Chemicals with a natural reference for controlling water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms

AbstractLife cannot exist without water. Appropriate management of water, from the water’s source to its utilization, is necessary to sustain life. Aquatic weeds pose a serious threat to aquatic environments and related eco-environments. Short- and long-term planning to control aquatic weeds is extremely important. Water hyacinth,Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.) Solms, is one of the world’s worst pests with a bad reputation as an invasive weed. In this study we are seeking the possibility of using certain chemicals with a natural background, for controlling water hyacinth since there is a delicate balance that needs to be taken into account when using herbicides in water. Five compounds, namely: acetic acid, citric acid, formic acid, and propionic acid, in three concentrations (10, 15, and 20%) were applied (i.e. as a foliar application under wire-house conditions) and compared with the use of the herbicide glyphosate (1.8 kg ∙ ha−1). All of the five compounds performed well in the control of the water hyacinth. As expected, the efficacy increased as the concentration was increased from 10 to 20%. With formic and propionic acids, the plants died earlier than when the other acids or the herbicide glyphosate, were used. Acetic acid came after formic and propionic acids in terms of efficacy. Citric acid ranked last. Formic acid/propionic acid mixtures showed superior activity in suppressing water hyacinth growth especially at the rate of (8 : 2) at the different examined concentrations (3 or 5 or 10%) compared to the formic acid/acetic acid mixtures. Using the formic acid/propionic acid mixture (8 : 2; at 3%) in the open field, provided good control and confirmed the viability of these chemicals in the effective control of water hyacinth. Eventually, these chemical treatments could be used on water for controlling water hyacinth. In the future, these chemicals could probably replace the traditional herbicides widely used in this regard. These chemicals are perceived as environmentally benign for their rapid degradation to carbon dioxide and water. For maximum efficiency thorough coverage especially in bright sunlight is essential.

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Effect of organic acids fed through drinking water on carcass and internal organs of broiler chickens

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v41i1.2681 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 60-67

Author(s):

E. K. Ndelekwute ◽

H. O. Uzegbu ◽

K. U. Amaefule ◽

C. O. Okereke ◽

B. I. Umoh

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Gall Bladder ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Formic Acid ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Carcass Yield

A Six week study was carried out to investigate effect of different organic acids (OAs) fed through drinking water on carcass yield and internal organs weight of broiler chickens. The OAs were acetic acid (AA) butyric acid (BA), citric acid (CA) and formic acid (FA). One hundred and fifty (150) day old AborAcre-plus chicks were used. There were five treatments. Treatment 1 which served as control (CON) consumed water with no organic acid, while treatments 2,3, 4 and5 respectively were offered drinking water treated with 0.25% acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA), citric acid (CA) and formic acid (FA). Each treatment was replicated three times each having 10 birds arranged in completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Results showed that dressed carcass weight and breast weight were improved by all the organic acids. While only AA positively influenced the thigh weight, all the OAs drinking water fed resulted to smaller drumstick compared to the CON. Feeding of AA, BA and FA through drinking water increased (PSO.05) deposition of abdominal fat. Weight of pancreas, small intestine, caecum and large intestine was significantly (P<0.05) higher in CON. The gall bladder was significantly (P<0.05) bigger in all the OA groups. Conclusively, OAs could be fed through the drinking water for improved percentage carcass yield, breast meat and larger gall bladder and invariably bile volume

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Heterogeneous chemistry of monocarboxylic acids on α-Al2O3 at ambient condition

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-10-3937-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 3937-3974 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. R. Tong ◽

L. Y. Wu ◽

M. F. Ge ◽

W. G. Wang ◽

Z. F. Pu

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Formic Acid ◽

Carboxylic Acids ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Ambient Condition ◽

Heterogeneous Reactions ◽

Dust Particles ◽

Monocarboxylic Acids ◽

Al2o3 Particles ◽

Α Al2o3

Abstract. A study of the atmospheric heterogeneous reactions of formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid on dust particles (α-Al2O3) was performed at ambient condition by using a diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) reactor. From the analysis of the spectral features, observations of carboxylates formation provide strong evidence for an efficient reactive uptake process. Comparison of the calculated and experimental vibrational frequencies of adsorbed carboxylates establishes the bridging coordinated structures on the surface. The uptake coefficients of formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid on α-Al2O3 particles are (2.07±0.26)×10−3, (5.00±0.69)×10−3, and (3.04±0.63)×10−3, respectively (using geometric area). Besides, the effect of various relative humid (RH) on this heterogeneous reactions was studied. The uptake coefficients of monocarboxylic acids on α-Al2O3 particles increase initially (RH<20%) and then decrease with the increased RH (RH>20%) which was due to the effect of water on carboxylic acids solvation, particles surface hydroxylation, and competition on reactive site. On the basis of the results of experimental simulation, the mechanism of heterogeneous reaction of dust with carboxylic acids at ambient condition was discussed. The loss of atmospheric monocarboxylic acids due to reactive uptake on available mineral dust particles can be competitive with homogeneous loss pathways, especially in dusty urban and desertified environments.

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Excess molar volumes of formic acid + water acetic acid + water and propionic acid + water systems at 288.15, 298.15 and 308.15 K

Fluid Phase Equilibria ◽

10.1016/0378-3812(87)85035-5 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 163-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Alexander Apelblat ◽

Emanuel Manzurola

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Formic Acid ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Excess Molar Volumes ◽

Water Systems ◽

Acid Water ◽

Molar Volumes ◽

Acetic Acid Water

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Heterogeneous chemistry of monocarboxylic acids on α-Al2O3 at different relative humidities

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-10-7561-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (16) ◽

pp. 7561-7574 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

S. R. Tong ◽

L. Y. Wu ◽

M. F. Ge ◽

W. G. Wang ◽

Z. F. Pu

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Formic Acid ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Heterogeneous Reactions ◽

Experimental Simulation ◽

Dust Particles ◽

Monocarboxylic Acids ◽

Al2o3 Particles ◽

Uptake Coefficients ◽

Α Al2o3

Abstract. A study of the atmospheric heterogeneous reactions of formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid on α-Al2O3 was performed at ambient condition by using a diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) reactor. From the analysis of the spectral features, observations of carboxylates formation provide strong evidence for an efficient reactive uptake process. Comparison of the calculated and experimental vibrational frequencies of adsorbed carboxylates establishes the bridging coordinated structures on the surface. The uptake coefficients of formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid on α-Al2O3 particles are (2.07±0.26)×10−3 or (2.37±0.30) ×10−7, (5.00±0.69)×10−3 or (5.99±0.78)×10−7, and (3.04±0.63)×10−3 or (3.03±0.52)×10−7, respectively (using geometric or BET surface area). Furthermore, the effect of varying relative humidity (RH) on these heterogeneous reactions was studied. The uptake coefficients of monocarboxylic acids on α-Al2O3 particles increase initially (RH<20%) and then decrease with the increased RH (RH>20%) which was due to the effect of water on carboxylic acid solvation, particle surface hydroxylation, and competition for reactive sites. On the basis of the results of experimental simulation, the mechanism of heterogeneous reaction of α-Al2O3 with carboxylic acids at ambient RH was discussed. The loss of atmospheric monocarboxylic acids due to reactive uptake on available mineral dust particles may be competitive with homogeneous loss pathways, especially in dusty urban and desertified environments.

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Enthalpies of Mixing for Binary Liquid Mixtures of Acids

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-1983-1219 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 38 (12) ◽

pp. 1400-1401 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Haase ◽

H.-J. Jansen ◽

B. Winter

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Formic Acid ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Entire Range ◽

Excess Enthalpy ◽

Liquid Mixtures ◽

Binary Liquid ◽

Calorimetric Measurements ◽

Liquid Systems ◽

C 30

Abstract For the binary liquid systems formic acid + acetic acid, formic acid + propionic acid, and acetic acid + propionic acid, we give the results of new calorimetric measurements of the molar excess enthalpy H̄E at 25 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C, and 60°C, covering the entire range of compositions. H̄E is always positive, increases linearly with the temperature, and is slightly asymmetric with respect to the mole fraction x. The composition at the maximum of the function H̄E(x) is independent of the temperature.

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