Frequency and risk factors of depression in type 1 diabetes in a developing country

AbstractBackground:Living with type 1 diabetes, especially in developing countries, can feel overwhelming for parents and children because constant vigilance is required for proper care with an inadequacy of resources. Our aim was to investigate the frequency and risk factors of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Methods:The study was conducted using epidemiologic studies Depression Scale Questionnaire for Children (CES-DC) on 86 patients with type 1 diabetes from the Diabetes Clinic in Alexandria University Children’s Hospital, Egypt. Logistic regression models were used to detect the predictors of depression.Results:In the current study 45 children (52.3%) had scores ≥15 indicating a depressive state. Children who had depression were found to have a significantly longer duration of diabetes (5.84±2.53 year), a higher mean total daily insulin dose (1.36±0.45 unit/kg), HbAConclusions:Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes have high frequency of depressive symptoms in a developing country. Poor glycemic control is the most significant predictor for depression in these patients.

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Impact of Fat Intake on Blood Glucose Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082625 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2625

Author(s):

Chiara Garonzi ◽

Gun Forsander ◽

Claudio Maffeis

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Specific Role ◽

Fat Intake ◽

High Fat

Nutrition therapy is a cornerstone of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management. Glycemic control is affected by diet composition, which can contribute to the development of diabetes complications. However, the specific role of macronutrients is still debated, particularly fat intake. This review aims at assessing the relationship between fat intake and glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation, and microbiota, in children and adolescents with T1D. High fat meals are followed by delayed and prolonged hyperglycemia and higher glycated hemoglobin A1c levels have been frequently reported in individuals with T1D consuming high amounts of fat. High fat intake has also been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, which is higher in people with diabetes than in healthy subjects. Finally, high fat meals lead to postprandial pro-inflammatory responses through different mechanisms, including gut microbiota modifications. Different fatty acids were proposed to have a specific role in metabolic regulation, however, further investigation is still necessary. In conclusion, available evidence suggests that a high fat intake should be avoided by children and adolescents with T1D, who should be encouraged to adhere to a healthy and balanced diet, as suggested by ISPAD and ADA recommendations. This nutritional choice might be beneficial for reducing cardiovascular risk and inflammation.

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