight of the neonates were 29.3±2.9 weeks and 1302.9±416 g, respectively. There were 41 (10.5%) SGA, 312 (80%) AGA and 37 (9.5%) LGA neonates. The sensitivity of the model for any ROP was 67.8%, 66.7%, 73.2%, 55.6% for all of the patients in the study, SGA, AGA, and LGA neonates, respectively. The sensitivity of the model for severe ROP in all group and for each subgroup was 100%. The specificity of the model for any ROP was 65.9%, 70.6%, 87.7%, 90% for all of the patients, SGA, AGA, and LGA neonates, respectively. The specificity for severe ROP was 46.4%, 50%, 44%, 63.6% for all of the patients, SGA, AGA, and LGA neonates, respectively.Conclusion: The sensitivity and specificity of the G-ROP model in SGA infants were similar with the whole group, but was different between SGA, AGA and LGA neonates. Although the model did not miss any severe ROP, the specificity of the model for severe ROP was found low.

scholarly journals Placental biometry for prediction of small for gestational age fetuses in low resource setting

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megha Jindal ◽  
Sangeeta Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Placental Thickness

Background: Small for gestational age refers to foetuses with birth weight less than tenth centile for gestational age. Such foetuses are at increased risk of intrauterine fatal demise in comparison to others. Placenta plays a central role in supporting foetal growth. Researchers have emphasized on three dimensional sonographic placental volumetry as a predictor of SGA. This study focussed on role of two dimensional Ultrasonographic placental measurement in predicting SGA foetuses.Methods: Prospective study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maulana Azad Medical College from November 2013 to February 2015. In singleton pregnancies at 18-22 weeks of gestation, placental biometry (in two dimensions) was performed. Maximal Placental Diameter (MaxPD) and Maximal Placental Thickness (MaxPT) in two orthogonal planes was recorded. Mean Placental Diameter (MPD) and Mean Placental Thickness (MPT) were calculated. At the time of delivery, as per the birth weight the neonate was classified into appropriate for gestational age (AGA)/ SGA/ large for gestational age (LGA). MPD and MPT were analyzed as predictors of SGA.Results: Both the MaxPDs and MPD were significantly smaller in SGA pregnancies (all with p ≤ 0.001). Similarly, both the MaxPTs (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001) and MPT (p = 0.000) were significantly smaller in SGA pregnancies. The ROC curve for combined placental biometry had the maximum area under the curve (0.805).Conclusions: Placental measurements taken in mid-gestation are a valuable predictor of SGA. Measurement of placental diameter and thickness is quick and simple. This approach should be explored in future to develop a predictive model for growth restricted foetuses.

Premature birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age and chronic non-communicable diseases in adult life: A systematic review with meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 105154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Luiza Santos Soares de Mendonça ◽  
Mateus de Lima Macêna ◽  
Nassib Bezerra Bueno ◽  
Alane Cabral Menezes de Oliveira ◽  
Carolina Santos Mello
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Comparison of Phototherapy Results in Small-for-Gestational-Age and Appropriate-for-Gestational-Age Infants Weighing Less Than 2,000 Grams

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-441
Author(s):  
Joan E. Hodgman ◽  
Paul Y. K. Wu ◽  
Nathaniel B. White ◽  
Dolores A. Bryla
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Evaluation Techniques

The infant who is small for gestational age (SGA) is more mature at birth than similar weight infants who are appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Whether the SGA infant behaves as does the larger gestationally equivalent infant, or whether there are specific changes related to intrauterine growth retardation is a matter of some interest in the understanding of the special needs of these infants. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) phototherapy study provided a large newborn population for whom birth weight, gestational age at birth, and, thereby, intrauterine growth were carefully assessed. Infants who weighed 2,000 g or more at birth were included in the study only when they became jaundiced, whereas infants who weighed less than 2,000 g at birth were routinely entered into the study. Consequently, this report will be limited to the lowbirth-weight population selected by birth weight. Too few SGA babies were present in the groups with greater birth weight to allow meaningful comparisons. PATIENT SELECTIQN All infants whose birth weight was less than 2,000 g were entered into the study at 24 ± 12 hours. Those excluded from the study were: (1) infants who died before 24 hours, (2) infants with serious congenital defects, and (3) infants whose mothers refused consent for study. The study population consisted of 922 infants surviving at 24 hours. Gestational age was calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period obtained from maternal history and also by the evaluation techniques of Dubowitz.25 Intrauterine growth was determined by plotting birth weight and gestational age on the Denver Intrauterine Growth Curves8; infants below the 10th percentile were considered SGA.

GROWTH HORMONE LEVELS IN NORMOGLYCEMIC AND HYPOGLYCEMIC INFANTS BORN SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-199
Author(s):  
James R. Humbert ◽  
Ronald W. Gotlin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Serum Gh

Recent investigations have raised the possibility that growth hormone (GH) influences intra-uterine weight and length. Moreover, the hypoglycemic tendency of small for gestational age (FSGA) infants and their small size could result from GH deficiency. To verify these hypotheses, a prospective study of daily serum GH and glucose levels was conducted in 46 newborn infants, including 18 FSCA infants, 18-full-term, appropriate for gestational age (FAGA), and 10 premature (PR) infants. Two FSGA babies became hypoglycemic. Both manifested normal GH competence as evidenced by normal daily GH levels, adequate GH response to arginine provocation, and satisfactory growth for over 2 years. Eleven of 12 FSGA babies followed from 14 to 26 months showed no evidence of impaired linear growth. The FSGA babies had GH values similar in magnitude and pattern to those of FAGA and PR infants. During the second half of the first postnatal day, a significant rise in serum GH occurred in all infants regardless of their size or gestational age; this rise may be the result of the stimulating effect of early milk feedings. GH deficiency does not appear to contribute to either the small size or hypoglycemic tendency of FSGA newborn infants.

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